Processing入门：探索图像编程与交互

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"Learning Processing" 是一本面向初学者的编程指南，专为那些希望在图像处理、动画和互动领域入门的人设计。这本书属于 Morgan Kaufmann 系列，专注于计算机图形学教育。作者 Daniel Shiffman 以其深入浅出的方式，引导读者理解和应用 Processing 这个强大的编程环境，它通常被用于创意表达和实验性编程。 Processing 是一个基于 Java 的开源编程语言，特别适合视觉艺术、设计和交互式媒体项目。通过本书，读者可以学习如何编写代码来控制图像的绘制、动画的创建，以及如何实现用户界面的交互。它强调实践和动手能力，让读者能够在实践中学习编程逻辑和美学设计。书中可能包含以下知识点： 1. **Processing语法基础**：介绍 Processing 语言的关键概念，如变量、数据类型、流程控制（循环和条件语句）等，帮助读者掌握编程的基本语法结构。 2. **图像处理与图形编程**：讲解如何使用 Processing 处理像素数据，实现滤镜、纹理映射和图像合成等效果，以及基本的图形算法和数据结构。 3. **动画原理与实现**：介绍帧动画、逐帧动画、运动路径动画等，以及如何通过时间参数控制动画效果。 4. **交互设计**：探讨如何设计用户输入响应，包括鼠标、键盘事件，以及如何构建简单的交互式应用程序。 5. **模块化编程和类的概念**：虽然 Processing 是基于 Java 的，但书中可能会涉及如何组织代码以实现模块化和复用，以及面向对象编程的基本概念。 6. **案例研究与项目实践**：书中可能包含一系列实际项目示例，让读者能够跟随指导进行练习，提升实际操作能力。其他提到的书籍如 "Digital Modeling of Material Appearance"、"Mobile 3D Graphics with OpenGLES and M3G" 等，展示了 Processing 在更广泛领域的应用，如材料建模、移动设备上的3D图形开发，以及医学可视化中的角色。此外，还有关于 Maya 编程、OpenGL图形编程、几何代数在计算机科学中的应用，以及高级图像处理技术如高动态范围成像等，这些内容都与 Processing 相关，表明 Processing 不仅仅局限于图像处理，还延伸到3D图形和复杂图形处理技术。 "Learning Processing" 是一本全面的入门指南，适合任何希望通过 Processing 开启数字艺术和编程世界大门的学习者，无论他们是设计师、艺术家还是工程师，都能从中找到所需的知识和技能。

Introduction xv

 is book’s web site is not a substitute for the amazing resource that is the oﬃ cial Processing web site:

http://www.processing.org .  ere, you will ﬁ nd the Processing reference, many more examples, and a lively

forum.

Take It One Step at a Time

 e Philosophy of Incremental Development

 ere is one more thing we should discuss before we embark on this journey together. It is an important

driving force behind the way I learned to program and will contribute greatly to the style of this book.

As coined by a former professor of mine, it is called the “ philosophy of incremental development. ” Or

perhaps, more simply, the “ one-step-at-a-time approach. ”

Whether you are a total novice or a coder with years of experience, with any programming project, it is

crucial not to fall into the trap of trying to do too much all at once. Your dream might be to create the

uber- Processing program that, say, uses Perlin noise to procedurally generate textures for 3D vertex shapes

that evolve via the artiﬁ cial intelligence of a neural network that crawls the web mining for today’s news

stories, displaying the text of these stories onscreen in colors taken from a live video feed of a viewer in

front of the screen who can control the interface with live microphone input by singing.

 ere is nothing wrong with having grand visions, but the most important favor you can do for yourself

is to learn how to break those visions into small parts and attack each piece slowly, one at a time.  e

previous example is a bit silly; nevertheless, if you were to sit down and attempt to program its features all

at once, I am pretty sure you would end up using a cold compress to treat your pounding headache.

To demonstrate, let’s simplify and say that you aspire to program the game Space Invaders (see: http://

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Invaders ). While this is not explicitly a game programming book, the skills to

accomplish this goal will be found here. Following our newfound philosophy, however, we know we need

to develop one step at a time, breaking down the problem of programming Space Invaders into small

parts. Here is a quick attempt:

1. Program the spaceship.

2. Program the invaders.

3. Program the scoring system.

Great, we divided our program into three steps! Nevertheless, we are not at all ﬁ nished.  e key is to

divide the problem into the smallest pieces possible, to the point of absurdity, if necessary. You will learn

to scale back into larger chunks when the time comes, but for now, the pieces should be so small that

they seem ridiculously oversimpliﬁ ed. After all, if the idea of developing a complex game such as Space

Invaders seems overwhelming, this feeling will go away if you leave yourself with a list of steps to follow,

each one simple and easy.

With that in mind, let’s try a little harder, breaking Step 1 from above down into smaller parts.  e idea

here is that you would write six programs, the ﬁ rst being the simplest: display a triangle . With each step,

we add a small improvement: move the triangle. As the program gets more and more advanced, eventually

we will be ﬁ nished.

xvi Introduction

1.1 Draw a triangle onscreen.  e triangle will be our spaceship.

1.2 Position the triangle at the bottom of the screen.

1.3 Position the triangle slightly to the right of where it was before.

1.4 Animate the triangle so that it moves from position left to right.

1.5 Animate the triangle from left to right only when the right-arrow key is pressed.

1.6 Animate the triangle right to left when the left-arrow key is pressed.

Of course, this is only a small fraction of all of the steps we need for a full Space Invaders game, but

it demonstrates a vital way of thinking.  e beneﬁ ts of this approach are not simply that it makes

programming easier (which it does), but that it also makes “ debugging ” easier.

Debugging

refers to the process of ﬁ nding defects in a computer program and ﬁ xing them so that the

program behaves properly. You have probably heard about bugs in, say, the Windows operating system:

miniscule, arcane errors deep in the code. For us, a bug is a much simpler concept: a mistake. Each time

you try to program something, it is very likely that something will not work as you expected, if at all. So

if you start out trying to program everything all at once, it will be very hard to ﬁ nd these bugs.  e one-

step-at-a-time methodology, however, allows you to tackle these mistakes one at a time, squishing the

bugs.

In addition, incremental development lends itself really well to object-oriented programming , a core

principle of this book. Objects, which will be introduced in Lesson 3, Chapter 8, will help us to develop

projects in modular pieces as well as provide an excellent means for organizing (and sharing) code.

Reusability will also be key. For example, if you have programmed a spaceship for Space Invaders and

want to start working on asteroids, you can grab the parts you need (i.e., the moving spaceship code), and

develop the new pieces around them.

Algorithms

When all is said and done, computer programming is all about writing algorithms . An algorithm is

a sequential list of instructions that solves a particular problem. And the philosophy of incremental

development (which is essentially an algorithm for you, the human being, to follow) is designed to make

it easier for you to write an algorithm that implements your idea.

As an exercise, before you get to Chapter 1, try writing an algorithm for something you do on a daily

basis, such as brushing your teeth. Make sure the instructions seem comically simple (as in “ Move the

toothbrush one centimeter to the left ” ).

Imagine that you had to provide instructions on how to accomplish this task to someone entirely

unfamiliar with toothbrushes, toothpaste, and teeth.  at is how it is to write a program. A computer is

nothing more than a machine that is brilliant at following precise instructions, but knows nothing about

the world at large. And this is where we begin our journey, our story, our new life as a programmer. We

begin with learning how to talk to our friend, the computer.

 e term “ debugging ” comes from the apocryphal story of a moth getting stuck in the relay circuits of one of computer scientist

Grace Murray Hopper’s computers.

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