SMPTE ST274-2008：1920x1080电视图像样本结构与多帧率数字时序

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"SMPTE ST 274 2008"标准是关于电视1920 x 1080图像样本结构、数字表示和多帧率数字定时参考序列的规范。此标准详细定义了高清电视（HDTV）1920x1080分辨率的图像结构和系统色彩特性，旨在确保不同设备间视频信号的兼容性和一致性。它涵盖了以下几个关键知识点： 1. **范围**：标准适用于采用1920x1080像素分辨率的电视图像，包括在多种帧率下的数字表示和定时参考。 2. **符合性记号**：这部分规定了如何判断设备是否符合该标准，以及如何进行一致性测试。 3. **规范性引用**：列出了一系列参考的其他标准和技术文档，这些是理解和实施SMPTE 274M-2008所必需的。 4. **一般性**：概述了标准适用的基本原则和通用要求。 5. **图像结构**：详细描述了图像的像素布局，包括行和列的数量，以及图像的纵横比。 6. **系统色度**：定义了颜色空间和色彩传递的参数，如YCbCr色彩模型，以及与色彩空间相关的技术要求。 7. **栅格结构**：定义了像素阵列的布局，包括场顺序、行和列的排列。 8. **数字图像表示**：明确了像素数据的编码方式，可能包括位深度、量化和压缩等信息。 9. **数字定时参考序列**：规定了起始和结束行同步（SAV，EAV）信号的序列，这对于保持图像的精确同步至关重要。 10. **模拟同步**：描述了在模拟接口中如何处理同步信号，包括行同步和场同步。 11. **模拟接口**：定义了与模拟设备交互时的信号规格，包括幅度、频率和阻抗匹配。此外，标准还包含多个附录，例如： - **附录A：逐行分段帧接口**：讨论了适用于某些特定应用场景的帧结构。 - **附录B：辅助数据**：涵盖了传输元数据和其他非图像数据的方式。 - **附录C：位并行接口**：定义了在并行传输中处理图像数据的标准。 - **附录D：预滤波和后滤波特性**：阐述了处理图像信号时滤波器的使用和性能要求。 - **附录E：制作光圈**：讨论了图像区域的定义，这影响到实际图像的可见部分。 - **附录F：参考文献**：提供了相关标准和技术文献的列表。这个标准对于电视广播、视频制作、后期制作以及相关硬件和软件开发者来说至关重要，因为它确保了1920x1080分辨率视频的互操作性和质量标准。

SMPTE 274M-2008

Page 7 of 35 pages

7.2 In a progressive system, the assignment of lines within a frame shall be:

– Vertical blanking: lines 1 though 41 inclusive (including vertical sync, lines 1 through 5 inclusive) and

lines 1122 through 1125; and

– Picture: 1080 lines, 42 through 1121 inclusive.

7.3 In an interlaced system, the first field shall comprise 563 lines including:

– Vertical blanking: lines 1 though 20 inclusive and lines 561 through 563; and

– Picture: 540 lines, 21 through 560 inclusive.

The second field shall comprise 562 lines, including:

– Vertical blanking: lines 564 through 583 inclusive and lines 1124 and 1125; and

– Picture: 540 lines, 584 through 1123 inclusive.

Interlaced analog vertical sync shall be located on lines 1 through 5 for the first field and from halfway through

line 563 to halfway through line 568 for the second field.

7.4 During time intervals not otherwise used, the R’, G’, B’ or Y’, P’

, C’

, P’

and C’

components shall have a

blanking level corresponding to zero.

7.5 The production aperture defines a region 1920 samples by 1080 lines. The horizontal extent of the

production aperture shall have the 50% point of its leading transition at reference luminance sample 0 and the

50% point of its trailing transition at luminance sample 1919. The production aperture defines the maximum

extent of picture information. For further information, consult informative Annex E.

7.6 The clean aperture of the picture defines a region 1888 samples in width by 1062 lines high, symmetrically

located in the production aperture. The clean aperture shall be substantially free from transient effects due to

blanking and picture processing.

7.7 The aspect ratio of the image represented by the production aperture and the clean aperture shall be 16:9.

The sample aspect ratio is 1:1 (square pixels).

7.8 The center of the picture shall be located at the center of the 1920x1080 sample structure, midway

between sample number 959 and 960, and midway between lines 581 and 582 in a progressive system, and

midway between lines 291 and 853 in an interlaced and segmented frame system.

7.9 Each edge of the picture width, measured at the 50% amplitude point, shall lie within six reference clock

intervals of the production aperture.

NOTE – Ancillary signals, as distinct from ancillary data, may be conveyed in a progressive system during lines 7 through

41 inclusive, and in an interlaced system during lines 7 through 20 inclusive and lines 569 through 583 inclusive. The

portion within each of these lines that may be used for ancillary data is defined in Annex B.3. Ancillary signals shall not

convey picture information although they may be employed to convey other related or unrelated signals, coded similarly to

picture information. Further specifications of ancillary signals is outside the scope of this standard.

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