COMSOL多物理场建模实践：探索工程与科学模拟

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"Multiphysics Modeling Using COMSOL(2012)" 是一本由Roger W. Pryor编写的书籍，旨在向科学家、工程师和其他对通过计算机模拟物理设备结构的行为感兴趣的人介绍COMSOL® Multiphysics®软件的实用建模和求解技术。该书强调基于第一原理的方法，帮助读者在实际进入工作坊或实验室制作之前理解不同物理系统的行为。本书的核心内容围绕COMSOL Multiphysics这一强大的多物理场仿真平台展开，该平台广泛应用于各种工程和科学领域，如机械工程、电气工程、化学工程、生物医学工程等。COMSOL Multiphysics软件允许用户构建复杂的数学模型，模拟多个物理现象的相互作用，例如热传导、流体动力学、电磁学、结构力学等。 "Multiphysics Modeling"部分是书中的关键主题，它探讨了如何将多种物理现象集成到同一个模型中，以准确预测和分析复杂系统的动态行为。这包括设置边界条件、选择适当的数值方法（如有限元方法）以及优化求解策略。书中通过实例和步骤指导，让读者了解如何使用COMSOL软件进行建模，从而提高对物理现象理解和预测的准确性。 "Using Comsol 4"表明本书基于COMSOL软件的第四版编写，可能涵盖了该版本的新特性和改进。读者可以学习到如何利用这个版本的界面、脚本功能以及与其他软件的接口来构建和管理多物理场模型。此外，书中提到所有品牌和产品名称都是各自公司的商标，意味着书中可能包含对其他相关软件和技术的引用和比较，以帮助读者更好地理解和应用COMSOL Multiphysics。 "Multiphysics Modeling Using COMSOL(2012)"是一本实用的指南，不仅教授了COMSOL软件的使用技巧，还提供了深入理解多物理场建模的理论基础，对于需要进行跨学科仿真分析的专业人士来说是一份宝贵的参考资料。

xviii • Introduction

eliminates reflection problems at the domain boundary. That methodology

is the Perfectly Matched Layer.

Chapter 10 includes two models, the 2D Concave Metallic Mirror PML

Model and the 2D Energy Concentrator PML Model, to demonstrate the

use of the Perfectly Matched Layer methodology.

Chapter 11 Bioheat Models

The Bioheat Equation plays an important role in the development and

analysis of new therapeutic medical techniques (e.g. killing of tumors). If

the postulated method raises the local temperature of the tumor cells,

without excessively raising the temperature of the normal cells, then the

proposed method will probably be successful. The results (estimated time

values) from the model calculations will significantly reduce the effort

needed to determine an accurate experimental value. The guiding principle

needs to be that tumor cells die at elevated temperatures. The literature

cites temperatures that range from 42 °C (315.15 K) to 60 °C (333.15).

The first half of Chapter 11 models the Bioheat Equation as applied

with a photonic heat source (laser).

The second half of Chapter 11 models the Bioheat Equation as applied

with a microwave heat source.

2 • Multiphysics Modeling Using COMSOL 4

Guidelines for new CoMsol MultiphysiCs 4.x

Modelers

First, for purposes of clarity in this book, when the term “COM-

SOL Multiphysics 4.x software” or ”4.x” occurs, that term means:

COMSOL Multiphysics software version 4.1 or later.

Second, the user of this text should be sure to READ ALL NOTES

in this book, as the Notes contain information that is not presented

elsewhere and should facilitate comprehension and, hopefully,

minimize modeling errors for modelers unfamiliar with 4.x.

When building models, new or otherwise, it is VERY IMPOR-

TANT to SAVE EARLY and OFTEN.

Hardware Considerations

There are two basic rules for selecting hardware that will support suc-

cessful modeling with 4.x. The first rule is that the modeler should be sure

to determine the minimum system requirements their version of 4.x

requires before borrowing or buying a computer to run his new modeling

software. This book introduces the use of 4.x for modeling within the Micro-

soft Windows



and the Macintosh OS X



operating systems environments.

COMSOL Multiphysics 4.x software supports shared memory parallel-

ism under both the Microsoft Windows

and the Macintosh OS X

operating

systems. Distributed memory parallelism is supported on a Microsoft Win-

dows Cluster, using a COMSOL Floating Network License. Neither dis-

tributed memory nor cluster computing will be covered in this book.

The number of platform cores is equal to the number of coproces-

sors designed into the computer (e.g. 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, etc.).

Shared memory parallelism means that multiple cores in the same

computer share the same memory array. Distributed memory

parallelism means multiple computers with multiple cores are con-

nected in a cluster with the problem divided into multiple parallel

computational sub-segments {1.1} distributed over the computa-

tional units of the cluster.

The second rule of successful modeling is the modeler should run 4.x

on the best platform with the highest processor speed and the most mem-

ory obtainable; the bigger, the faster, the better. It is the general rule that

note

4 • Multiphysics Modeling Using COMSOL 4

Simple Model Setup Overview

Figure 1.1 shows the default COMSOL Desktop Display immediately

after startup. The default coordinate selection for modeling calculations at

startup in 4.x is 3D. The 3D coordinate system shown in the Graphics win-

dow is based on the Right-Hand-Rule.

The Right-Hand-Rule is derived, as it states, from your right hand.

Look at your right hand, point the thumb up, point your index

(first) finger away from your body, at a right angle (90 degrees)

to your thumb and point your middle (second) finger, at a right

angle to the thumb, tangent to your body. Your thumb represents

the Z-axis, your index (first) finger represents the X-axis, and your

middle (second) finger represents the Y-axis.

In a 3D coordinate system that obeys the Right-Hand-Rule, X rotates

into Y and generates Z. Z is the direction in which a Right-Handed Screw

would advance (move into the material into which it is being screwed).

The modeler should note that the default COMSOL Desktop for

4.x displays four active windows: Model Builder, Model Wiz-

ard, Graphics, and Messages; and two inactive windows: Model

Library and Progress. The Desktop Display can, of course, be

modified as needed to show more or fewer (see COMSOL Desk-

top Environment {1.3}). In this book, the Desktop Display will be

used in the default configuration, except when modifications are

required.

The most singularly important currently active window for

the modeler, at this point, is the Model Wizard window. Before

anything else can happen relative to creating a new model, 4.x

requires that the modeler either choose a new coordinate system or

accept the default 3D Cartesian coordinate system.

The Model Wizard window of the Desktop Display shows six coordi-

nate system (Space Dimension) choices available for selection: 3D, 2D Axi-

symmetric, 2D, 1D Axisymmetric, 1D, and 0D. See Figure 1.2 to observe

the interface details.

Figure 1.2 shows the Model Wizard window for model coordinate sys-

tem (Space Dimension) selection. The default coordinate selection for

modeling calculations at startup in 4.x is 3D.

note

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COMSOL多物理场建模实践：探索工程与科学模拟

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