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首页ACPI规范5.0详解:最新修订与技术细节
ACPI规范5.0详解:最新修订与技术细节
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更新于2024-07-20
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ACPI规范5.0,全称为"Advanced Configuration and Power Interface Specification",是由Hewlett-Packard Corporation(惠普)、Intel Corporation(英特尔)、Microsoft Corporation(微软)、Phoenix Technologies Ltd.(凤凰科技)以及Toshiba Corporation(东芝)共同制定的一份标准。该规范旨在提供一种高级的配置和电源管理接口,用于在计算机系统中管理和优化硬件资源,包括处理器、内存、电源状态以及系统设备的配置信息。
版本5.0 Errata A是在2013年11月13日发布的,它可能包含了对先前版本的修正和更新,以适应不断发展的技术需求和兼容性改进。这个规范对于确保不同厂商生产的硬件设备之间的兼容性,提升系统的能效管理,以及优化操作系统和硬件的交互至关重要。
ACPI规定了如何通过标准的方式来定义电源状态,使得操作系统可以更有效地控制设备的休眠、睡眠、待机等模式,同时也支持在低功耗状态下保持关键服务的运行。它涵盖的范围广泛,包括处理器特性描述、内存管理、电池管理系统(Battery Management)以及嵌入式控制器的配置信息交换。
值得注意的是,尽管ACPI规范提供了重要的技术指导,但它以"AS IS"形式提供,不附带任何形式的保证,包括但不限于适销性、特定用途的适用性或因实施本规范中信息而产生的其他任何保证。此外,规范中明确声明,任何关于知识产权的许可,无论是明示的还是暗示的,都不通过这份文档授予,这意味着用户在使用过程中需要遵守相应的许可条款,以避免侵犯他人的知识产权。
ACPI 5.0规范是现代计算机系统设计和管理中的一个重要组成部分,它促进了硬件间的标准化交互,提高了系统的能效并简化了软件开发者的工作。但同时,理解和遵循规范的要求,尤其是在处理版权和知识产权问题时,对于正确实施和利用这一技术至关重要。
x Hewlett-Packard/Intel/Microsoft/Phoenix/Toshiba
7.4 OSPM usage of _PTS, _TTS, and _WAK..................................................................... 379
8
Processor Configuration and Control ......................................................381
8.1 Processor Power States ............................................................................................... 381
8.1.1 Processor Power State C0................................................................................ 383
8.1.2 Processor Power State C1................................................................................ 385
8.1.3 Processor Power State C2................................................................................ 385
8.1.4 Processor Power State C3................................................................................ 385
8.1.5 Additional Processor Power States................................................................... 386
8.2 Flushing Caches ........................................................................................................... 387
8.3 Power, Performance, and Throttling State Dependencies............................................ 388
8.4 Declaring Processors................................................................................................. 389
8.4.1 _PDC (Processor Driver Capabilities)............................................................... 389
8.4.2 Processor Power State Control......................................................................... 391
8.4.3 Processor Throttling Controls............................................................................ 396
8.4.4 Processor Performance Control........................................................................ 403
8.4.5 Collaborative Processor Performance Control.................................................. 410
8.4.6 _PPE (Polling for Platform Errors) .................................................................... 423
8.5 Processor Aggregator Device....................................................................................... 423
8.5.1 Logical Processor Idling.................................................................................... 424
8.5.2 OSPM _OST Evaluation ................................................................................... 425
9
ACPI-Defined Devices and Device-Specific Objects.............................. 427
9.1 \_SI System Indicators.................................................................................................. 427
9.1.1 _SST (System Status)....................................................................................... 427
9.1.2 _MSG (Message).............................................................................................. 427
9.1.3 _BLT (Battery Level Threshold) ........................................................................ 428
9.2 Ambient Light Sensor Device........................................................................................ 428
9.2.1 Overview ........................................................................................................... 429
9.2.2 _ALI (Ambient Light Illuminance) ...................................................................... 429
9.2.3 _ALT (Ambient Light Temperature)................................................................... 430
9.2.4 _ALC (Ambient Light Color Chromaticity) ......................................................... 430
9.2.5 _ALR (Ambient Light Response)....................................................................... 431
9.2.6 _ALP (Ambient Light Polling) ............................................................................ 435
9.2.7 Ambient Light Sensor Events............................................................................ 435
9.2.8 Relationship to Backlight Control Methods ....................................................... 436
9.3 Battery Device............................................................................................................... 436
9.4 Control Method Lid Device............................................................................................ 436
9.4.1 _LID................................................................................................................... 436
9.5 Control Method Power and Sleep Button Devices........................................................ 437
9.6 Embedded Controller Device........................................................................................ 437
9.7 Generic Container Device............................................................................................. 437
9.8 ATA Controller Devices................................................................................................. 438
9.8.1 Objects for Both ATA and SATA Controllers..................................................... 438
9.8.2 IDE Controller Device........................................................................................ 439
9.8.3 Serial ATA (SATA) Controller Device................................................................ 442
Advanced Configuration and Power Interface Specification
Hewlett-Packard/Intel/Microsoft/Phoenix/Toshiba xi
9.9 Floppy Controller Device Objects ................................................................................. 444
9.9.1 _FDE (Floppy Disk Enumerate) ........................................................................ 444
9.9.2 _FDI (Floppy Disk Information) ......................................................................... 445
9.9.3 _FDM (Floppy Disk Drive Mode)....................................................................... 446
9.10 GPE Block Device....................................................................................................... 446
9.10.1 Matching Control Methods for Events in a GPE Block Device........................ 447
9.11 Module Device ............................................................................................................ 448
9.12 Memory Devices ......................................................................................................... 451
9.12.1 Address Decoding........................................................................................... 451
9.12.2 Memory Bandwidth Monitoring and Reporting................................................ 451
9.12.3 _OSC Definition for Memory Device ............................................................... 453
9.12.4 Example: Memory Device ............................................................................... 454
9.13 _UPC (USB Port Capabilities) .................................................................................... 454
9.13.1 USB 2.0 Host Controllers and _UPC and _PLD ............................................. 458
9.14 Device Object Name Collision .................................................................................... 460
9.14.1 _DSM (Device Specific Method) ..................................................................... 460
9.15 PC/AT RTC/CMOS Devices ....................................................................................... 463
9.15.1 PC/AT-compatible RTC/CMOS Devices (PNP0B00)...................................... 463
9.15.3 Dallas Semiconductor-compatible RTC/CMOS Devices (PNP0B02) ............. 465
9.16 User Presence Detection Device................................................................................ 465
9.16.1 _UPD (User Presence Detect)........................................................................ 466
9.16.2 _UPP (User Presence Polling)........................................................................ 466
9.16.3 User Presence Sensor Events........................................................................ 467
9.17 I/O APIC Device.......................................................................................................... 467
9.18 Time and Alarm Device............................................................................................... 467
9.18.2 _GCP (Get Capability) .................................................................................... 471
9.18.3 _GRT (Get Real Time).................................................................................... 472
9.18.4 _SRT (Set Real Time)..................................................................................... 472
9.18.5 _GWS (Get Wake alarm status)...................................................................... 474
9.18.6 _CWS (Clear Wake alarm status)................................................................... 474
9.18.7 _STP (Set Expired Timer Wake Policy) .......................................................... 474
9.18.8 _STV (Set Timer Value).................................................................................. 475
9.18.9 _TIP (Expired Timer Wake Policy).................................................................. 475
9.18.10 _TIV (Timer Values)...................................................................................... 476
9.18.11 ACPI Wakeup Alarm Events ......................................................................... 476
9.18.12 Relationship to Real Time Clock Alarm ....................................................... 476
9.18.13 Time and Alarm device as a replacement to the RTC .................................. 476
9.18.14 Relationship to UEFI time source.................................................................. 476
9.18.15 Example ASL code ....................................................................................... 477
10
Power Source and Power Meter Devices .................................................483
10.1 Smart Battery Subsystems ......................................................................................... 483
10.1.1 ACPI Smart Battery Status Change Notification Requirements...................... 486
10.1.2 Smart Battery Objects..................................................................................... 487
10.1.3 _SBS (Smart Battery Subsystem) .................................................................. 488
10.2 Control Method Batteries ............................................................................................ 490
xii Hewlett-Packard/Intel/Microsoft/Phoenix/Toshiba
10.2.1 Battery Events................................................................................................. 491
10.2.2 Battery Control Methods ................................................................................. 491
10.3 AC Adapters and Power Source Objects.................................................................... 504
10.3.1 _PSR (Power Source)..................................................................................... 504
10.3.2 _PCL (Power Consumer List) ......................................................................... 505
10.3.3 _PIF (Power Source Information).................................................................... 505
10.3.4 _PRL (Power Source Redundancy List) ......................................................... 506
10.4 Power Meters.............................................................................................................. 506
10.4.1 _PMC (Power Meter Capabilities)................................................................... 507
10.4.2 _PTP (Power Trip Points) ............................................................................... 508
10.4.3 _PMM (Power Meter Measurement)............................................................... 509
10.4.4 _PAI (Power Averaging Interval)..................................................................... 509
10.4.5 _GAI (Get Averaging Interval)......................................................................... 510
10.4.6 _SHL (Set Hardware Limit) ............................................................................. 510
10.4.7 _GHL (Get Hardware Limit) ............................................................................ 511
10.4.8 _PMD (Power Metered Devices)..................................................................... 511
10.5 Example: Power Source and Power Meter Namespace............................................ 511
11
Thermal Management.................................................................................513
11.1 Thermal Control .......................................................................................................... 513
11.1.1 Active, Passive, and Critical Policies .............................................................. 514
11.1.2 Dynamically Changing Cooling Temperature Trip Points ............................... 515
11.1.3 Detecting Temperature Changes.................................................................... 516
11.1.4 Active Cooling ................................................................................................ 518
11.1.5 Passive Cooling .............................................................................................. 519
11.1.6 Critical Shutdown ............................................................................................ 520
11.2 Cooling Preferences .................................................................................................. 521
11.2.1 Evaluating Thermal Device Lists..................................................................... 522
11.2.2 Evaluating Device Thermal Relationship Information ..................................... 523
11.3 Fan Device.................................................................................................................. 523
11.3.1 Fan Objects..................................................................................................... 524
11.4 Thermal Objects.......................................................................................................... 527
11.4.1 _ACx (Active Cooling)..................................................................................... 528
11.4.2 _ALx (Active List) ............................................................................................ 528
11.4.3 _ART (Active Cooling Relationship Table)...................................................... 529
11.4.4 _CRT (Critical Temperature)........................................................................... 532
11.4.5 _DTI (Device Temperature Indication)............................................................ 532
11.4.6 _HOT (Hot Temperature)................................................................................ 532
11.4.7 _NTT (Notification Temperature Threshold) ................................................... 533
11.4.8 _PSL (Passive List)......................................................................................... 533
11.4.9 _PSV (Passive)............................................................................................... 533
11.4.10 _RTV (Relative Temperature Values)........................................................... 534
11.4.11 _SCP (Set Cooling Policy) ............................................................................ 534
11.4.12 _TC1 (Thermal Constant 1) .......................................................................... 537
11.4.13 _TC2 (Thermal Constant 2) .......................................................................... 537
11.4.14 _TMP (Temperature)..................................................................................... 538
Advanced Configuration and Power Interface Specification
Hewlett-Packard/Intel/Microsoft/Phoenix/Toshiba xiii
11.4.15 _TPT (Trip Point Temperature)..................................................................... 538
11.4.16 _TRT (Thermal Relationship Table).............................................................. 538
11.4.17 _TSP (Thermal Sampling Period) ................................................................. 539
11.4.18 _TST (Temperature Sensor Threshold)........................................................ 539
11.4.19 _TZD (Thermal Zone Devices)...................................................................... 540
11.4.20 _TZM (Thermal Zone Member)..................................................................... 540
11.4.21 _TZP (Thermal Zone Polling)........................................................................ 540
11.5 Native OS Device Driver Thermal Interfaces.............................................................. 541
11.6 Thermal Zone Interface Requirements ....................................................................... 542
11.7 Thermal Zone Examples............................................................................................. 542
11.7.1 Example: The Basic Thermal Zone................................................................. 542
11.7.2 Example: Multiple-Speed Fans ....................................................................... 544
11.7.3 Example: Thermal Zone with Multiple Devices ............................................... 546
12
ACPI Embedded Controller Interface Specification................................ 553
12.1 Embedded Controller Interface Description ................................................................ 553
12.2 Embedded Controller Register Descriptions............................................................... 557
12.2.1 Embedded Controller Status, EC_SC (R)....................................................... 557
12.2.2 Embedded Controller Command, EC_SC (W)................................................ 558
12.2.3 Embedded Controller Data, EC_DATA (R/W)................................................. 558
12.3 Embedded Controller Command Set .......................................................................... 558
12.3.1 Read Embedded Controller, RD_EC (0x80) ................................................... 559
12.3.2 Write Embedded Controller, WR_EC (0x81).................................................. 559
12.3.3 Burst Enable Embedded Controller, BE_EC (0x82)........................................ 559
12.3.4 Burst Disable Embedded Controller, BD_EC (0x83)....................................... 560
12.3.5 Query Embedded Controller, QR_EC (0x84).................................................. 560
12.4 SMBus Host Controller Notification Header (Optional), OS_SMB_EVT ..................... 560
12.5 Embedded Controller Firmware.................................................................................. 560
12.6 Interrupt Model............................................................................................................561
12.6.1 Event Interrupt Model...................................................................................... 561
12.6.2 Command Interrupt Model .............................................................................. 562
12.7 Embedded Controller Interfacing Algorithms .............................................................. 562
12.8 Embedded Controller Description Information ............................................................ 563
12.9 SMBus Host Controller Interface via Embedded Controller....................................... 563
12.9.1 Register Description........................................................................................ 564
12.9.2 Protocol Description........................................................................................ 568
12.10 SMBus Devices......................................................................................................... 573
12.10.1 SMBus Device Access Restrictions .............................................................. 574
12.10.2 SMBus Device Command Access Restriction .............................................. 574
12.11 Defining an Embedded Controller Device in ACPI Namespace ............................... 574
12.11.1 Example: EC Definition ASL Code ............................................................... 575
12.12 Defining an EC SMBus Host Controller in ACPI Namespace................................... 576
12.12.1 Example: EC SMBus Host Controller ASL-Code.......................................... 576
13
ACPI System Management Bus Interface Specification.........................579
13.1 SMBus Overview ........................................................................................................ 579
xiv Hewlett-Packard/Intel/Microsoft/Phoenix/Toshiba
13.1.1 SMBus Slave Addresses................................................................................. 579
13.1.2 SMBus Protocols............................................................................................. 580
13.1.3 SMBus Status Codes...................................................................................... 581
13.1.4 SMBus Command Values............................................................................... 581
13.2 Accessing the SMBus from ASL Code ....................................................................... 581
13.2.1 Declaring SMBus Host Controller Objects ...................................................... 581
13.2.2 Declaring SMBus Devices............................................................................... 582
13.2.3 Declaring SMBus Operation Regions ............................................................. 582
13.2.4 Declaring SMBus Fields.................................................................................. 584
13.2.5 Declaring and Using an SMBus Data Buffer................................................... 586
13.3 Using the SMBus Protocols ........................................................................................ 587
13.3.1 Read/Write Quick (SMBQuick)........................................................................ 587
13.3.2 Send/Receive Byte (SMBSendReceive)......................................................... 588
13.3.3 Read/Write Byte (SMBByte)............................................................................ 589
13.3.4 Read/Write Word (SMBWord)......................................................................... 590
13.3.5 Read/Write Block (SMBBlock) ........................................................................ 590
13.3.6 Word Process Call (SMBProcessCall)............................................................ 591
13.3.7 Block Process Call (SMBBlockProcessCall)................................................... 592
14
Platform Communications Channel (PCC)...............................................593
14.1 Platform Communications Channel Table .................................................................. 593
14.1.1 Platform Communications Channel Global Flags ........................................... 594
14.1.2 Platform Communications Channel Subspace Structures .............................. 594
14.1.3 Generic Communications Subspace Structure (type 0).................................. 594
14.2 Generic Communications Channel Shared Memory Region ...................................... 595
14.2.1 Generic Communications Channel Command Field....................................... 595
14.2.2 Generic Communications Channel Status Field ............................................. 596
14.3 Doorbell Protocol ........................................................................................................ 596
14.4 Platform Notification.................................................................................................... 597
14.5 Referencing the PCC address space.......................................................................... 597
15
System Address Map Interfaces ...............................................................599
15.1 INT 15H, E820H - Query System Address Map ......................................................... 600
15.2 E820 Assumptions and Limitations............................................................................. 602
15.3 UEFI GetMemoryMap() Boot Services Function........................................................ 602
15.4 UEFI Assumptions and Limitations............................................................................ 604
15.5 Example Address Map................................................................................................ 604
15.6 Example: Operating System Usage............................................................................ 605
16
Waking and Sleeping .................................................................................607
16.1 Sleeping States........................................................................................................... 609
16.1.1 S1 Sleeping State ........................................................................................... 611
16.1.2 S2 Sleeping State ........................................................................................... 612
16.1.3 S3 Sleeping State ........................................................................................... 612
16.1.4 S4 Sleeping State ........................................................................................... 613
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