$$^{36}\text{Cl}$$衰变率：PTB与BNL的广义Lomb-Scargle分析对比

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本文主要探讨了对$$ \mathrm{^{36} Cl} $$ 放射性衰变率测量数据的最新研究，该研究是由Pomme等人在2017年Solar Physics期刊上发表的，文章号为292:162。这项工作关注的是对Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) 和Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) 提供的$$ \mathrm{^{36} Cl} $$ 数据进行广义Lomb-Scargle分析，目的是检验Sturrock及其团队关于太阳中微子流量因太阳自转导致的调制对BNL测量的β衰变率影响的理论。 Lomb-Scargle分析是一种统计方法，常用于非均匀时间序列数据中的周期性信号检测。通过对PTB和BNL的$$ \mathrm{^{36} Cl} $$ 衰变数据进行这种分析，研究人员试图寻找可能存在的因太阳活动引起的周期性变化。原始研究发现，在频率范围0.2到20年之间，没有观察到显著的正弦波形调制，这与Sturrock模型的预测不符。本文作者Akanksha Dhaygudea和Shantanu Desai独立地进行了这项分析，他们使用了广义Lomb-Scargle期ogram来搜索每年0到14周期内的潜在信号，并通过多种方法评估每个峰值的显著性。他们的工作不仅重复了先前的研究，而且扩展了分析范围，旨在提供更为严谨的结果。结果显示，经过他们团队的分析，未在PTB和BNL的数据中发现与太阳自转相关的明显信号，进一步否定了Sturrock模型的某些预测。这篇文章提供了对太阳中微子效应在$$ \mathrm{^{36} Cl} $$ 放射性衰变率观测中的最新实验检验，以及采用广义Lomb-Scargle方法进行数据分析的方法论细节。这一研究对于理解太阳活动对宇宙线粒子行为的影响以及核物理在天体物理学中的应用具有重要意义。其开放获取的特性使得科学家们可以自由访问和进一步探讨这一领域的研究进展。

Eur. Phys. J. C (2020) 80:96

https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-7683-6

Regular Article - Experimental Physics

Generalized Lomb–Scargle analysis of

Cl decay rate

measurements at PTB and BNL

Akanksha Dhaygude

, Shantanu Desai

Department of Physics, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana 502285, India

Received: 18 December 2019 / Accepted: 26 January 2020

Abstract Recently Pomme et al. (Solar Phys 292:162,

2017) did an analysis of

Cl radioactive decay data from

measurements at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt

(PTB), in order to verify the claims by Sturrock and col-

laborators of an inﬂuence on beta-decay rates measured at

Brookhaven National Lab (BNL) due to the rotation-induced

modulation of the solar neutrino ﬂux. Their analysis excluded

any sinusoidal modulations in the frequency range from 0.2

to 20/year. We carry out an independent analysis of the same

PTB and BNL data, using the generalized Lomb–Scargle

periodogram to look for any statistically signiﬁcant peaks in

the range from 0 to 14 per year, and by evaluating the sig-

niﬁcance of every peak using multiple methods. Our results

for the PTB data are in agreement with those by Pomme

et al. For BNL data, we do ﬁnd peaks at some of the same

frequencies as Sturrock et al., but the signiﬁcance is much

lower. All our analysis codes and datasets have been made

publicly available.

1 Introduction

Sturrock and collaborators have argued in a number of works

over more than a decade (eg. Refs. [2–4] and references

therein) that beta decay rates for a large number of nuclei

exhibit variability and show periodicities at multiple frequen-

cies, some of which have been associated with solar rotation

as well as other processes in the solar core. They have also

found similar peaks at 12.7 per year in the Super-K solar

neutrino ﬂux (from the ﬁrst 5 years of data) [5], which they

have argued to be due effects of solar rotation. Furthermore,

they have correlated the two sets of ﬁndings, and argued for

an inﬂuence of solar neutrinos on beta-decay rates.

However, many other groups have failed to reproduce the

periodicities in the beta-decay results, while analyzing the

e-mail: ep15btech11005@iith.ac.in

e-mail: shntn05@gmail.com

same data as well as decays of the same elements from other

experiments. A review of some of these claims and rejoinders

can be found in Refs. [3,6,7]. In our previous works, we have

also carried out an independent analysis of some of these

claims and found evidence of periodicities at some of the

same frequencies as found by Sturrock et al., albeit with a

lower signiﬁcance [8,9].

In this work, we focus on addressing the claimed period-

icities in the beta decay rates of

Cl. Sturrock et al. [10]have

argued for periodicities with periods at 1/year and 12.7/year

(or 28.7 days) in the

Cl decay rates of the Brookhaven

National Lab [11] counting experiment. They have argued

that the peak at 12.7/year is indicative of the synodic rotation

rate of the radiative zone of the Sun, since it matches the value

of 28.7 days determined using helioseismology [12,13].

These results were rebutted by Pomme et al. [1], who

found no evidence for periodicities in the decay rates of

Cl using more accurate measurements at Physikalisch-

Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig (PTB), obtained

using the triple-to-double coincidence ratio measurement

techniques [6]. Pomme [14,15] has also raised concerns

about the detectorstabilityand control of experimentaluncer-

tainties in the BNL measurements, which are now more than

three decades old. Furthermore, the invariability of the decay

constants for

Cl was also demonstrated using triple-to-

double coincidence ratio measurements [16], to refute claims

of oscillations ascribed to the changes in Earth–Sun distance.

In this work, we independently try to adjudicate the con-

ﬂicting results between these two works by doing an inde-

pendent analysis of the beta decay residual data from both the

BNL and PTB measurements (which were kindly provided to

us by S. Pomme) using the Generalized Lomb–Scargle peri-

odogram [17–19]. We search the frequency range between 0

and 14/year (or up to 26 days), since this covers the frequency

range associated with solar rotation [10,20]. We calculate

the signiﬁcance of the peaks using all the available methods

provided in the astropy [21] library used to calculate the

Lomb–Scargle periodogram.

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