Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise 15.0 Transact-SQL 用户指南

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"Transact-SQL User’s Guide是针对Adaptive Server Enterprise 15.0的一本指南，由Sybase公司在2005年10月发布。这本书详细介绍了Transact-SQL语言的使用，涵盖了从基础到高级的各个方面。Transact-SQL是SQL Server中的扩展SQL语法，用于数据库管理和应用程序开发。文档内容可能包括查询、数据操作、存储过程、触发器、事务处理等关键概念。该指南的所有权和版权归Sybase公司所有，其使用和复制必须遵循所提供的软件许可协议条款。指南的内容可能会随着软件的更新而变化，用户在使用时应关注最新的技术说明或更新版。对于美国和加拿大的客户，可以通过拨打客户服务电话或发送传真来获取更多文档；其他国家的客户需联系当地的Sybase子公司或分销商。请注意，只有在正式的软件发布日期，才能获取升级服务。此出版物的内容受到严格的版权保护，未经Sybase公司事先书面许可，不得以任何形式复制、传播或翻译。这表明对知识产权的尊重和维护是至关重要的，违反这些规定可能会导致法律问题。" 《Transact-SQL User’s Guide》是SQL数据库管理员和开发者的重要参考资料，它详细解释了如何使用Transact-SQL进行数据库交互。这个语言是SQL Server平台的核心部分，允许用户执行复杂的查询、定义和管理数据库对象、控制数据访问以及实现存储过程和触发器等高级功能。通过学习本书，读者可以掌握创建、修改和删除数据库表，执行查询以获取数据，以及管理数据库事务等基本技能。此外，Transact-SQL还支持动态SQL，使得在运行时构建和执行SQL语句成为可能，这对于开发灵活的应用程序非常有用。书中可能还会涵盖错误处理、性能优化、安全性设置以及与.NET和Java等其他编程语言的集成等内容。《Transact-SQL User’s Guide》是SQL Server环境中的必备参考资料，无论你是初学者还是经验丰富的专业人员，都能从中受益，提升你的数据库管理和编程能力。

Contents

xvi

Adaptive Server Enterprise

CHAPTER 19 Triggers: Enforcing Referential Integrity................................... 667

How triggers work ........................................................................ 667

Using triggers vs. integrity constraints................................... 668

Creating triggers........................................................................... 669

create trigger syntax.............................................................. 670

Using triggers to maintain referential integrity.............................. 671

Testing data modifications against the trigger test tables ..... 672

Insert trigger example............................................................ 674

Delete trigger examples ........................................................ 675

Update trigger examples ....................................................... 677

Multirow considerations................................................................ 682

Insert trigger example using multiple rows............................ 682

Delete trigger example using multiple rows........................... 683

Update trigger example using multiple rows ......................... 684

Conditional insert trigger example using multiple rows ......... 685

Rolling back triggers..................................................................... 686

Nesting triggers ............................................................................ 688

Trigger self-recursion ............................................................ 689

Rules associated with triggers ..................................................... 691

Triggers and permissions...................................................... 691

Trigger restrictions................................................................. 691

Implicit and explicit null values .............................................. 692

Triggers and performance..................................................... 693

set commands in triggers ...................................................... 694

Renaming and triggers.......................................................... 694

Trigger tips ............................................................................ 694

Disabling triggers ......................................................................... 695

Dropping triggers.......................................................................... 696

Getting information about triggers................................................ 696

sp_help.................................................................................. 697

sp_helptext............................................................................ 697

sp_depends........................................................................... 698

CHAPTER 20 Transactions: Maintaining Data Consistency and Recovery .. 701

How transactions work ................................................................. 701

Transactions and consistency............................................... 703

Transactions and recovery.................................................... 704

Using transactions........................................................................ 704

Allowing data definition commands in transactions............... 705

System procedures that are not allowed in transactions....... 707

Beginning and committing transactions................................. 707

Rolling back and saving transactions.................................... 708

Checking the state of transactions ........................................ 710

Nested transactions............................................................... 711

Contents

Transact-SQL User’s Guide xvii

Example of a transaction....................................................... 712

Selecting the transaction mode and isolation level ...................... 713

Choosing a transaction mode................................................ 713

Choosing an isolation level.................................................... 715

Compliance with SQL standards........................................... 723

Using the lock table command to improve performance ....... 723

Using transactions in stored procedures and triggers.................. 724

Errors and transaction rollbacks............................................ 725

Transaction modes and stored procedures........................... 729

Using cursors in transactions ....................................................... 731

Issues to consider when using transactions................................. 732

Backup and recovery of transactions........................................... 733

CHAPTER 21 Locking Commands and Options.............................................. 735

Setting a time limit on waiting for locks ........................................ 735

wait/nowait option of the lock table command....................... 736

Setting a session-level lock-wait limit.................................... 737

Setting a server-wide lock-wait limit ...................................... 737

Information on the number of lock-wait timeouts................... 738

Readpast locking for queue processing ....................................... 738

readpast syntax..................................................................... 739

Incompatible locks during readpast queries .......................... 739

Allpages-locked tables and readpast queries........................ 739

Effects of isolation levels select queries with readpast ......... 740

Data modification commands with readpast and isolation levels .

740

text, unitext, and image columns and readpast..................... 741

Readpast-locking examples .................................................. 741

APPENDIX A The pubs2 Database................................................................... 743

Tables in the pubs2 database...................................................... 743

publishers table ..................................................................... 743

authors table.......................................................................... 744

titles table .............................................................................. 745

titleauthor table...................................................................... 746

salesdetail table..................................................................... 747

sales table ............................................................................. 749

stores table............................................................................ 749

roysched table ....................................................................... 749

discounts table ...................................................................... 750

blurbs table............................................................................ 750

au_pix table........................................................................... 751

Diagram of the pubs2 database ................................................... 751

xx Adaptive Server Enterprise

The examples in this guide are based on the pubs2 and, where noted, pubs3

sample databases. For best use of the Transact-SQL User’s Guide, new users

should work through the examples. Ask your System Administrator how to get

a clean copy of

pubs2 and pubs3. For a complete description of these databases,

see Appendix A, “The pubs2 Database,” and Appendix B, “The pubs3

Database.”

You can use Transact-SQL with the Adaptive Server standalone program

isql.

The

isql program is a utility program called directly from the operating system.

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