ST25R3916B/17B RFID读写器：兼容ISO/IEC 14443A与15693应用

需积分: 15 152 浏览量更新于2024-06-27 收藏 2.18MB PDF 举报

本文档介绍了一款在2022年11月处于生产阶段的RFID读写器——ST25R3916B和ST25R3917B，它具备广泛的应用场景，包括支付、消费和工业领域。这款设备支持多种读写模式，其核心特点是与ISO/IEC 14443标准兼容，这是RFID技术中的一个重要标准。首先，该读写器支持三种主要的通信模式： 1. 读取/写入模式（Reader/Writer）：作为中心设备，它可以执行数据的读取和写入操作，对于实现物联网(IoT)中的数据交换至关重要。 2. 卡片模拟模式（Card Emulation）：通过这种方式，读写器可以模拟卡片的行为，使得它能够与多种不同类型的RFID卡交互，包括NFC-A（ISO 14443A）和NFC-F/FeliCa™标准，这提高了兼容性和灵活性。 3. 主动和被动对等通信（Peer-to-Peer）：无论是作为发起者还是目标，设备都能在424 kbit/s的速度下进行低级别的通信，这对于支持诸如MIFARE Classic®等定制协议非常有用。关键特性方面，产品设计有以下几个亮点： - 动态功率输出（DPO）：这种功能能够动态调整射频场强度，确保在给定的电磁场限制范围内工作，提高能源效率并防止过载。 - 活跃波形整形（AWS）：有助于减少接收信号的过度和不足，保证数据传输的稳定性和准确性。 - 噪声抑制接收器（NSR）：在嘈杂环境中也能实现高效接收，提升了设备的鲁棒性。 - 自动天线调谐（AAT）：通过可变电容实现天线频率的自动调整，优化通信性能。 - 集成的EMVCo®3.1合规电子钱包处理（EMD Handling）：符合EMVCo安全标准，为金融交易提供安全保障。 - 自动增益控制和静噪功能：这些特性增强了接收信号的质量，确保在各种条件下的可靠通信。这款RFID读写器是针对NFC、ISO 14443A/B、15693等多种标准设计的，旨在为各种应用场景提供高效、安全和灵活的数据交换解决方案。其先进的技术和特性使其在物联网、支付和工业自动化等领域有着广泛应用前景。

Description ST25R3916B ST25R3917B

16/163 DS13541 Rev 6

2.2.2 Receiver

The receiver detects card modulation superimposed on the 13.56 MHz carrier signal. The

receiver consists of two receive chains that are built from a set of demodulators, followed by

two gain and filtering stages and a final digitizer stage. The demodulators operate as

AM/PM demodulator or as I/Q demodulator. The filter characteristics can be adjusted to

match the selected RF mode and bit rate to optimize performance (subcarrier frequencies

from 212 to 848 kHz are supported). Apart from the filter stage the receiver incorporates

several other features (AGC, squelch) that enable reliable operation in noisy conditions.

The receiver is connected to the antenna via the pins RFI1 and RFI2. The output of the

receiver is connected to the framing block that decodes the demodulated and digitized

subcarrier signal.

2.2.3 Phase and amplitude detector

The phase detector measures the phase difference between the transmitter output signals

(RFO1 and RFO2) and the receiver input signals (RFI1 and RFI2).

The amplitude detector measures the amplitude of the differential RF carrier signal between

the receiver inputs RFI1 and RFI2. This differential amplitude signal is directly proportional

to the amplitude of the RF signal on the antenna LC tank.

The phase- and amplitude detectors are used for several purposes:

• PM demodulation, by observing RFI1 and RFI2 phase variations (LF signal is fed to the

receiver)

• Average phase difference between RFOx pins and RFIx pins, to check antenna tuning

• Measure amplitude of signal present on pins RFI1 and RFI2, proportional to the

antenna voltage

2.2.4 Automatic antenna tuning (AAT)

The AAT block consists of two independent 8-bit D/A converters. These converters generate

a programmable voltage (from 0 to 3.3 V) to control external variable capacitors.

2.2.5 A/D converter

The ST25R3916B and ST25R3917B feature a built in A/D converter. Their input can be

multiplexed from different sources and it is used for the diagnostic functions and the low

power card detection. The result of the A/D conversion is stored in a register that can be

read through the host interface.

2.2.6 External field detector

This is a low power block used in the active or passive target mode to detect the presence of

an external RF field. It supports two different external field detection thresholds, namely

Peer detection and Collision avoidance threshold.

The Peer detection threshold is used in the active and passive peer to peer modes to detect

when the peer device turns on its RF field.

The Collision avoidance threshold is used to detect the presence of an external RF field

during the RF collision avoidance procedure.

DS13541 Rev 6 17/163

ST25R3916B ST25R3917B Description

162

2.2.7 Quartz crystal oscillator

The quartz crystal oscillator operates with 27.12 MHz crystals. At start-up the

transconductance of the oscillator is increased to achieve a fast start-up. Since the start-up

time varies with crystal type, temperature and other parameters, the oscillator amplitude is

observed and an interrupt is generated when stable oscillator operation is reached.

The oscillator block also provides a clock signal to the external microcontroller (MCU_CLK),

according to the settings in the IO configuration register 1.

2.2.8 Power supply regulators

The integrated power supply regulators ensures a high power supply rejection ratio (PSRR)

for the complete system.

Three voltage regulators, one for the analog block, one for the digital block, and one for the

RF output drivers, are available to decouple noise sources from the ST25R3916B and

ST25R3917B. A fourth voltage regulator generates the reference voltage for the analog

receivers (AGDC, analog ground).

The RF output driver voltage regulator is configured automatically by the ST25R3916B and

ST25R3917B based on the systems power supply stability and RF output power (see

Section 4.4.10: Adjust regulators for more details).

2.2.9 POR and bias

This block provides bias currents and reference voltages to all other blocks. It also

incorporates a Power on Reset (POR) circuit that provides a reset at power-up and at low

supply levels.

2.2.10 RC oscillator and Wake-up timer

The ST25R3916B and ST25R3917B have two possibilities for low power detection of a card

presence (phase measurement, amplitude measurement). The RC oscillator and the

detection in the low power card detection modes.

2.2.11 TX encoding

This block encodes the transmit frames according to the selected RF mode and bit rate. The

SOF (start of frame), EOF (end of frame), CRC and parity bits are generated automatically.

The data to transmit are taken from the FIFO.

In Stream mode the framing is bypassed. The FIFO data directly defines the modulation

data sent to the transmitter.

In Transparent mode, the framing and FIFO are bypassed, and the MOSI pin directly drives

the modulation of the transmitter.

2.2.12 RX decoding

This block decodes received frames according to the selected RF mode and bitrate. The

received data is written to the FIFO.

In Stream mode the framing is bypassed. The digitized subcarrier signal is directly stored in

the FIFO.

剩余162页未读，继续阅读

weixin_46666236

粉丝: 0
资源: 11

ST25R3916B/17B RFID读写器：兼容ISO/IEC 14443A与15693应用

RFID读写器

RFID标准协议--ISO-IEC-14443

RFID 14443 标准

TRF7963A: 13.56MHz RFID读写器IC for ISO/IEC14443A, B & NFC

FM17520非接触读写器芯片技术手册：ISO/IEC14443 A/MIFARE通信详解

FM17520非接触读写器芯片：ISO/IEC14443 A/MIFARE协议详解

如何理解RFID读写器在支持ISO/IEC 14443A与ISO 15693标准下的工作原理？请结合ST25R3916B/17B的具体特性进行阐述。

RFID读写器如何实现ISO/IEC 14443A与ISO 15693标准的兼容，并基于ST25R3916B/17B的特性进行优化操作？

ISO/IEC 14443协议

ISO/IEC 14443 中文规范

最新资源