ACPI Spec 5.0：2011年最新技术规范

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ACPI Spec 5.0 是一项高级配置和电源接口（Advanced Configuration and Power Interface, ACPI）的最新规格，它由多家业界巨头联合制定，包括 Hewlett-Packard Corporation、Intel Corporation、Microsoft Corporation、Phoenix Technologies Ltd. 和 Toshiba Corporation。该标准于2011年11月23日更新至第五版草案状态。 ACPI是一个广泛应用于现代计算机系统中的规范，旨在简化操作系统和硬件设备之间的交互，特别是在处理电源管理方面。它提供了一种标准化的方法来管理计算机的电源状态，包括睡眠、休眠、待机和完全关闭等模式，以及硬件资源的配置和唤醒。这个规范对于实现绿色计算和能源效率至关重要，因为它允许操作系统和硬件厂商共同定义和协调电源管理策略。在ACPI Spec 5.0中，主要关注以下几个方面： 1. **兼容性与更新**：随着技术的发展和新硬件的出现，版本5.0旨在提高与现有和未来设备的兼容性，并可能包含对新技术（如低功耗处理器、无线设备）的支持。 2. **标准规范**：这一版本提供了详细的接口定义和操作流程，确保不同厂商生产的计算机能相互协作，而无需担心底层硬件差异造成的不兼容问题。 3. **知识产权声明**：尽管提供了技术规范，但各家公司保留其知识产权，声明此文档“按现状”提供，不附带任何明示或暗示的保证，包括适销性、特定用途适用性或关于提案、规格或样本的其他保证。 4. **法律责任**：尽管ACPI Spec 5.0为开发者提供指导，但所有公司明确表示不对实施本规范导致的知识产权侵权负责，并且无意授予任何知识产权许可。 ACPI Spec 5.0是IT行业的重要里程碑，它通过标准化和协调的方式促进了硬件和软件之间的高效互动，有助于提升系统的能源效率，降低功耗，同时为用户提供更一致的用户体验。对于系统设计师、开发者和硬件制造商来说，理解和遵循这个规范是至关重要的，以确保他们的产品能够无缝融入现代计算机生态系统。

xii Hewlett-Packard/Intel/Microsoft/Phoenix/Toshiba

10 

Power Source and Power Meter Devices ................................................. 487

10.1 Smart Battery Subsystems ......................................................................................... 487

10.1.1 ACPI Smart Battery Status Change Notification Requirements...................... 490

10.1.2 Smart Battery Objects ..................................................................................... 491

10.1.3 _SBS (Smart Battery Subsystem) .................................................................. 492

10.2 Control Method Batteries ............................................................................................ 494

10.2.1 Battery Events................................................................................................. 495

10.2.2 Battery Control Methods ................................................................................. 495

10.3 AC Adapters and Power Source Objects.................................................................... 508

10.3.1 _PSR (Power Source)..................................................................................... 508

10.3.2 _PCL (Power Consumer List) ......................................................................... 509

10.3.3 _PIF (Power Source Information).................................................................... 509

10.3.4 _PRL (Power Source Redundancy List) ......................................................... 510

10.4 Power Meters.............................................................................................................. 510

10.4.1 _PMC (Power Meter Capabilities)................................................................... 511

10.4.2 _PTP (Power Trip Points) ............................................................................... 512

10.4.3 _PMM (Power Meter Measurement) ............................................................... 513

10.4.4 _PAI (Power Averaging Interval)..................................................................... 513

10.4.5 _GAI (Get Averaging Interval)......................................................................... 514

10.4.8 _PMD (Power Metered Devices)..................................................................... 515

10.5 Example: Power Source and Power Meter Namespace............................................ 515

11 

Thermal Management................................................................................. 517

11.1 Thermal Control .......................................................................................................... 517

11.1.1 Active, Passive, and Critical Policies .............................................................. 518

11.1.2 Dynamically Changing Cooling Temperature Trip Points ............................... 519

11.1.3 Detecting Temperature Changes .................................................................... 520

11.1.4 Active Cooling ................................................................................................ 522

11.1.5 Passive Cooling .............................................................................................. 523

11.1.6 Critical Shutdown ............................................................................................ 524

11.2 Cooling Preferences .................................................................................................. 525

11.2.1 Evaluating Thermal Device Lists..................................................................... 526

11.2.2 Evaluating Device Thermal Relationship Information ..................................... 527

11.3 Fan Device.................................................................................................................. 527

11.3.1 Fan Objects..................................................................................................... 528

11.4 Thermal Objects.......................................................................................................... 531

11.4.1 _ACx (Active Cooling) ..................................................................................... 532

11.4.2 _ALx (Active List) ............................................................................................ 532

11.4.3 _ART (Active Cooling Relationship Table)...................................................... 533

11.4.4 _CRT (Critical Temperature)........................................................................... 536

11.4.5 _DTI (Device Temperature Indication) ............................................................ 536

11.4.6 _HOT (Hot Temperature) ................................................................................ 536

11.4.7 _NTT (Notification Temperature Threshold) ................................................... 537

11.4.8 _PSL (Passive List)......................................................................................... 537

11.4.9 _PSV (Passive) ............................................................................................... 537

Advanced Configuration and Power Interface Specification

Hewlett-Packard/Intel/Microsoft/Phoenix/Toshiba xiii

11.4.10 _RTV (Relative Temperature Values) ........................................................... 538

11.4.11 _SCP (Set Cooling Policy) ............................................................................ 538

11.4.12 _TC1 (Thermal Constant 1) .......................................................................... 541

11.4.13 _TC2 (Thermal Constant 2) .......................................................................... 541

11.4.14 _TMP (Temperature)..................................................................................... 542

11.4.15 _TPT (Trip Point Temperature) ..................................................................... 542

11.4.16 _TRT (Thermal Relationship Table).............................................................. 542

11.4.17 _TSP (Thermal Sampling Period) ................................................................. 543

11.4.18 _TST (Temperature Sensor Threshold) ........................................................ 543

11.4.19 _TZD (Thermal Zone Devices)...................................................................... 544

11.4.20 _TZM (Thermal Zone Member)..................................................................... 544

11.4.21 _TZP (Thermal Zone Polling)........................................................................ 544

11.5 Native OS Device Driver Thermal Interfaces .............................................................. 545

11.6 Thermal Zone Interface Requirements ....................................................................... 546

11.7 Thermal Zone Examples............................................................................................. 546

11.7.1 Example: The Basic Thermal Zone................................................................. 546

11.7.2 Example: Multiple-Speed Fans ....................................................................... 548

11.7.3 Example: Thermal Zone with Multiple Devices ............................................... 550

12 

ACPI Embedded Controller Interface Specification ................................ 557

12.1 Embedded Controller Interface Description ................................................................ 557

12.2 Embedded Controller Register Descriptions............................................................... 561

12.2.1 Embedded Controller Status, EC_SC (R) ....................................................... 561

12.2.2 Embedded Controller Command, EC_SC (W)................................................ 562

12.2.3 Embedded Controller Data, EC_DATA (R/W)................................................. 562

12.3 Embedded Controller Command Set .......................................................................... 562

12.3.1 Read Embedded Controller, RD_EC (0x80) ................................................... 563

12.3.2 Write Embedded Controller, WR_EC (0x81).................................................. 563

12.3.3 Burst Enable Embedded Controller, BE_EC (0x82)........................................ 563

12.3.4 Burst Disable Embedded Controller, BD_EC (0x83)....................................... 564

12.3.5 Query Embedded Controller, QR_EC (0x84).................................................. 564

12.4 SMBus Host Controller Notification Header (Optional), OS_SMB_EVT ..................... 564

12.5 Embedded Controller Firmware .................................................................................. 564

12.6 Interrupt Model............................................................................................................565

12.6.1 Event Interrupt Model...................................................................................... 565

12.6.2 Command Interrupt Model .............................................................................. 566

12.7 Embedded Controller Interfacing Algorithms .............................................................. 566

12.8 Embedded Controller Description Information ............................................................ 567

12.9 SMBus Host Controller Interface via Embedded Controller....................................... 567

12.9.1 Register Description........................................................................................ 568

12.9.2 Protocol Description ........................................................................................ 572

12.10 SMBus Devices......................................................................................................... 577

12.10.1 SMBus Device Access Restrictions .............................................................. 578

12.10.2 SMBus Device Command Access Restriction .............................................. 578

12.11 Defining an Embedded Controller Device in ACPI Namespace ............................... 578

12.11.1 Example: EC Definition ASL Code ............................................................... 579

xiv Hewlett-Packard/Intel/Microsoft/Phoenix/Toshiba

12.12 Defining an EC SMBus Host Controller in ACPI Namespace................................... 580

12.12.1 Example: EC SMBus Host Controller ASL-Code .......................................... 580

13 

ACPI System Management Bus Interface Specification ......................... 583

13.1 SMBus Overview ........................................................................................................ 583

13.1.1 SMBus Slave Addresses................................................................................. 583

13.1.2 SMBus Protocols............................................................................................. 584

13.1.3 SMBus Status Codes ...................................................................................... 585

13.1.4 SMBus Command Values ............................................................................... 585

13.2 Accessing the SMBus from ASL Code ....................................................................... 585

13.2.1 Declaring SMBus Host Controller Objects ...................................................... 585

13.2.2 Declaring SMBus Devices............................................................................... 586

13.2.3 Declaring SMBus Operation Regions ............................................................. 586

13.2.4 Declaring SMBus Fields.................................................................................. 588

13.2.5 Declaring and Using an SMBus Data Buffer ................................................... 590

13.3 Using the SMBus Protocols ........................................................................................ 591

13.3.1 Read/Write Quick (SMBQuick)........................................................................ 591

13.3.2 Send/Receive Byte (SMBSendReceive) ......................................................... 592

13.3.3 Read/Write Byte (SMBByte)............................................................................ 593

13.3.4 Read/Write Word (SMBWord)......................................................................... 594

13.3.5 Read/Write Block (SMBBlock) ........................................................................ 594

13.3.6 Word Process Call (SMBProcessCall) ............................................................ 595

13.3.7 Block Process Call (SMBBlockProcessCall) ................................................... 596

14 

Platform Communications Channel (PCC)............................................... 597

14.1 Platform Communications Channel Table .................................................................. 597

14.1.1 Platform Communications Channel Global Flags ........................................... 598

14.1.2 Platform Communications Channel Subspace Structures .............................. 598

14.1.3 Generic Communications Subspace Structure (type 0) .................................. 598

14.2 Generic Communications Channel Shared Memory Region ...................................... 599

14.2.1 Generic Communications Channel Command Field ....................................... 599

14.2.2 Generic Communications Channel Status Field ............................................. 600

14.3 Doorbell Protocol ........................................................................................................ 600

14.4 Platform Notification.................................................................................................... 601

14.5 Referencing the PCC address space.......................................................................... 601

15 

System Address Map Interfaces ............................................................... 603

15.1 INT 15H, E820H - Query System Address Map ......................................................... 604

15.2 E820 Assumptions and Limitations............................................................................. 606

15.3 UEFI GetMemoryMap() Boot Services Function........................................................ 606

15.4 UEFI Assumptions and Limitations ............................................................................ 607

15.5 Example Address Map................................................................................................ 608

15.6 Example: Operating System Usage............................................................................ 609

Advanced Configuration and Power Interface Specification

Hewlett-Packard/Intel/Microsoft/Phoenix/Toshiba xv

16 

Waking and Sleeping ................................................................................. 611

16.1 Sleeping States........................................................................................................... 613

16.1.1 S1 Sleeping State ........................................................................................... 615

16.1.2 S2 Sleeping State ........................................................................................... 616

16.1.3 S3 Sleeping State ........................................................................................... 616

16.1.4 S4 Sleeping State ........................................................................................... 617

16.1.5 S5 Soft Off State ............................................................................................. 618

16.1.6 Transitioning from the Working to the Sleeping State..................................... 619

16.1.7 Transitioning from the Working to the Soft Off State....................................... 620

16.2 Flushing Caches ......................................................................................................... 620

16.3 Initialization ................................................................................................................. 620

16.3.1 Placing the System in ACPI Mode .................................................................. 623

16.3.2 BIOS Initialization of Memory.......................................................................... 623

16.3.3 OS Loading ..................................................................................................... 625

16.3.4 Exiting ACPI Mode .......................................................................................... 627

17 

Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) Architecture Platforms ............. 629

17.1 NUMA Node................................................................................................................ 629

17.2 System Locality........................................................................................................... 629

17.2.1 System Resource Affinity Table Definition ...................................................... 630

17.3 System Locality Distance Information ......................................................................... 630

17.3.1 Online Hot Plug ............................................................................................... 630

17.3.2 Impact to Existing Localities............................................................................ 631

18 

ACPI Platform Error Interfaces (APEI)...................................................... 633

18.2 Relationship between OSPM and System Firmware .................................................. 634

18.3 Error Source Discovery............................................................................................... 634

18.3.1 Boot Error Source ........................................................................................... 634

18.3.2 ACPI Error Source .......................................................................................... 636

18.4 Firmware First Error Handling..................................................................................... 648

18.4.1 Example: Firmware First Handling Using NMI Notification ............................. 649

18.5 Error Serialization ....................................................................................................... 649

18.5.1 Serialization Action Table................................................................................ 650

18.5.2 Operations....................................................................................................... 656

18.6 Error Injection.............................................................................................................. 660

18.6.1 Error Injection Table (EINJ)............................................................................. 660

18.6.2 Injection Instruction Entries ............................................................................. 663

18.6.3 Injection Instructions ....................................................................................... 664

18.6.4 Trigger Action Table........................................................................................ 666

19 

ACPI Source Language (ASL)Reference.................................................. 669

19.1 ASL Language Grammar ............................................................................................ 669

19.1.1 ASL Grammar Notation................................................................................... 670

19.1.2 ASL Name and Pathname Terms ................................................................... 671

xvi Hewlett-Packard/Intel/Microsoft/Phoenix/Toshiba

19.1.3 ASL Root and Secondary Terms .................................................................... 671

19.1.4 ASL Data and Constant Terms ....................................................................... 673

19.1.5 ASL Opcode Terms......................................................................................... 675

19.1.6 ASL Primary (Terminal) Terms ....................................................................... 676

19.1.7 ASL Parameter Keyword Terms ..................................................................... 687

19.1.8 ASL Resource Template Terms...................................................................... 689

19.2 ASL Concepts ............................................................................................................. 697

19.2.1 ASL Names ..................................................................................................... 697

19.2.2 ASL Literal Constants ..................................................................................... 697

19.2.3 ASL Resource Templates ............................................................................... 699

19.2.4 ASL Macros..................................................................................................... 701

19.2.5 ASL Data Types .............................................................................................. 701

19.3 ASL Operator Summary ............................................................................................. 713

19.4 ASL Operator Summary By Type .............................................................................. 717

19.5 ASL Operator Reference ........................................................................................... 721

19.5.1 AccessAs (Change Field Unit Access)............................................................ 721

19.5.2 Acquire (Acquire a Mutex)............................................................................... 722

19.5.3 Add (Integer Add)............................................................................................ 722

19.5.4 Alias (Declare Name Alias) ............................................................................. 723

19.5.5 And (Integer Bitwise And) ............................................................................... 723

19.5.6 Argx (Method Argument Data Objects) ........................................................... 723

19.5.7 BankField (Declare Bank/Data Field).............................................................. 724

19.5.8 Break (Break from While)................................................................................ 725

19.5.9 BreakPoint (Execution Break Point)................................................................ 725

19.5.10 Buffer (Declare Buffer Object)....................................................................... 725

19.5.11 Case (Expression for Conditional Execution)................................................ 726

19.5.12 Concatenate (Concatenate Data) ................................................................. 726

19.5.13 ConcatenateResTemplate (Concatenate Resource Templates) .................. 727

19.5.14 CondRefOf (Create Object Reference Conditionally) ................................... 727

19.5.15 Connection (Declare Field Connection Attributes) ........................................ 727

19.5.16 Continue (Continue Innermost Enclosing While) .......................................... 728

19.5.17 CopyObject (Copy and Store Object)............................................................ 728

19.5.18 CreateBitField (Create 1-Bit Buffer Field) .................................................... 729

19.5.19 CreateByteField (Create 8-Bit Buffer Field) .................................................. 729

19.5.20 CreateDWordField (Create 32-Bit Buffer Field) ............................................ 729

19.5.21 CreateField (Create Arbitrary Length Buffer Field) ....................................... 730

19.5.22 CreateQWordField (Create 64-Bit Buffer Field) ............................................ 730

19.5.23 CreateWordField (Create 16-Bit Buffer Field) .............................................. 730

19.5.24 DataTableRegion (Create Data Table Operation Region) ............................ 730

19.5.25 Debug (Debugger Output)............................................................................. 731

19.5.26 Decrement (Integer Decrement) ................................................................... 731

19.5.27 Default (Default Execution Path in Switch) .................................................. 732

19.5.28 DefinitionBlock (Declare Definition Block)..................................................... 732

19.5.29 DerefOf (Dereference an Object Reference) ................................................ 733

19.5.30 Device (Declare Bus/Device Package) ......................................................... 733

19.5.31 Divide (Integer Divide)................................................................................... 734

19.5.32 DMA (DMA Resource Descriptor Macro) ...................................................... 735

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