List of Figures xv
3.17.3When γ = 15% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
3.17.4When γ = 25% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
3.18
Gaussian-based power production curves for day-ahead forecast
considering the two cases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
3.18.1Power curve when σ is 1 and battery size is 294kWh . . . . 75
3.18.2
Power curve when
σ
is 1,
γ
is 10%, and battery size is 834kWh
75
4.1 General configuration of a synchronous production line . . . . . . 82
4.2 An SPL system with 13 virtual cells and 4 machines. . . . . . . . 84
4.3 Power consumption blocks and additional energy from DERs. . . 88
4.4 DR mechanism and available power levels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
4.5 A DFSM for an SPL system with three machines . . . . . . . . . 92
4.6 DR timelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
4.7 Feasible schedule under DR constraint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
4.8 Prefix searching example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
4.9 Optimal sub-word searching example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
4.10
Shortest path to the optimal schedule (phase 3) marked in red
dotted lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
4.11.1Arrival processes using Equation (4.8) . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
4.12
Analytical power consumption of machine
M
2
using Equation (4.14)
which is derived from the effective utilization function. . . . . . . 104
4.14
OMNET++ network description of the SPL system with 4 machines.
105
4.15 The OMNET++-based SPL system in action. . . . . . . . . . . . 106
4.16 OMNET++ time line graph for the SPL system. . . . . . . . . . 106
4.21 Real-time status of the pump during DR periods. . . . . . . . . . 114
0
4.11
四台机器的到达和离开过程、利用率和有效利用率,机器1、2、3和4的处理时间
分别为3s、6s、9s和12s。.................103
0
4.11.2使用方程(4.10)的离开过程...........1034.11.3
使用方程(4.13)的利用率................1034.11.4
使用方程(4.11)的有效利用率................103
0
4.13METRONLab服务器上典型生产过程的实际功率消耗。.................
........104
0
4.17用于实施OpenADR的测试平台。.................1104.18
VTN的Web界面。.......................1124.19DR事件的参数。......
.................1124.20正常时期泵的实时状态。..................
113
0
5.1本论文的工作总结.................118