JavaFX2.0快速入门：基于实例解析

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"JavaFX2.0 Introduction.by.Example 是一本针对JavaFX2.0的基础入门教程，适合初学者了解和学习这一GUI工具包。本书通过实例教学，帮助开发者快速构建丰富的跨平台应用程序。" JavaFX2.0是Java开发的下一代图形用户界面（GUI）工具包，旨在让开发者能够快速构建具有丰富功能的跨平台应用。它的设计从底层开始，充分利用现代GPU的硬件加速图形功能，同时提供了良好的编程接口，让开发者可以轻松地将图形、动画和UI控件结合起来。 JavaFX2.0的关键架构策略包括对现有Java库的复用以及在运行在JVM上的其他语言（如Visage、Jython、Groovy、JRuby和Scala）之间的通信桥接。这种设计使得JavaFX2.0成为一个纯粹的Java语言API，增强了其可扩展性和与其他Java技术的集成性。书中详细介绍了以下几个方面： 1. **Chapter1: JavaFX Fundamentals** - 这一章涵盖了JavaFX的基础知识，包括环境设置、基本组件、布局管理器、事件处理和 scenegraph的概念。Scenegraph是JavaFX中的核心概念，它是一种对象树结构，用于描述用户界面的视觉表示。 2. **Chapter2: Graphics with JavaFX** - 本章深入讲解如何利用JavaFX创建图形和视觉效果，包括自定义形状、颜色、渐变、阴影、变换以及使用Path和Shape类进行复杂的图形绘制。 3. **Chapter3: Media with JavaFX** - 这一部分主要讲述如何在JavaFX应用中集成多媒体元素，如音频和视频的播放、控制，以及处理媒体文件的基本操作。 4. **Chapter4: JavaFX on the Web** - 该章节涉及JavaFX与Web的结合，讲解如何在网页中嵌入JavaFX应用，使用Web引擎，以及实现与Web服务的交互。书中的附录，包括作者简介、技术审阅者信息、致谢和索引，为读者提供了额外的背景资料和便利的导航工具。通过阅读这本教程，读者将掌握JavaFX2.0的基本概念和技术，具备开发富客户端应用的能力，并能理解如何利用JavaFX的优势构建美观、高效的跨平台图形用户界面。无论是对于个人项目还是企业级应用，JavaFX2.0都提供了一套强大的工具和框架，使得Java开发者能够快速适应现代GUI开发的需求。

CHAPTER 1  JAVAFX FUNDAMENTALS

|projects

|helloworld

|HelloWorldMain.java

| helloworldmain

|HelloWorldMain.class

With the preceding directory structure in mind, the following commands will compile and run our

JavaFX Hello World application:

cd /projects/helloworld

javac –d . HelloWorldMain.java

java helloworldmain.HelloWorldMain

 Note There are many ways to package and deploy JavaFX applications. To learn more, please see “Learning

how to deploy and package JavaFX applications” at

http://blogs.oracle.com/thejavatutorials/entry/javafx_2_0_beta_packager. For in-depth JavaFX

deployment strategies, see Oracle’s “Deploying JavaFX Applications” at

http://download.oracle.com/javafx/2.0/deployment/deployment_toolkit.htm.

In both solutions you’ll notice in the source code that JavaFX applications extend the

javafx.application.Application class. The Application class provides application life cycle functions

such as launching and stopping during runtime. This also provides a mechanism for Java applications to

launch JavaFX GUI components in a threadsafe manner. Keep in mind that synonymous to Java Swing’s

event dispatch thread, JavaFX will have its own JavaFX application thread.

In our main() method’s entry point we launch the JavaFX application by simply passing in the

command line arguments to the Application.launch() method. Once the application is in a ready state,

the framework internals will invoke the start() method to begin. When the start() method is invoked,

a JavaFX javafx.stage.Stage object is available for the developer to use and manipulate.

You’ll notice that some objects are oddly named, such as Stage or Scene. The designers of the API

have modeled things similar to a theater or a play in which actors perform in front of an audience. With

this same analogy, in order to show a play, there are basically one-to-many scenes that actors perform

in. And, of course, all scenes are performed on a stage. In JavaFX the Stage is equivalent to an application

window similar to Java Swing API JFrame or JDialog. You may think of a Scene object as a content pane

capable of holding zero-to-many Node objects. A Node is a fundamental base class for all scene graph

nodes to be rendered. Commonly used nodes are UI controls and Shape objects. Similar to a tree data

structure, a scene graph will contain children nodes by using a container class Group. We’ll learn more

about the Group class later when we look at the ObservableList, but for now we can think of them as Java

Lists or Collections that are capable of holding Nodes.

Once the child nodes have been added, we set the primaryStage’s (Stage) scene and call the show()

method on the Stage object to show the JavaFX window.

One last thing: in this chapter most of the example applications will be structured the same as this

example in which recipe code solutions will reside inside the start() method. Having said this, most of

the recipes in this chapter will follow the same pattern. In other words, for the sake of brevity, much of

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JavaFX2.0快速入门：基于实例解析

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