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IEEE 802.3-2002标准:CSMA/CD访问方法与物理层规范
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"802.3-2002.pdf 是一份由IEEE(电气和电子工程师协会)发布的标准文档,修订自2000年的IEEE 802.3标准。该标准详细定义了局域网(LAN)和城域网(MAN)中的特定要求,特别是针对载波监听多路访问/冲突检测(CSMA/CD)访问方法和物理层规范。"
正文:
IEEE 802.3标准是全球广泛采用的以太网标准之一,其2002版是对之前版本的更新,旨在提供更加稳定和高效的网络通信规范。这个标准的核心部分是CSMA/CD(Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection),这是一种在共享介质上管理多个设备访问的技术。
CSMA/CD是一种介质访问控制方法,用于避免在同一时间内多个设备同时发送数据导致的冲突。其工作原理包括以下步骤:
1. **载波监听**:当一个设备想要发送数据时,它首先会监听网络介质是否空闲。如果介质上有其他设备正在传输数据,设备就会等待直到介质变为空闲。
2. **多路访问**:当设备检测到介质空闲时,它会尝试开始发送数据。由于多个设备可能同时发现介质空闲,因此可能会发生多个设备同时开始发送数据的情况。
3. **冲突检测**:在数据传输过程中,设备持续监听自己发送的数据是否被其他设备的数据覆盖,即检测冲突。如果检测到冲突,设备会立即停止发送,并随机等待一段时间后再次尝试。
4. **退避算法**:为了减少再次冲突的可能性,每个设备在冲突后会使用退避算法,即随机选择一个时间间隔等待,而不是立即重试。
物理层规范部分则详细规定了以太网的信号传输、接口、电缆类型和连接器等硬件特性。例如,802.3-2002可能涵盖了10Base-T、100Base-TX、1000Base-T等不同速率的以太网标准,以及相应的物理层参数,如信号电压、传输距离和电缆类型(如UTP、STP)。
此外,这份标准还可能包含错误检测和纠正机制、信号编码方案、功率效率增强以及与其他网络技术(如光纤以太网)的互操作性规定。这些规范确保了不同制造商的设备能够无缝地协同工作,构建出可靠且兼容的以太网网络。
IEEE 802.3-2002标准是定义以太网网络运作方式的重要参考,它不仅包含了CSMA/CD访问方法,还规定了物理层的具体实现,对网络设计、建设和维护具有关键指导意义。
Copyright © 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved. xv
8. Medium Attachment Unit and baseband medium specifications, type 10BASE5 .......................... 136
8.1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................... 136
8.2 MAU functional specifications .............................................................................................. 138
8.3 MAU–medium electrical characteristics ................................................................................ 143
8.4 Characteristics of the coaxial cable ........................................................................................ 151
8.5 Coaxial trunk cable connectors .............................................................................................. 154
8.6 System considerations ............................................................................................................ 157
8.7 Environmental specifications ................................................................................................. 159
8.8 Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) proforma for Clause 8,
Medium Attachment Unit and baseband medium specifications, type 10BASE5................. 162
9. Repeater unit for 10 Mb/s baseband networks................................................................................. 178
9.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................ 178
9.2 References .............................................................................................................................. 179
9.3 Definitions .............................................................................................................................. 179
9.4 Compatibility interface........................................................................................................... 179
9.5 Basic functions ....................................................................................................................... 180
9.6 Detailed repeater functions and state diagrams...................................................................... 184
9.7 Electrical isolation.................................................................................................................. 191
9.8 Reliability ............................................................................................................................... 191
9.9 Medium attachment unit and baseband medium specification for a vendor-independent
FOIRL .................................................................................................................................... 192
10. Medium attachment unit and baseband medium specifications, type 10BASE2 ............................ 208
10.1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................... 208
10.2 References .............................................................................................................................. 210
10.3 MAU functional specifications .............................................................................................. 210
10.4 MAU–medium electrical characteristics ................................................................................ 216
10.5 Characteristics of coaxial cable system.................................................................................. 219
10.6 Coaxial trunk cable connectors .............................................................................................. 222
10.7 System considerations ............................................................................................................ 223
10.8 Environmental specifications ................................................................................................. 226
11. Broadband medium attachment unit and broadband medium specifications, type 10BROAD36 .. 227
11.1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................... 227
11.2 MAU functional specifications .............................................................................................. 230
11.3 MAU characteristics............................................................................................................... 237
11.4 System considerations ............................................................................................................ 251
11.5 Characteristics of the coaxial cable system............................................................................ 252
11.6 Frequency translator requirements for the single-cable version ............................................ 253
11.7 Environmental specifications ................................................................................................. 253
12. Physical signaling, medium attachment, and baseband medium specifications, type 1BASE5...... 255
12.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 255
12.2 Architecture ............................................................................................................................ 256
12.3 DTE physical signaling (PLS) specification .......................................................................... 260
12.4 Hub specification.................................................................................................................... 267
12.5 Physical medium attachment (PMA) specification ................................................................ 274
12.6 Medium Dependent Interface (MDI) specification ................................................................ 282
xvi Copyright © 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved.
12.7 Cable medium characteristics ................................................................................................ 284
12.8 Special link specification ....................................................................................................... 287
12.9 Timing .................................................................................................................................... 287
12.10 Safety...................................................................................................................................... 289
13. System considerations for multisegment 10 Mb/s baseband networks ........................................... 291
13.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................ 291
13.2 Definitions .............................................................................................................................. 292
13.3 Transmission System Model 1 ............................................................................................... 292
13.4 Transmission System Model 2 ............................................................................................... 297
13.5 Full duplex topology limitations............................................................................................. 299
14. Twisted-pair medium attachment unit (MAU) and baseband medium, type 10BASE-T................ 300
14.1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................... 300
14.2 MAU functional specifications............................................................................................... 303
14.3 MAU electrical specifications ................................................................................................ 314
14.4 Characteristics of the simplex link segment ........................................................................... 323
14.5 MDI specification ................................................................................................................... 326
14.6 System considerations ............................................................................................................ 327
14.7 Environmental specifications ................................................................................................. 327
14.8 MAU labeling ......................................................................................................................... 330
14.9 Timing summary..................................................................................................................... 331
14.10Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) proforma for Clause 14,
Twisted-pair medium attachment unit (MAU) and baseband medium, type 10BASE-T ...... 332
15. Fiber optic medium and common elements of medium attachment units and star,
type 10BASE-F................................................................................................................................ 349
15.1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................... 349
15.2 MDI optical characteristics..................................................................................................... 354
15.3 Characteristics of the fiber optic medium............................................................................... 362
15.4 MAU reliability ...................................................................................................................... 365
15.5 MAU–AUI specification ........................................................................................................ 365
15.6 Environmental specifications ................................................................................................. 366
15.7 MAU labeling ......................................................................................................................... 367
15.8 Protocol implementation conformance statement (PICS) proforma for Clause 15,
Fiber optic medium and common elements of medium attachment units and star,
type 10BASE-F....................................................................................................................... 368
16. Fiber optic passive star and medium attachment unit, type 10BASE-FP ........................................ 373
16.1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................... 373
16.2 PMA interface messages ........................................................................................................ 374
16.3 10BASE-FP MAU functional specifications.......................................................................... 376
16.4 Timing summary..................................................................................................................... 390
16.5 10BASE-FP Star functional specifications............................................................................. 390
16.6 Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) proforma for Clause 16,
Fiber optic passive star and medium attachment unit, type 10BASE-FP............................... 392
Copyright © 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved. xvii
17. Fiber optic medium attachment unit, type 10BASE-FB.................................................................. 409
17.1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................... 409
17.2 PMA interface messages ........................................................................................................ 410
17.3 MAU functional specifications .............................................................................................. 412
17.4 Timing summary .................................................................................................................... 420
17.5 Protocol implementation conformance statement (PICS) proforma for Clause 17,
Fiber optic medium attachment unit, type 10BASE-FB ........................................................ 420
18. Fiber optic medium attachment unit, type 10BASE-FL .................................................................. 434
18.1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................... 434
18.2 PMA interface messages ........................................................................................................ 434
18.3 MAU functional specifications .............................................................................................. 436
18.4 Timing summary .................................................................................................................... 447
18.5 Protocol implementation conformance statement (PICS) proforma for Clause 18,
Fiber optic medium attachment unit, type 10BASE-FL ........................................................ 448
19. Layer Management for 10 Mb/s baseband repeaters ....................................................................... 463
19.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 463
19.2 Managed objects..................................................................................................................... 465
20. Layer Management for 10 Mb/s baseband medium attachment units ............................................. 480
20.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 480
20.2 Managed objects..................................................................................................................... 480
Annex A(informative) Additional reference material.................................................................................. 486
Annex B (informative) System guidelines................................................................................................... 489
Annex C (informative) State diagram, MAC sublayer ................................................................................ 512
Annex D (informative) Application context, selected medium specifications ............................................ 513
Annex E (informative) Receiver wavelength design considerations (FOIRL)............................................ 520
Annex F (normative) Additional attributes required for systems ................................................................ 521
Annex G (normative) Additional material required for conformance testing ............................................. 523
Annex H (normative) GDMO specifications for CSMA/CD managed objects .......................................... 524
SECTION TWO
21. Introduction to 100 Mb/s baseband networks, type 100BASE-T ........................................................ 1
21.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 1
21.2 References ................................................................................................................................. 3
21.3 Definitions................................................................................................................................. 3
21.4 Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................ 3
xviii Copyright © 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved.
21.5 State diagrams ........................................................................................................................... 3
21.6 Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) proforma ....................................... 4
21.7 Relation of 100BASE-T to other standards .............................................................................. 6
21.8 MAC delay constraints (exposed MII)...................................................................................... 8
22. Reconciliation Sublayer (RS) and Media Independent Interface (MII)............................................... 9
22.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 9
22.2 Functional specifications......................................................................................................... 11
22.3 Signal timing characteristics ................................................................................................... 36
22.4 Electrical characteristics.......................................................................................................... 38
22.5 Power supply........................................................................................................................... 42
22.6 Mechanical characteristics ...................................................................................................... 43
22.7 Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) proforma for Clause 22,
Reconciliation Sublayer (RS) and Media Independent Interface (MII).................................. 46
23. Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS), Physical Medium Attachment (PMA) sublayer and
baseband medium, type 100BASE-T4............................................................................................... 56
23.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................. 56
23.2 PCS functional specifications ................................................................................................. 60
23.3 PMA service interface............................................................................................................. 74
23.4 PMA functional specifications................................................................................................ 79
23.5 PMA electrical specifications ................................................................................................. 87
23.6 Link segment characteristics ................................................................................................. 100
23.7 MDI specification.................................................................................................................. 104
23.8 System considerations........................................................................................................... 105
23.9 Environmental specifications ................................................................................................ 105
23.10 PHY labeling......................................................................................................................... 107
23.11 Timing summary ................................................................................................................... 108
23.12 Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) proforma for Clause 23, Physical
Coding Sublayer (PCS), Physical Medium Attachment (PMA) sublayer, and baseband
medium, type 100BASE-T4.................................................................................................. 117
24. Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS) and Physical Medium Attachment (PMA) sublayer, type
100BASE-X ..................................................................................................................................... 132
24.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 132
24.2 Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS) .......................................................................................... 137
24.3 Physical Medium Attachment (PMA) sublayer .................................................................... 148
24.4 Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) sublayer service interface .......................................... 159
24.5 Compatibility considerations ................................................................................................ 162
24.6 Delay constraints................................................................................................................... 163
24.7 Environmental specifications ................................................................................................ 164
24.8 Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) proforma for Clause 24,
Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS) and Physical Medium Attachment (PMA) sublayer, type
100BASE-X .......................................................................................................................... 165
25. Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) sublayer and baseband medium, type 100BASE-TX........... 168
25.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 168
25.2 Functional specifications....................................................................................................... 168
25.3 General exceptions ................................................................................................................ 168
25.4 Specific requirements and exceptions................................................................................... 169
Copyright © 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved. xix
25.5 Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) proforma for Clause 25,
Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) sublayer and baseband medium, type
100BASE-TX........................................................................................................................ 173
26. Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) sublayer and baseband medium, type 100BASE-FX........... 176
26.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 176
26.2 Functional specifications....................................................................................................... 176
26.3 General exceptions ................................................................................................................ 176
26.4 Specific requirements and exceptions................................................................................... 177
26.5 Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) proforma for Clause 26,
Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) sublayer and baseband medium,
type 100BASE-FX ................................................................................................................ 178
27. Repeater for 100 Mb/s baseband networks...................................................................................... 180
27.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 180
27.2 PMA interface messages ....................................................................................................... 182
27.3 Repeater functional specifications ........................................................................................ 182
27.4 Repeater electrical specifications.......................................................................................... 201
27.5 Environmental specifications ................................................................................................ 201
27.6 Repeater labeling................................................................................................................... 203
27.7 Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) proforma for Clause 27,
Repeater for 100 Mb/s baseband networks ........................................................................... 204
28. Physical Layer link signaling for 10 Mb/s, 100 Mb/s, and 1000 Mb/s Auto-Negotiation on
twisted pair....................................................................................................................................... 213
28.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 213
28.2 Functional specifications....................................................................................................... 216
28.3 State diagrams and variable definitions ................................................................................ 234
28.4 Electrical specifications ........................................................................................................ 246
28.5 Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) proforma for Clause 28,
Physical Layer link signaling for 10 Mb/s, 100 Mb/s, and 1000 Mb/s Auto-Negotiation
on twisted pair ....................................................................................................................... 247
28.6 Auto-Negotiation expansion ................................................................................................. 260
29. System considerations for multisegment 100BASE-T networks..................................................... 261
29.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 261
29.2 Transmission System Model 1 .............................................................................................. 263
29.3 Transmission System Model 2 .............................................................................................. 263
29.4 Full duplex 100 Mb/s topology limitations........................................................................... 268
30. 10 Mb/s, 100 Mb/s, 1000 Mb/s, MAC Control, and Link Aggregation Management .................... 269
30.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 269
30.2 Managed objects.................................................................................................................... 272
30.3 Layer management for DTEs ................................................................................................ 288
30.4 Layer management for 10, 100, and 1000 Mb/s baseband repeaters..................................... 301
30.5 Layer management for 10, 100, and 1000 Mb/s medium attachment units (MAUs)............ 312
30.6 Management for link Auto-Negotiation ................................................................................ 317
30.7 Management for Link Aggregation ....................................................................................... 320
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