IEEE 802标准详解与 metropolitan网络架构

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“IEEE STD 802 -2014”是关于局域网和城域网的标准概述与架构的文档，由IEEE LAN/MAN标准委员会赞助。这个标准是对2001年版本的IEEE Std 802的修订版。该文档可能包含了对网络协议、拓扑结构、通信协议和网络设计原则的详细描述。正文： IEEE Std 802是一个广泛认可的系列标准，由IEEE（电气和电子工程师协会）制定，主要关注局域网（LAN）和城域网（MAN）的技术规范。2014年的修订版，即IEEE Std 802-2014，旨在更新和改进原有的2001年版本，以适应快速发展的网络技术环境。此标准涵盖了多个子标准，每个子标准都针对特定的网络技术，例如： 1. **IEEE 802.11**：无线局域网（WLAN）标准，定义了Wi-Fi技术，包括不同速率、频段（如2.4GHz和5GHz）以及安全协议（如WPA、WPA2）。 2. **IEEE 802.3**：以太网标准，包括传统10Mbps、100Mbps、1Gbps、10Gbps甚至更快的速率，定义了物理层（PHY）和媒体访问控制层（MAC）。 3. **IEEE 802.15**：个人局域网（PAN）标准，包括蓝牙技术和其他短距离无线通信规范。 4. **IEEE 802.16**：宽带无线接入（WiMAX）标准，用于城域范围的无线连接。 5. **IEEE 802.1Q**：虚拟桥接局域网（VLAN）标准，用于在以太网网络中划分和管理多个逻辑网络。 6. **IEEE 802.1X**：端口访问控制协议，提供基于端口的身份验证，用于网络安全和访问控制。 7. **IEEE 802.11n** 和 **802.11ac**：这些是802.11标准的增强版本，分别引入了高带宽的MIMO（多输入多输出）技术和超高速无线连接。 IEEE Std 802-2014可能涉及的内容包括网络的物理层（PHY）和数据链路层（DLL），特别是MAC子层的详细规定，以及如何在局域网和城域网环境中实现高效、可靠的数据传输。此外，标准还可能涵盖网络互操作性、网络管理和安全性方面的指导原则。标准的修订通常意味着对现有技术的更新，以应对新的挑战，比如更高的数据传输速度需求、更复杂的网络环境、增强的安全性要求以及新兴技术的集成，例如物联网（IoT）设备的连接。因此，IEEE Std 802-2014对于网络设计者、工程师、制造商和网络管理员来说是至关重要的参考文献，它确保了不同设备和系统的兼容性和标准化，促进了全球网络基础设施的稳定发展。

Introduction

This document is the third major revision of the IEEE 802

overview and architecture. This revision

integrates two earlier amendments, IEEE Std 802a™-2003 (covering Ethertypes for prototype and vendor-

specific protocol development) and IEEE Std 802b™-2004 (covering registration of object identifiers),

into

the previous major revision of the standard, IEEE Std 802

-2001. In addition, there has been extensive

rework in this document to bring forward the practice of protocol identification using the EtherType. While

the protocol identification mechanism specified by ISO/IEC 8802-2 (IEEE Std 802.2™, withdrawn) is still

used, its use for new standards has been deprecated. Further, material about physical layer addressing and

universal addressing has been added along with information about the IEEE Registration Authority (RA) to

facilitate user procurement of address assignments.

Since the 2001 revision of this standard, the IEEE 802 standards and working groups have undergone many

changes. IEEE Std 802.5™ was withdrawn; therefore, references to it have been removed from this revision.

IEEE Std 802 has also been broadened to include a variety of wireless standards; therefore, a new

informative annex has been added to address the variety of IEEE 802 standards (

Annex D). Data rates for

IEEE 802 standards now range from tens of kilobits per second to hundreds of gigabits per second and

encompass copper, optical fiber, wireless, and free-space optical media.

With the diversity of IEEE 802 standards, another goal of this revision was to bring the reference models

from these various standards into this standard. This consolidation enables the user to quickly see the

differences and similarities of the architecture of IEEE 802 standards. The reference models are included in

a new informative annex (

Annex B).

This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 802-2014, IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks:

Overview and Architecture.

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Contents

1. Overview.............................................................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Scope.......................................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Purpose....................................................................................................................................... 1

2. Normative references........................................................................................................................... 2

3. Definitions, acronyms and abbreviations............................................................................................. 3

3.1 Definitions ................................................................................................................................. 3

3.2 Acronyms and abbreviations ..................................................................................................... 5

4. Family of IEEE 802 standards ............................................................................................................. 7

4.1 Key concepts.............................................................................................................................. 7

4.2 Application and support............................................................................................................. 8

4.3 An international family of standards .........................................................................................9

4.4 IEEE 802 standards.................................................................................................................... 9

5. Reference models (RMs) ................................................................................................................... 11

5.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 11

5.2 RM description for end stations............................................................................................... 12

5.2.1 SAPs............................................................................................................................. 13

5.2.2 LLC sublayer ...............................................................................................................13

5.2.3 MAC sublayer.............................................................................................................. 14

5.2.4 PHY ............................................................................................................................. 14

5.2.5 Layer and sublayer management ................................................................................. 15

5.3 Interconnection and interworking............................................................................................ 15

5.3.1 Interconnection at the PHY.......................................................................................... 15

5.3.2 MAC-sublayer interconnection: Bridges ..................................................................... 15

5.3.3 Network-layer interconnection: Routers...................................................................... 18

6. General requirements for an IEEE 802 network................................................................................ 19

6.1 Services supported ................................................................................................................... 19

6.2 Error ratios ............................................................................................................................... 19

6.3 Transient service interruption .................................................................................................. 19

6.4 Regulatory requirements.......................................................................................................... 19

7. IEEE 802 network management ........................................................................................................ 20

7.1 General..................................................................................................................................... 20

7.2 General-purpose IEEE 802 network management................................................................... 20

7.2.1 Management functions................................................................................................. 20

7.2.2 Management architecture............................................................................................. 20

7.2.3 Managed object definitions.......................................................................................... 21

7.3 Special-purpose IEEE 802 network management standards ................................................... 21

8. MAC addresses .................................................................................................................................. 22

8.1 Terms and notational conventions ........................................................................................... 22

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