ZigBee无线网络与传输器基础解析 - CSDN文库

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"Newnes.ZigBee.Wireless.Networks.and.Transceivers.Sep.2008.eBook-DDU.pdf" 是一本关于ZigBee无线网络和收发器的专业书籍，由Shahin Farahani撰写，旨在深入探讨ZigBee技术及其在无线通信中的应用。书中首先介绍了ZigBee基础，ZigBee是一种低功耗、低成本的无线通信标准，主要用于短距离通信。它与蓝牙和IEEE 802.11进行了比较，其中ZigBee特别适合低数据速率和大规模设备网络。书中提到了ZigBee与IEEE 802.15.4标准的关系，后者是ZigBee的技术基础，主要关注2.4GHz、868MHz和915MHz频段的操作以及不同数据传输速率。章节1详细讨论了ZigBee的特性，包括其互操作性、设备类型（如协调器、路由器和终端设备）以及各自的角色。ZigBee网络可以采用星形、树形或网状拓扑结构。书中的1.10节讲解了ZigBee通信的基础，如载波监听多址接入/冲突避免（CSMA-CA）、有信标和无信标网络的区别、数据传输方法、数据验证、地址解析以及安全机制。书中还涉及了ZigBee的自组网和自愈特性，使得网络能自动形成和修复故障。此外，1.14节阐述了ZigBee的网络层功能，包括物理层（PHY）、媒体访问控制层（MAC）、网络层（NWK）和应用支撑层（APL）。安全方面，ZigBee提供了加密和身份验证功能。 ZigBee网关在ZigBee网络和外部网络（如互联网）之间起着桥梁作用，而ZigBee隐喻则帮助读者更好地理解ZigBee如何适应各种应用场景。书中的第二章通过家庭自动化等实例展示了ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4网络的具体应用，如安全系统和计量读取系统。这本书是ZigBee技术的全面指南，涵盖了从基本概念到实际应用的各个层面，对于理解ZigBee无线网络及其在物联网中的作用非常有价值。

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Foreword

ZigBee

®

Wireless Technology is the leading global standard for implementing low-cost,

low-data-rate, short-range wireless networks with extended battery life. The ZigBee

Alliance is an association of companies working together to enable reliable, cost-

effective, low-power, wirelessly networked monitoring and control products based on an

open global standard. The specification documents released by the ZigBee Alliance and

IEEE 802.15 WPAN Working Group are the official sources for implementing ZigBee

and IEEE 802.15.4-based wireless networks. However, these lengthy documents can be

overwhelming for people with time constraints or technical backgrounds that are more

product-focused. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive resource that not only

contains the in-depth technical information but also provides high-level overviews of

the fundamentals of ZigBee wireless networking. This book, by Dr. Shahin Farahani,

addresses this need with a concise tutorial on ZigBee technology.

This book provides a complete picture of ZigBee wireless networking, from radio

frequency (RF) and Physical layer (PHY) considerations up to Application layer

development. The book is very well organized and the materials are easy to follow, with

well-balanced coverage of the protocol. In addition, Chapter 3 of this book contains the

frequently used IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee tables and frame formats and can act as a

quick reference for these standards.

This book serves as an introduction to IEEE 802.15.4, the ZigBee standard and its

applications. Just as important, the content is sufficiently thorough to provide deep

understanding of the practical considerations of implementing any size ZigBee wireless

network. For example, one of the more interesting potentials for the technology within

the “ intelligent RFID ” space is to allow the ability to estimate the location of objects

or personnel. Chapter 7 of this book is a good introduction to various approaches that

xviii Preface

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the fundamentals of the ZigBee and IEEE 802.15.4 standard are reviewed. Chapter 2 is

brief and provides a number of ZigBee wireless networking examples, including home

automation, consumer electronics, and healthcare.

Chapter 3 is a detailed description of IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee protocol layers,

including security features. This chapter acts as a summary of the IEEE 802.15.4 and

ZigBee standard documents. Chapter 3 provides information regarding the 2007 edition

of the ZigBee standard, whenever needed, along with the 2006 edition. Appendix D

summarizes some of the differences between ZigBee-Pro (2007) and ZigBee-2006. If the

level of detail in Chapter 3 exceeds your interest or background, you can skip that chapter

and continue with Chapter 4 as long as you have read Chapter 1.

Basic information regarding transceivers developed for the IEEE 802.15.4 standard is

provided in Chapter 4. An IEEE 802.15.4-compliant transceiver must meet specific

requirements outlined in the standard itself. This chapter helps in understanding these

requirements and in comparing and contrasting performance of various transceivers.

In a wireless sensor network (WSN), the sensor output is an analog signal and must

be converted to digital. The basics of analog-to-digital to converters (ADCs) and their

performance metrics are provided in Chapter 4.

Chapter 5 studies the effect of environment on a ZigBee wireless network. In reality,

the performance of a wireless network can be affected by the environment. Chapter 5

provides a number of techniques that can be used to mitigate performance degradation

due to environment. Range estimation and the methods that can be used to improve

the range are also covered in Chapter 5. The antenna can be designed specifically for

each application scenario and may greatly affect the performance of a wireless node.

Fundamental properties of antennas and some of the basic antenna shapes used in short-

range wireless networks are provided in Chapter 5. Regulatory requirements in North

America, Europe, and Japan are also reviewed in this chapter.

A battery-powered node developed for ZigBee wireless networking may operate for

several years before its battery must be replaced. The expected battery life depends on the

application scenario, and Chapter 6 provides a simple way of calculating the estimated

battery life. Battery life is not only a function of hardware-level performance of each

node but also depends on the operation efficiency of the network. Chapter 6 reviews both

hardware- and network-level battery life extension methods.

One of the applications of short-range wireless networking is estimating the location of

moving objects. Chapter 7 provides a number of methods that can be used for location

Preface xix

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estimation using a ZigBee network. In contrast to a global positioning system (GPS), the

short-range location-estimation methods rely solely on the information gathered locally

from other nearby nodes to estimate the location of a moving object.

ZigBee networks operate in an unlicensed band, shared by many other wireless networks

such as WiFi™ for wireless Internet access. Chapter 8 provides an introduction to a

coexistence mechanism and reviews some of the methods used in IEEE 802.15.4 wireless

networking to increase the robustness of the network to interferences. Chapter 9 reviews

some of alternative short-range wireless networking standards, including IPv6 over IEEE

802.15.4 and WirelessHART™. This book contains five appendices. The summary of

the differences between ZigBee-Pro/2007 and ZigBee-2006 is provided in appendix D.

Appendix E reviews the building blocks inside a transceiver using a tutorial approach.

Appendix E is not a prerequisite for Chapter 4.

Supplements

This book comes with a dedicated Website ( www.LearnZigBee.com ) instead of a

companion CD. The applications of short-range wireless networking are growing and

the associated standards and regulations may change over time. A dedicated Website for

the book allows us to provide up-to-date information to readers even after the book is

published. You can also post questions or comments on the LearnZigBee.com Website.

The content of the Website includes, but is not limited to, the following:

●

A simple spreadsheet (calculator) for range and battery life analysis

●

Links to useful tools and additional materials

●

Links to standard documents, including the latest versions of IEEE 802.15.4 and

ZigBee standards

●

Links to regulatory requirements documents, including FCC and ETSI

●

Links to related datasheets (e.g., IEEE 802.15.4 transceivers)

●

Additional references for short-range wireless networking

The simple spreadsheet (calculator) we mentioned was created based on the materials

discussed in this book. For example, you can use this spreadsheet to calculate the

expected battery life of a node or estimate the range improvement if an external power

amplifier (PA) is added to a node. Although the spreadsheet is simple and

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