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IEEE 802.11aj:2018毫米波无线局域网标准增强
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IEEE Std 802.11aj™-2018 是一个重要的 IEEE 标准,它针对的是信息技术领域中的局域网(Local and Metropolitan Area Networks, LAN/MAN)标准,特别是无线局域网(Wireless Local Area Network, WLAN)的介质访问控制(Medium Access Control, MAC)和物理层(Physical Layer, PHY)规范。该标准是 IEEE 802.11 系列标准的修订版,旨在增强非常高的数据传输速率,以支持中国毫米波频段(60 GHz 和 45 GHz),这些频率在 2016 年的 IEEE Std 802.11ai™、IEEE Std 802.11ah™ 改进的基础上制定。
IEEE Std 802.11aj 的目标是在拥挤的无线环境中提供更高的带宽效率,这对于未来物联网(IoT)、高清视频流和数据中心间通信等高数据需求应用至关重要。通过引入新的技术,如多输入多输出(MIMO)技术、多载波聚合以及可能的新型调制方式,该标准旨在实现高达几十吉比特每秒(Gbps)的无线数据传输能力,相较于传统 Wi-Fi 技术有显著提升。
MAC (Media Access Control) 部分在标准中起着关键作用,它定义了设备如何接入和共享无线信道,确保了网络的高效性和公平性。在 IEEE 802.11aj 中,MAC 层可能会包括新的协调机制来处理毫米波频段特有的信号传播特性,如穿透能力和方向性,以避免干扰和提高网络性能。
PHY (Physical Layer) 规范则关注无线信号的发送、接收和编码,它决定了无线设备间的通信距离、速率和可靠性。毫米波频段的使用意味着设计者必须考虑如何优化信号的衰减、多径效应以及可能的极高路径损耗,因此 PHY 层的标准可能会包含先进的编码方案和抗干扰技术。
此外,IEEE Std 802.11aj™-2018 对于授权许可使用有特定限制,如 Spreadtrum Communications (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. 的独家使用权限,表明该标准并非完全开放,可能存在专利和许可要求。
IEEE Std 802.11aj™-2018 是一项关键的技术进步,它扩展了无线局域网标准以适应毫米波时代的高速数据传输需求,对现代无线通信网络的设计和部署具有深远的影响。对于无线设备制造商、网络运营商和无线技术开发者来说,理解和遵循这一标准是确保系统兼容性、提升性能和保持竞争优势的关键。
15
Copyright © 2018 IEEE. All rights reserved.
10.39a Link adaptation using the CMMG link measurement ......................................................... 152
10.39a.1 General................................................................................................................. 152
10.39a.2 CMMG TPC ........................................................................................................ 152
10.39a.3 CMMG fast link adaptation ................................................................................. 153
10.60 DBC mechanism for CDMG STAs ..................................................................................... 154
10.60.1 General.................................................................................................................154
10.60.2 CDMG channel access......................................................................................... 154
10.60.2.1 CDMG BSS operating on a 2.16 GHz channel ............................... 154
10.60.2.2 CDMG BSS operating on a 1.08 GHz channel ............................... 155
10.60.2.3 Synchronization of CDMG infrastructure BSS or PBSSs on the
adjacent 1.08 GHz channels within a 2.16 GHz channel................. 157
10.60.3 Channel splitting of a 2.16 GHz channel............................................................. 160
10.60.4 Channel expansion of a 1.08 GHz channel.......................................................... 161
10.60.5 Backward compatibility and interoperation......................................................... 162
11. MLME ............................................................................................................................................. 166
11.1 Synchronization ................................................................................................................... 166
11.1.4 Acquiring synchronization, scanning .................................................................. 166
11.1.4.3 Active scanning................................................................................ 166
11.2 Power management.............................................................................................................. 167
11.2.3 Power management in a non-DMG infrastructure network................................. 167
11.2.3.21 CMMG TXOP power save .............................................................. 167
11.2.7 Power management in a PBSS and DMG infrastructure BSS............................. 168
11.2.7.3 PCP power management mode ........................................................ 168
11.32 Spatial sharing and interference mitigation for DMG STAs ............................................... 168
11.32.1 General.................................................................................................................168
11.49 DCS procedure..................................................................................................................... 169
11.49.1 General.................................................................................................................169
11.49.2 Assessing current channel condition.................................................................... 171
11.49.3 Requesting measurements for new operating channel......................................... 171
11.49.4 Reporting measurements...................................................................................... 171
11.49.5 Requesting existing BSS to migrate to a new channel ........................................ 171
11.49.6 Networking on the target channel........................................................................ 172
11.50 CMMG BSS operation......................................................................................................... 172
11.50.1 Basic CMMG BSS functionality ......................................................................... 172
11.50.2 Channel selection methods for a CMMG BSS .................................................... 173
11.50.3 Scanning requirements for CMMG STAs ........................................................... 173
11.50.4 Channel switching methods for a CMMG BSS................................................... 173
11.50.5 NAV assertion in a CMMG BSS......................................................................... 175
11.50.6 CMMG STAs antenna indication ........................................................................ 175
11.50.7 BSS basic CMMG MCS and NSS set operation ................................................. 176
12. Security ............................................................................................................................................ 177
12.2 Framework ........................................................................................................................... 177
12.2.2 Security methods.................................................................................................. 177
24. China directional multi-gigabit (CDMG) PHY specification.......................................................... 178
24.1 CDMG PHY introduction.................................................................................................... 178
24.1.1 Scope....................................................................................................................178
24.1.2 CDMG PHY functions......................................................................................... 178
24.1.2.1 General............................................................................................. 178
Authorized licensed use limited to: Spreadtrum Communications (Shanghai) Co.Ltd. Downloaded on March 15,2019 at 11:00:19 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
16
Copyright © 2018 IEEE. All rights reserved.
24.1.2.2 PHY management entity (PLME).................................................... 178
24.1.2.3 Service specification method ........................................................... 178
24.2 CDMG PHY service interface ............................................................................................. 178
24.2.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................... 178
24.2.2 TXVECTOR and RXVECTOR parameters ........................................................ 179
24.2.3 TXSTATUS parameters ...................................................................................... 181
24.3 Common parameters ............................................................................................................ 181
24.3.1 Channelization ..................................................................................................... 181
24.3.2 Transmit mask...................................................................................................... 182
24.3.3 Common requirements......................................................................................... 182
24.3.3.1 Introduction...................................................................................... 182
24.3.3.2 Center frequency tolerance .............................................................. 182
24.3.3.3 Symbol clock tolerance.................................................................... 182
24.3.3.4 Transmit center frequency leakage .................................................. 183
24.3.3.5 Transmit rampup and rampdown..................................................... 183
24.3.3.6 Antenna setting ................................................................................ 183
24.3.3.7 Maximum input requirement ........................................................... 183
24.3.3.8 Receive sensitivity ........................................................................... 183
24.3.4 Timing-related parameters................................................................................... 184
24.3.5 Mathematical conventions in the signal description............................................ 185
24.3.5.1 General............................................................................................. 185
24.3.5.2 Windowing function ........................................................................ 185
24.3.6 Common preamble............................................................................................... 185
24.3.6.1 General............................................................................................. 185
24.3.6.2 Short Training field.......................................................................... 185
24.3.6.3 Channel Estimation field ................................................................. 186
24.3.7 HCS calculation for headers of CDMG control mode and CDMG SC mode ..... 186
24.3.8 Common LDPC parity matrices .......................................................................... 187
24.3.9 Scrambler ............................................................................................................. 187
24.3.10 Received channel power indicator (RCPI) measurement .................................... 187
24.4 CDMG control mode ........................................................................................................... 187
24.4.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................... 187
24.4.2 PPDU format........................................................................................................ 187
24.4.3 Transmission........................................................................................................ 187
24.4.3.1 Preamble .......................................................................................... 187
24.4.3.2 Header.............................................................................................. 188
24.4.3.3 Data field.......................................................................................... 189
24.4.4 Performance requirements ................................................................................... 189
24.4.4.1 Transmit requirements ..................................................................... 189
24.4.4.2 Receive requirements....................................................................... 190
24.5 CDMG SC mode.................................................................................................................. 190
24.5.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................... 190
24.5.2 PPDU format........................................................................................................ 190
24.5.3 Transmission........................................................................................................ 191
24.5.3.1 Header.............................................................................................. 191
24.5.3.2 The Data field .................................................................................. 193
24.5.4 Performance requirements ................................................................................... 195
24.5.4.1 Transmit requirements ..................................................................... 195
24.5.4.2 Receive requirements....................................................................... 196
24.6 CDMG low-power SC mode ............................................................................................... 197
24.6.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................... 197
24.6.2 Transmission........................................................................................................ 197
24.6.2.1 Preamble .......................................................................................... 197
24.6.2.2 Header.............................................................................................. 197
Authorized licensed use limited to: Spreadtrum Communications (Shanghai) Co.Ltd. Downloaded on March 15,2019 at 11:00:19 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
17
Copyright © 2018 IEEE. All rights reserved.
24.6.2.3 Data field.......................................................................................... 197
24.7 PHY transmit procedure ...
................................................................................................... 197
24.8 PHY receive procedure .......................................
................................................................. 198
24.9 Beamforming ...................................................
.................................................................... 198
24.9.1 Beamforming concept.......................................
................................................... 198
24.9.2 Beamforming frame format ...................................
.............................................. 198
24.9.2.1 Sector-level sweep ......................................
..................................... 198
24.9.2.2 Beam refinement.........................................
..................................... 200
24.10 CDMG PLME..................................................
.................................................................... 202
24.10.1 PLME SAP sublayer management primitives ...................
.................................. 202
24.10.2 CDMG PHY MIB.............................................
................................................... 202
24.10.3 TXTIME calculation.........................................
................................................... 202
24.10.4 PHY characteristics........................................
...................................................... 203
25. China millimeter-wave multi-gigabit (CM
MG) PHY specification................................................ 204
25.1 Introduction................................................
.......................................................................... 204
25.1.1 Introduction to the CMMG PHY ..............................
........................................... 204
25.1.2 Scope.....................................................
...............................................................204
25.1.3 CMMG PHY functions........................................
................................................ 205
25.1.3.1 General..................................................
........................................... 205
25.1.3.2 PHY management entity (PLME).............................
....................... 205
25.1.3.3 Service specification method ..............................
............................. 205
25.1.3.4 PPDU formats .............................................
..................................... 205
25.2 CMMG PHY service interface ...................................
......................................................... 205
25.2.1 Introduction..............................................
............................................................ 205
25.2.2 TXVECTOR and RXVECTOR parameters ...........................
............................. 206
25.3 Common parameters ...........................................
................................................................. 209
25.3.1 Introduction..............................................
............................................................ 209
25.3.2 Common requirements.........................................
................................................ 209
25.3.2.1 Introduction..............................................
........................................ 209
25.3.2.2 Transmit RF delay .........................................
.................................. 209
25.3.2.3 Center frequency tolerance ..............................
................................ 209
25.3.3 Time-related parameters ...................................
................................................... 210
25.3.4 Mathematical conventions in the signal description..........
.................................. 212
25.3.4.1 Notation ................................................
........................................... 212
25.3.4.2 Subcarrier indices in use ................................
.................................. 212
25.3.4.3 Transmitted signal.......................................
..................................... 212
25.3.4.4 Definition of tone rotation for OFDM mode transmission ..
............ 214
25.3.4.5 The windowing function..................................
................................ 215
25.3.5 CMMG PHY preamble..........................................
.............................................. 215
25.3.5.1 General..................................................
........................................... 215
25.3.5.2 CMMG Short Training field ...............................
............................. 215
25.3.5.3 CMMG Channel Estimation field.............................
....................... 216
25.3.6 CRC calculation.............................................
...................................................... 218
25.3.7 Scrambler .................................................
............................................................ 219
25.3.8 Common LDPC parity matrices ...............................
........................................... 220
25.3.8.1 Introduction..............................................
........................................ 220
25.3.8.2 General..................................................
........................................... 220
25.3.9 CMMG SIG ...................................................
...................................................... 222
25.3.9.1 General..................................................
........................................... 222
25.3.9.2 Encoding of SIG .........................................
..................................... 225
25.3.10 Duplication transmission on a 1080
MHz channel .............................................. 225
25.3.11 h
Filt
definition ..................................................................................................... 226
Authorized licensed use limited to: Spreadtrum Communications (Shanghai) Co.Ltd. Downloaded on March 15,2019 at 11:00:19 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
18
Copyright © 2018 IEEE. All rights reserved.
25.3.12 Encoding of Data field......................................................................................... 226
25.3.13 Received channel power indicator (RCPI) measurement .................................... 227
25.4 CMMG control mode........................................................................................................... 228
25.4.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................... 228
25.4.2 PPDU format........................................................................................................ 228
25.4.3 CMMG preamble transmission............................................................................ 228
25.4.4 CMMG control mode SIG transmission.............................................................. 228
25.4.4.1 General............................................................................................. 228
25.4.4.2 Generation of CRC bits.................................................................... 228
25.4.4.3 Scrambler ......................................................................................... 228
25.4.4.4 Encoding .......................................................................................... 228
25.4.4.5 Modulation....................................................................................... 229
25.4.4.6 Spreading ......................................................................................... 229
25.4.5 CMMG control mode Data field.......................................................................... 229
25.4.5.1 General............................................................................................. 229
25.4.5.2 Scrambler ......................................................................................... 229
25.4.5.3 Encoder ............................................................................................ 230
25.4.5.4 Modulation....................................................................................... 230
25.4.5.5 Spreading ......................................................................................... 230
25.4.6 CMMG control mode performance requirements ............................................... 230
25.4.6.1 Transmit requirements ..................................................................... 230
25.4.6.2 Receive requirements....................................................................... 231
25.5 CMMG SC mode ................................................................................................................. 231
25.5.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................... 231
25.5.2 Transmitter block diagram................................................................................... 231
25.5.3 Overview of the PPDU encoding process............................................................ 232
25.5.3.1 General............................................................................................. 232
25.5.3.2 Construction of CMMG SC mode SIG............................................ 232
25.5.3.3 Construction of CMMG SC mode PPDUs ...................................... 232
25.5.4 CMMG SC mode PPDU format .......................................................................... 232
25.5.5 CMMG SC mode SIG transmission .................................................................... 233
25.5.5.1 SIG field........................................................................................... 233
25.5.5.2 Generation of the CRC bits of SIG.................................................. 233
25.5.5.3 Scrambler ......................................................................................... 233
25.5.5.4 Encoding and modulations............................................................... 233
25.5.6 Data field transmission ........................................................................................ 234
25.5.6.1 General............................................................................................. 234
25.5.6.2 Scrambler ......................................................................................... 234
25.5.6.3 Encoding .......................................................................................... 234
25.5.6.4 Symbol block padding zeros............................................................ 234
25.5.6.5 Stream parser ................................................................................... 235
25.5.6.6 Constellation mapping ..................................................................... 236
25.5.6.7 Spatial expansion ............................................................................. 237
25.5.6.8 Duplication transmission ................................................................. 239
25.5.7 Performance requirements ................................................................................... 239
25.5.7.1 Transmit requirements ..................................................................... 239
25.5.7.2 Receive requirements....................................................................... 241
25.6 CMMG OFDM mode .......................................................................................................... 241
25.6.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................... 241
25.6.2 CMMG OFDM mode PPDU format ................................................................... 241
25.6.3 Transmission block diagram................................................................................ 241
25.6.4 Overview of CMMG OFDM mode PPDU encoding process ............................. 242
25.6.4.1 General............................................................................................. 242
25.6.4.2 Construction of CMMG OFDM mode SIG..................................... 242
Authorized licensed use limited to: Spreadtrum Communications (Shanghai) Co.Ltd. Downloaded on March 15,2019 at 11:00:19 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
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Copyright © 2018 IEEE. All rights reserved.
25.6.4.3 Construction of CMMG OFDM mode PPDU ................................. 243
25.6.4.4 Construction of OSTF...................................................................... 243
25.6.4.5 Construction of OCEF ..................................................................... 243
25.6.5 CMMG OFDM mode SIG fields ......................................................................... 244
25.6.5.1 SIG fields ......................................................................................... 244
25.6.5.2 Modulation....................................................................................... 244
25.6.5.3 Duplication....................................................................................... 244
25.6.5.4 Symbol blocking, CSD, and GI insertion ........................................ 244
25.6.5.5 Sample rate change .......................................................................... 244
25.6.6 OSTF definition ................................................................................................... 245
25.6.7 OCEF definition................................................................................................... 245
25.6.8 Data fields ............................................................................................................ 248
25.6.8.1 General............................................................................................. 248
25.6.8.2 Scrambler ......................................................................................... 248
25.6.8.3 Encoding .......................................................................................... 248
25.6.8.4 OFDM symbol padding zeros.......................................................... 248
25.6.8.5 Stream parser ................................................................................... 249
25.6.8.6 Subcarrier modulation mapping....................................................... 249
25.6.8.7 Tone mapping .................................................................................. 252
25.6.8.8 Space-time block coding.................................................................. 252
25.6.8.9 Pilot subcarriers ............................................................................... 253
25.6.8.10 Cyclic shift diversity (CSD) for OFDM mode data fields
transmission ..................................................................................... 253
25.6.8.11 OFDM modulation........................................................................... 254
25.6.8.12 Duplication transmission ................................................................. 255
25.6.8.13 Beamforming ................................................................................... 256
25.6.8.14 CMMG preamble format for sounding PPDU................................. 257
25.6.9 Performance requirements ................................................................................... 258
25.6.9.1 Transmit requirements ..................................................................... 258
25.6.9.2 TX flatness....................................................................................... 259
25.6.9.3 Receive requirements....................................................................... 260
25.7 Analog beamforming PHY frame format ............................................................................ 260
25.7.1 TX sector sweep................................................................................................... 260
25.7.2 Beam refinement.................................................................................................. 260
25.7.2.1 General............................................................................................. 260
25.7.2.2 BRP packet structure ....................................................................... 261
25.7.2.3 BRP packet SIG fields ..................................................................... 261
25.7.2.4 Beam refinement AGC field ............................................................ 261
25.7.2.5 Beam refinement TRN-R field ........................................................ 262
25.7.2.6 Beam refinement TRN-T field......................................................... 262
25.7.2.7 Channel measurement...................................................................... 262
25.7.2.8 BRP resampling in an OFDM mode packet .................................... 262
25.8 ZCZ sequence ...................................................................................................................... 263
25.9 Regulatory requirements...................................................................................................... 267
25.10 Channelization ..................................................................................................................... 267
25.11 Transmit spectrum mask...................................................................................................... 268
25.12 PHY transmit procedure ...................................................................................................... 268
25.12.1 PHY transmit procedure for a CMMG SC mode transmission ........................... 268
25.12.2 PHY transmit procedure for a CMMG OFDM mode transmission..................... 269
25.13 Receive procedure................................................................................................................ 272
25.13.1 SC mode receive procedure ................................................................................. 272
25.14 CMMG PLME ..................................................................................................................... 273
25.14.1 PLME SAP sublayer management primitive....................................................... 273
25.14.2 PHY MIB............................................................................................................. 273
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