ACPI 5.0：新一代BIOS与硬件交互标准

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ACPI（高级配置和电源管理接口）规格5.0是于2011年12月6日发布的标准，由Hewlett-Packard（惠普）、Intel Corporation、Microsoft Corporation、Phoenix Technologies Ltd. 和 Toshiba Corporation 等业界巨头共同制定。这个版本的规范旨在定义BIOS（基本输入输出系统）与系统硬件之间的新一代交互方式，以实现高级的系统配置和电源管理功能。在ACPI 5.0中，重点在于提升系统的灵活性、兼容性和效率。它涵盖了一系列关键特性，包括： 1. **增强的配置支持**：新版本的规范提供了更强大的系统配置选项，允许设备和平台能够自定义其硬件设置，满足不同用户和应用场景的需求。这可能涉及到处理器特性的调整、内存优化、I/O设备管理等。 2. **电源管理改进**：ACPI 5.0加强了对低功耗模式的支持，使得系统能够在保持性能的同时减少能耗。这包括更精确的电池管理和电源状态监控，以及对绿色计算和移动设备优化。 3. **兼容性扩展**：随着技术的发展，旧版ACPI标准可能无法适应新的硬件和操作系统。ACPI 5.0旨在确保与其他版本的兼容性，同时允许新技术的引入，以保持行业的进步。 4. **安全和稳定性**：随着网络安全的关注度提高，ACPI 5.0可能包含了增强的安全措施，如防止恶意软件利用电源管理漏洞，保护敏感数据和系统资源。 5. **标准化协议**：作为“即插即用”和自动化管理的基础，ACPI规范确保了硬件设备与软件管理工具之间的无缝通信，提高了整个系统的管理效率。 6. **知识产权声明**：该规格明确指出，所有参与方保留其知识产权，提供的是“原样”无保障的文档，并不授予任何形式的知识产权许可。这意味着使用规范时必须遵守相应的条款，避免侵犯他人的专利或版权。 ACPI 5.0标准是现代计算机架构中的重要组成部分，它定义了硬件和BIOS之间的接口规范，为系统的高效能、低能耗和兼容性提供基石。遵循这一标准对于硬件制造商、系统集成商和软件开发者来说至关重要，因为它直接影响到系统的稳定运行和用户体验。

xii Hewlett-Packard/Intel/Microsoft/Phoenix/Toshiba

10.1.1 ACPI Smart Battery Status Change Notification Requirements...................... 492

10.1.2 Smart Battery Objects ..................................................................................... 493

10.1.3 _SBS (Smart Battery Subsystem) .................................................................. 494

10.2 Control Method Batteries ............................................................................................ 496

10.2.1 Battery Events................................................................................................. 497

10.2.2 Battery Control Methods ................................................................................. 497

10.3 AC Adapters and Power Source Objects.................................................................... 510

10.3.1 _PSR (Power Source)..................................................................................... 510

10.3.2 _PCL (Power Consumer List) ......................................................................... 511

10.3.3 _PIF (Power Source Information).................................................................... 511

10.3.4 _PRL (Power Source Redundancy List) ......................................................... 512

10.4 Power Meters.............................................................................................................. 512

10.4.1 _PMC (Power Meter Capabilities)................................................................... 513

10.4.2 _PTP (Power Trip Points) ............................................................................... 514

10.4.3 _PMM (Power Meter Measurement) ............................................................... 515

10.4.4 _PAI (Power Averaging Interval)..................................................................... 515

10.4.5 _GAI (Get Averaging Interval)......................................................................... 516

10.4.8 _PMD (Power Metered Devices)..................................................................... 517

10.5 Example: Power Source and Power Meter Namespace............................................ 517

11 

Thermal Management................................................................................. 519

11.1 Thermal Control .......................................................................................................... 519

11.1.1 Active, Passive, and Critical Policies .............................................................. 520

11.1.2 Dynamically Changing Cooling Temperature Trip Points ............................... 521

11.1.3 Detecting Temperature Changes .................................................................... 522

11.1.4 Active Cooling ................................................................................................ 524

11.1.5 Passive Cooling .............................................................................................. 525

11.1.6 Critical Shutdown ............................................................................................ 526

11.2 Cooling Preferences .................................................................................................. 527

11.2.1 Evaluating Thermal Device Lists..................................................................... 528

11.2.2 Evaluating Device Thermal Relationship Information ..................................... 529

11.3 Fan Device.................................................................................................................. 529

11.3.1 Fan Objects..................................................................................................... 530

11.4 Thermal Objects.......................................................................................................... 533

11.4.1 _ACx (Active Cooling) ..................................................................................... 534

11.4.2 _ALx (Active List) ............................................................................................ 534

11.4.3 _ART (Active Cooling Relationship Table)...................................................... 535

11.4.4 _CRT (Critical Temperature)........................................................................... 538

11.4.5 _DTI (Device Temperature Indication) ............................................................ 538

11.4.6 _HOT (Hot Temperature) ................................................................................ 538

11.4.7 _NTT (Notification Temperature Threshold) ................................................... 539

11.4.8 _PSL (Passive List)......................................................................................... 539

11.4.9 _PSV (Passive) ............................................................................................... 539

11.4.10 _RTV (Relative Temperature Values) ........................................................... 540

11.4.11 _SCP (Set Cooling Policy) ............................................................................ 540

11.4.12 _TC1 (Thermal Constant 1) .......................................................................... 543

Advanced Configuration and Power Interface Specification

Hewlett-Packard/Intel/Microsoft/Phoenix/Toshiba xiii

11.4.13 _TC2 (Thermal Constant 2) .......................................................................... 543

11.4.14 _TMP (Temperature)..................................................................................... 544

11.4.15 _TPT (Trip Point Temperature) ..................................................................... 544

11.4.16 _TRT (Thermal Relationship Table).............................................................. 544

11.4.17 _TSP (Thermal Sampling Period) ................................................................. 545

11.4.18 _TST (Temperature Sensor Threshold) ........................................................ 545

11.4.19 _TZD (Thermal Zone Devices)...................................................................... 546

11.4.20 _TZM (Thermal Zone Member)..................................................................... 546

11.4.21 _TZP (Thermal Zone Polling)........................................................................ 546

11.5 Native OS Device Driver Thermal Interfaces .............................................................. 547

11.6 Thermal Zone Interface Requirements ....................................................................... 548

11.7 Thermal Zone Examples............................................................................................. 548

11.7.1 Example: The Basic Thermal Zone................................................................. 548

11.7.2 Example: Multiple-Speed Fans ....................................................................... 550

11.7.3 Example: Thermal Zone with Multiple Devices ............................................... 552

12 

ACPI Embedded Controller Interface Specification ................................ 559

12.1 Embedded Controller Interface Description ................................................................ 559

12.2 Embedded Controller Register Descriptions............................................................... 563

12.2.1 Embedded Controller Status, EC_SC (R) ....................................................... 563

12.2.2 Embedded Controller Command, EC_SC (W)................................................ 564

12.2.3 Embedded Controller Data, EC_DATA (R/W)................................................. 564

12.3 Embedded Controller Command Set .......................................................................... 564

12.3.1 Read Embedded Controller, RD_EC (0x80) ................................................... 565

12.3.2 Write Embedded Controller, WR_EC (0x81).................................................. 565

12.3.3 Burst Enable Embedded Controller, BE_EC (0x82)........................................ 565

12.3.4 Burst Disable Embedded Controller, BD_EC (0x83)....................................... 566

12.3.5 Query Embedded Controller, QR_EC (0x84).................................................. 566

12.4 SMBus Host Controller Notification Header (Optional), OS_SMB_EVT ..................... 566

12.5 Embedded Controller Firmware .................................................................................. 566

12.6 Interrupt Model............................................................................................................567

12.6.1 Event Interrupt Model...................................................................................... 567

12.6.2 Command Interrupt Model .............................................................................. 568

12.7 Embedded Controller Interfacing Algorithms .............................................................. 568

12.8 Embedded Controller Description Information ............................................................ 569

12.9 SMBus Host Controller Interface via Embedded Controller....................................... 569

12.9.1 Register Description........................................................................................ 570

12.9.2 Protocol Description ........................................................................................ 574

12.10 SMBus Devices......................................................................................................... 579

12.10.1 SMBus Device Access Restrictions .............................................................. 580

12.10.2 SMBus Device Command Access Restriction .............................................. 580

12.11 Defining an Embedded Controller Device in ACPI Namespace ............................... 580

12.11.1 Example: EC Definition ASL Code ............................................................... 581

12.12 Defining an EC SMBus Host Controller in ACPI Namespace................................... 582

12.12.1 Example: EC SMBus Host Controller ASL-Code .......................................... 582

xiv Hewlett-Packard/Intel/Microsoft/Phoenix/Toshiba

13 

ACPI System Management Bus Interface Specification ......................... 585

13.1 SMBus Overview ........................................................................................................ 585

13.1.1 SMBus Slave Addresses................................................................................. 585

13.1.2 SMBus Protocols............................................................................................. 586

13.1.3 SMBus Status Codes ...................................................................................... 587

13.1.4 SMBus Command Values ............................................................................... 587

13.2 Accessing the SMBus from ASL Code ....................................................................... 587

13.2.1 Declaring SMBus Host Controller Objects ...................................................... 587

13.2.2 Declaring SMBus Devices............................................................................... 588

13.2.3 Declaring SMBus Operation Regions ............................................................. 588

13.2.4 Declaring SMBus Fields.................................................................................. 590

13.2.5 Declaring and Using an SMBus Data Buffer ................................................... 592

13.3 Using the SMBus Protocols ........................................................................................ 593

13.3.1 Read/Write Quick (SMBQuick)........................................................................ 593

13.3.2 Send/Receive Byte (SMBSendReceive) ......................................................... 594

13.3.3 Read/Write Byte (SMBByte)............................................................................ 595

13.3.4 Read/Write Word (SMBWord)......................................................................... 596

13.3.5 Read/Write Block (SMBBlock) ........................................................................ 596

13.3.6 Word Process Call (SMBProcessCall) ............................................................ 597

13.3.7 Block Process Call (SMBBlockProcessCall) ................................................... 598

14 

Platform Communications Channel (PCC)............................................... 599

14.1 Platform Communications Channel Table .................................................................. 599

14.1.1 Platform Communications Channel Global Flags ........................................... 600

14.1.2 Platform Communications Channel Subspace Structures .............................. 600

14.1.3 Generic Communications Subspace Structure (type 0) .................................. 600

14.2 Generic Communications Channel Shared Memory Region ...................................... 601

14.2.1 Generic Communications Channel Command Field ....................................... 601

14.2.2 Generic Communications Channel Status Field ............................................. 602

14.3 Doorbell Protocol ........................................................................................................ 602

14.4 Platform Notification.................................................................................................... 603

14.5 Referencing the PCC address space.......................................................................... 603

15 

System Address Map Interfaces ............................................................... 605

15.1 INT 15H, E820H - Query System Address Map ......................................................... 606

15.2 E820 Assumptions and Limitations............................................................................. 608

15.3 UEFI GetMemoryMap() Boot Services Function........................................................ 608

15.4 UEFI Assumptions and Limitations ............................................................................ 609

15.5 Example Address Map................................................................................................ 610

15.6 Example: Operating System Usage............................................................................ 611

16 

Waking and Sleeping ................................................................................. 613

16.1 Sleeping States........................................................................................................... 615

16.1.1 S1 Sleeping State ........................................................................................... 617

Advanced Configuration and Power Interface Specification

Hewlett-Packard/Intel/Microsoft/Phoenix/Toshiba xv

16.1.2 S2 Sleeping State ........................................................................................... 618

16.1.3 S3 Sleeping State ........................................................................................... 618

16.1.4 S4 Sleeping State ........................................................................................... 619

16.1.5 S5 Soft Off State ............................................................................................. 620

16.1.6 Transitioning from the Working to the Sleeping State..................................... 621

16.1.7 Transitioning from the Working to the Soft Off State....................................... 622

16.2 Flushing Caches ......................................................................................................... 622

16.3 Initialization ................................................................................................................. 622

16.3.1 Placing the System in ACPI Mode .................................................................. 625

16.3.2 BIOS Initialization of Memory.......................................................................... 625

16.3.3 OS Loading ..................................................................................................... 627

16.3.4 Exiting ACPI Mode .......................................................................................... 629

17 

Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) Architecture Platforms ............. 631

17.1 NUMA Node................................................................................................................ 631

17.2 System Locality........................................................................................................... 631

17.2.1 System Resource Affinity Table Definition ...................................................... 632

17.3 System Locality Distance Information ......................................................................... 632

17.3.1 Online Hot Plug ............................................................................................... 632

17.3.2 Impact to Existing Localities............................................................................ 633

18 

ACPI Platform Error Interfaces (APEI)...................................................... 635

18.2 Relationship between OSPM and System Firmware .................................................. 636

18.3 Error Source Discovery............................................................................................... 636

18.3.1 Boot Error Source ........................................................................................... 636

18.3.2 ACPI Error Source .......................................................................................... 638

18.4 Firmware First Error Handling..................................................................................... 650

18.4.1 Example: Firmware First Handling Using NMI Notification ............................. 651

18.5 Error Serialization ....................................................................................................... 651

18.5.1 Serialization Action Table................................................................................ 652

18.5.2 Operations....................................................................................................... 658

18.6 Error Injection.............................................................................................................. 662

18.6.1 Error Injection Table (EINJ)............................................................................. 662

18.6.2 Injection Instruction Entries ............................................................................. 665

18.6.3 Injection Instructions ....................................................................................... 666

18.6.4 Trigger Action Table........................................................................................ 668

19 

ACPI Source Language (ASL)Reference.................................................. 671

19.1 ASL Language Grammar ............................................................................................ 671

19.1.1 ASL Grammar Notation................................................................................... 672

19.1.2 ASL Name and Pathname Terms ................................................................... 673

19.1.3 ASL Root and Secondary Terms .................................................................... 673

19.1.4 ASL Data and Constant Terms ....................................................................... 675

19.1.5 ASL Opcode Terms......................................................................................... 677

19.1.6 ASL Primary (Terminal) Terms ....................................................................... 678

xvi Hewlett-Packard/Intel/Microsoft/Phoenix/Toshiba

19.1.7 ASL Parameter Keyword Terms ..................................................................... 689

19.1.8 ASL Resource Template Terms...................................................................... 691

19.2 ASL Concepts ............................................................................................................. 699

19.2.1 ASL Names ..................................................................................................... 699

19.2.2 ASL Literal Constants ..................................................................................... 699

19.2.3 ASL Resource Templates ............................................................................... 701

19.2.4 ASL Macros..................................................................................................... 703

19.2.5 ASL Data Types .............................................................................................. 703

19.3 ASL Operator Summary ............................................................................................. 715

19.4 ASL Operator Summary By Type .............................................................................. 719

19.5 ASL Operator Reference ........................................................................................... 723

19.5.1 AccessAs (Change Field Unit Access)............................................................ 723

19.5.2 Acquire (Acquire a Mutex)............................................................................... 724

19.5.3 Add (Integer Add)............................................................................................ 724

19.5.4 Alias (Declare Name Alias) ............................................................................. 725

19.5.5 And (Integer Bitwise And) ............................................................................... 725

19.5.6 Argx (Method Argument Data Objects) ........................................................... 725

19.5.7 BankField (Declare Bank/Data Field).............................................................. 726

19.5.8 Break (Break from While)................................................................................ 727

19.5.9 BreakPoint (Execution Break Point)................................................................ 727

19.5.10 Buffer (Declare Buffer Object)....................................................................... 727

19.5.11 Case (Expression for Conditional Execution)................................................ 728

19.5.12 Concatenate (Concatenate Data) ................................................................. 728

19.5.13 ConcatenateResTemplate (Concatenate Resource Templates) .................. 729

19.5.14 CondRefOf (Create Object Reference Conditionally) ................................... 729

19.5.15 Connection (Declare Field Connection Attributes) ........................................ 729

19.5.16 Continue (Continue Innermost Enclosing While) .......................................... 730

19.5.17 CopyObject (Copy and Store Object)............................................................ 730

19.5.18 CreateBitField (Create 1-Bit Buffer Field) .................................................... 731

19.5.19 CreateByteField (Create 8-Bit Buffer Field) .................................................. 731

19.5.20 CreateDWordField (Create 32-Bit Buffer Field) ............................................ 731

19.5.21 CreateField (Create Arbitrary Length Buffer Field) ....................................... 732

19.5.22 CreateQWordField (Create 64-Bit Buffer Field) ............................................ 732

19.5.23 CreateWordField (Create 16-Bit Buffer Field) .............................................. 732

19.5.24 DataTableRegion (Create Data Table Operation Region) ............................ 732

19.5.25 Debug (Debugger Output)............................................................................. 733

19.5.26 Decrement (Integer Decrement) ................................................................... 733

19.5.27 Default (Default Execution Path in Switch) .................................................. 734

19.5.28 DefinitionBlock (Declare Definition Block)..................................................... 734

19.5.29 DerefOf (Dereference an Object Reference) ................................................ 735

19.5.30 Device (Declare Bus/Device Package) ......................................................... 735

19.5.31 Divide (Integer Divide)................................................................................... 736

19.5.32 DMA (DMA Resource Descriptor Macro) ...................................................... 737

19.5.33 DWordIO (DWord IO Resource Descriptor Macro) ....................................... 737

19.5.34 DWordMemory (DWord Memory Resource Descriptor Macro)..................... 739

19.5.35 DWordSpace (DWord Space Resource Descriptor Macro) .......................... 741

19.5.36 EISAID (EISA ID String To Integer Conversion Macro) ................................ 742

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