POSIX线程编程指南

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"Programming with POSIX Threads" 是一本关于多线程编程的经典著作,由 David R. Butenhof 编写,由 Addison-Wesley 出版。本书主要关注于使用 POSIX 线程(通常称为 Pthreads)在 UNIX 和类 UNIX 操作系统(如 Linux、Solaris、HP-UX、AIX 等)上进行多线程编程的技术和实践。 在多线程编程中,POSIX 线程(POSIX threads 或 Pthreads)是标准的接口,它允许开发者创建和管理线程,以充分利用多核处理器的能力和提高程序的并发性能。Pthreads API 提供了一套丰富的函数,用于创建、同步、通信和管理线程。例如,`pthread_create()` 函数用于创建新线程,`pthread_join()` 用于等待线程结束,`pthread_mutex_t` 类型代表互斥锁,用于确保对共享资源的互斥访问,`pthread_cond_t` 表示条件变量,用于线程间的同步等待。 本书深入探讨了如何在实际应用中使用这些 API,包括线程的生命周期管理、线程安全、同步机制(如互斥锁、条件变量、读写锁、屏障)、信号量、线程局部存储以及线程池等概念。通过实例代码和详细的解释,读者可以学习到如何有效地避免竞态条件、死锁和其他并发问题。 此外,书中还涉及了与线程相关的操作系统内核调度、内存模型和性能优化等内容。对于那些需要开发高效、可靠的多线程应用程序的软件工程师来说,掌握 POSIX 线程是必不可少的技能。书中不仅介绍了理论知识,还提供了实际操作的技巧,帮助开发者解决在多线程编程中可能遇到的实际挑战。 在 Linux 环境下,Pthreads 是标准的一部分,这意味着开发者可以编写可移植的多线程代码,这些代码不仅能在 Linux 上运行,还可以在其他支持 POSIX 标准的操作系统上运行。因此,本书对于那些在 UNIX 或 Linux 平台上工作的系统程序员和软件开发者具有极高的价值。 《Programming with POSIX Threads》是一本全面介绍 POSIX 线程编程的权威指南,对于想要提升在多线程编程领域专业技能的 IT 从业者来说,是不可或缺的参考书籍。通过对本书的学习,读者可以深入理解多线程编程的核心原理,并能够利用这些知识来构建高效、稳定的多线程应用程序。

The Sleeping Teaching Assistant A university computer science department has a teaching assistant (TA) who helps undergraduate students with their programming assignments during regular office hours. The TA’s office is rather small and has room for only one desk with a chair and computer. There are three chairs in the hallway outside the office where students can sit and wait if the TA is currently helping another student. When there are no students who need help during office hours, the TA sits at the desk and takes a nap. If a student arrives during office hours and finds the TA sleeping, the student must awaken the TA to ask for help. If a student arrives and finds the TA currently helping another student, the student sits on one of the chairs in the hallway and waits. If no chairs are available, the student will come back at a later time. Using POSIX threads, mutex locks, and/or semaphores, implement a solution that coordinates the activities of the TA and the students. Details for this assignment are provided below. Using Pthreads, begin by creating N students. Each will run as a separate thread. The TA will run as a separate thread as well. Student threads will alternate between programming for a period of time and seeking help from the TA. If the TA is available, they will obtain help. Otherwise, they will either sit in a chair in the hallway or, if no chairs are available, will resume programming and will seek help at a later time. If a student arrives and notices that the TA is sleeping, the student must notify the TA using a semaphore. When the TA finishes helping a student, the TA must check to see if there are students waiting for help in the hallway. If so, the TA must help each of these students in turn. If no students are present, the TA may return to napping. Perhaps the best option for simulating students programming—as well as the TA providing help to a student—is to have the appropriate threads sleep for a random period of time using the sleep() API:

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