FreeRTOS实时操作系统教程:嵌入式系统任务管理

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"FreeRTOS教程中文版,由Richard Barry编写的《USING THE FREERTOS REALTIME KERNEL A Practical Guide》的中文翻译,适用于微控制器的实时操作系统。" FreeRTOS是一个广泛应用于嵌入式系统的实时操作系统(RTOS),专为微控制器设计。它的主要目标是提供高效、轻量级的任务调度和管理,以实现多个并发执行的任务。FreeRTOS以其开源、免费的特性,受到了开发者们的欢迎。 在FreeRTOS中,任务管理是其核心功能之一。任务(Task)是FreeRTOS中的基本执行单元,每个任务可以看作一个独立的线程,它们可以并行运行。任务通过任务控制块(TCB,Task Control Block)进行管理,其中包含了任务的状态、优先级、堆栈等信息。FreeRTOS支持抢占式调度,即高优先级任务可以在任何时候中断低优先级任务的执行。 1.1 概览 FreeRTOS允许开发者创建并管理多个任务,这些任务可以异步执行,通过任务切换来实现并发。FreeRTOS的任务管理包括了任务的创建、删除、挂起、恢复和优先级设置等功能。任务可以通过函数调用或者中断服务程序来改变其状态。例如,`vTaskCreate()`函数用于创建一个新的任务,而`vTaskDelete()`则用于删除不再需要的任务。 附录通常会提供更详细的实用信息,比如如何配置FreeRTOS源代码以适应特定的硬件平台,如何编译链接以及调试技巧等。对于初学者,理解FreeRTOS的源码结构和配置选项是至关重要的,这有助于在实际项目中更好地定制和优化RTOS。 FreeRTOS的其他关键特性还包括信号量(Semaphore)、互斥量(Mutex)、事件标志组(Event Flags)、消息队列(Message Queue)、软件定时器(Software Timer)等同步和通信机制,这些机制使得任务间能有效地共享资源和协同工作。 FreeRTOS的移植性很强,它已被广泛应用于各种微控制器和嵌入式处理器,包括ARM、AVR、PIC等多种架构。此外,FreeRTOS社区活跃,提供了丰富的文档、示例代码和论坛支持,帮助开发者解决问题和分享经验。 通过学习这个中文版的FreeRTOS教程,读者不仅可以了解到RTOS的基本概念,还能掌握FreeRTOS的具体使用方法,从而在自己的嵌入式项目中充分利用FreeRTOS的优势,实现高效、可靠的实时系统。
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中文的参考手册 内容 Contents5..................................................................................................................................................... 列表 Figures8............................................................................................................................................... 代码清单 Listings9....................................................................................................................................... Tables15 名单.............................................................................................................................................. 列表 Notation15........................................................................................................................................... 章节 1 关于这............................................................................................................................. Manual16 1.1Scope17............................................................................................................................................. 章节 2Task 和调度........................................................................................................................... API20 2.1 portSWITCH_TO_USER_MODE() 21.................................................................................. 2.2 vTaskAllocateMPURegions() 22........................................................................................... 2.3 xTaskAbortDelay() 25............................................................................................................. 2.4 xTaskCallApplicationTaskHook() 27.................................................................................... 2.5 xTaskCheckForTimeOut() 30................................................................................................ 2.6 xTaskCreate() 32..................................................................................................................... 2.7 xTaskCreateStatic() 37........................................................................................................... 2.8 xTaskCreateRestricted() 41................................................................................................... 2.9 vTaskDelay() 46....................................................................................................................... 2.10 vTaskDelayUntil() 48............................................................................................................... 2.11 vTaskDelete() 51..................................................................................................................... 2.12 taskDISABLE_INTERRUPTS() 53........................................................................................ 2.13 taskENABLE_INTERRUPTS() 55......................................................................................... 2.14 taskENTER_CRITICAL() 56.................................................................................................. 2.15 taskENTER_CRITICAL_FROM_ISR() 59........................................................................... 2.16 taskEXIT_CRITICAL() 61....................................................................................................... 2.1 taskEXIT_CRITICAL_FROM_ISR() 63................................................................................ 2.2 xTaskGetApplicationTaskTag() 65....................................................................................... 2.3 xTaskGetCurrentTaskHandle() 67........................................................................................ 2.4 xTaskGetIdleTaskHandle() 68............................................................................................... 2.1 xTaskGetHandle() 69.............................................................................................................. 2.2 uxTaskGetNumberOfTasks() 71........................................................................................... 2.3 vTaskGetRunTimeStats() 72................................................................................................. 2.4 xTaskGetSchedulerState() 76...............................................................................................六 2.5 uxTaskGetStackHighWaterMark() 77.................................................................................. 2.6 eTaskGetState() 79................................................................................................................. 2.7 uxTaskGetSystemState() 81.................................................................................................. 2.8 vTaskGetTaskInfo() 85........................................................................................................... 2.9 pvTaskGetThreadLocalStoragePointer() 87.......................................................................7 2.10 pcTaskGetName() 89.............................................................................................................. 2.11 xTaskGetTickCount() 90........................................................................................................ 2.12 xTaskGetTickCountFromISR() 92........................................................................................ 2.13 vTaskList() 94........................................................................................................................... 2.14 xTaskNotify() 97....................................................................................................................... 2.15 xTaskNotifyAndQuery() 100.................................................................................................. 2.16 xTaskNotifyAndQueryFromISR() 104.................................................................................. 2.17 xTaskNotifyFromISR() 108.................................................................................................... 2.18 xTaskNotifyGive() 113............................................................................................................ 2.19 vTaskNotifyGiveFromISR() 116............................................................................................ 2.20 xTaskNotifyStateClear() 119.................................................................................................. 2.21 ulTask​ ​ NotifyTake() 121.................................................................................................. 2.22 xTaskNotifyWait() 124............................................................................................................ 2.23 uxTaskPriorityGet() 127.......................................................................................................... 2.24 vTaskPrioritySet() 129............................................................................................................ 2.25 vTaskResume() 131................................................................................................................ 2.26 xTaskResumeAll() 133........................................................................................................... 2.27 xTaskResumeFromISR() 136................................................................................................ 2.28 vTaskSetApplicationTaskTag() 139...................................................................................... 2.29 vTaskSetThreadLocalStoragePointer() 141........................................................................ 2.30 vTaskSetTimeOutState() 143................................................................................................ 2.31 vTaskStartScheduler() 145.................................................................................................... 2.32 vTaskStepTick() 147............................................................................................................... 2.33 vTaskSuspend() 149............................................................................................................... 2.34 vTaskSuspendAll() 151.......................................................................................................... 2.35 taskYIELD() 153...................................................................................................................... 章节 3Queue.................................................................................................................................. API155 3.1 vQueueAddToRegistry() 156................................................................................................. 3.2 xQueueAddToSet() 158.......................................................................................................... 3.3 xQueueCreate() 160............................................................................................................... 3.4 xQueueCreateSet() 162......................................................................................................... 3.5 xQueueCreateStatic() 166..................................................................................................... 3.6 vQueueDelete() 168................................................................................................................ 3.7 pcQueueGetName() 170........................................................................................................ 3.8 xQueueIsQueueEmptyFromISR() 171................................................................................. 3.9 xQueueIsQueueFullFromISR() 172...................................................................................... 3.10 uxQueueMessagesWaiting() 173.......................................................................................... 3.11 uxQueueMessagesWaitingFromISR() 174..........................................................................六 3.12 xQueueOverwrite() 176.......................................................................................................... 3.13 xQueueOverwriteFromISR() 178.......................................................................................... 3.14 xQueuePeek() 180.................................................................................................................. 3.15 xQueuePeekFromISR() 183.................................................................................................. 3.16 xQueueReceive() 184............................................................................................................. 3.17 xQueueReceiveFromISR() 187............................................................................................. 3.18 xQueueRemoveFromSet() 190............................................................................................. 3.19 xQueueReset() 192................................................................................................................. 3.20 xQueueSelectFromSet() 193................................................................................................. 3.21 xQueueSelectFromSetFromISR() 195................................................................................. 3.22 xQueueSend() , xQueueSendToFront() , xQueueSendToBack() 197............... 3.23 xQueueSendFromISR() , xQueueSendToBackFromISR() , xQueueSendToFrontFromISR() ............................................................200 3.24 uxQueueSpacesAvailable() 204............................................................................................ 章节 4Semaphore......................................................................................................................... API206 4.1 vSemaphoreCreateBinary() 207........................................................................................... 4.2 xSemaphoreCreateBinary() 210........................................................................................... 4.3 xSemaphoreCreateBinaryStatic() 213................................................................................. 4.4 xSemaphoreCreateCounting() 216....................................................................................... 4.5 xSemaphoreCreateCountingStatic() 219............................................................................. 4.6 xSemaphoreCreateMutex() 222............................................................................................ 4.7 xSemaphoreCreateMutexStatic() 224.................................................................................. 4.8 xSemaphoreCreateRecursiveMutex() 226.......................................................................... 4.9 xSemaphoreCreateRecursiveMutexStatic() 229................................................................ 4.10 vSemaphoreDelete() 231....................................................................................................... 4.11 uxSemaphoreGetCount() 232............................................................................................... 4.12 xSemaphoreGetMutexHolder() 233...................................................................................... 4.13 xSemaphoreGive() 234.......................................................................................................... 4.14 xSemaphoreGiveFromISR() 236.......................................................................................... 4.15 xSemaphoreGiveRecursive() 239......................................................................................... 4.16 xSemaphoreTake() 242.......................................................................................................... 4.17 xSemaphoreTakeFromISR() 245.......................................................................................... 4.18 xSemaphoreTakeRecursive() 247........................................................................................ 章节 5Software 定时器................................................................................................................. API251 5.1 xTimerChangePeriod() 252.................................................................................................... 5.2 xTimerChangePeriodFromISR() 255.................................................................................... 5.3 xTimerCreate() 257................................................................................................................. 5.4 xTimerCreateStatic() 261.......................................................................................................9 5.5 xTimerDelete() 265.................................................................................................................. 5.1 xTimerGetExpiryTime() ....................................................................................................267 5.1 pcTimerGetName() 269.......................................................................................................... 5.2 xTimerGetPeriod() 270........................................................................................................... 5.3 xTimerGetTimerDaemonTaskHandle() 271........................................................................ 5.4 pvTimerGetTimerID() 272...................................................................................................... 5.5 xTimerIsTimerActive() 274..................................................................................................... 5.6 xTimerPendFunctionCall() 276.............................................................................................. 5.7 xTimerPendFunctionCallFromISR() 278..............................................................................8 5.8 xTimerReset() 281................................................................................................................... 5.9 xTimerResetFromISR() 284................................................................................................... 5.10 vTimerSetTimerID() 286......................................................................................................... 5.11 xTimerStart() 288..................................................................................................................... 5.12 xTimerStartFromISR() 290..................................................................................................... 5.13 xTimerStop() 292..................................................................................................................... 5.14 xTimerStopFromISR() 294..................................................................................................... 章节 6Event 组............................................................................................................................... API296 6.1 xEventGroupClearBits() 297.................................................................................................. 6.2 xEventGroupClearBitsFromISR() 299.................................................................................. 6.3 xEventGroupCreate() 302...................................................................................................... 6.4 xEventGroupCreateStatic() 304............................................................................................ 6.1 vEventGroupDelete() 306...................................................................................................... 6.2 xEventGroupGetBits() 307..................................................................................................... 6.1 xEventGroupGetBitsFromISR() 308..................................................................................... 6.2 xEventGroupSetBits() 309..................................................................................................... 6.3 xEventGroupSetBitsFromISR() 311..................................................................................... 6.1 xEventGroupSync() 314......................................................................................................... 6.2 xEventGroupWaitBits() 318................................................................................................... 章节 7Kernel................................................................................................................. Configuration321 7.1 FreeRTOSConfig.h322............................................................................................................... 7.2 常量开始“INCLUDE_”...........................................................................................................323 7.3 常量开始“配置”.......................................................................................................................327 附录 1: 数据类型和编码样式.................................................................................................. Guide347