精通Python构建RESTful Web服务

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"Building RESTful Python Web Services" 是一本专为全球广泛使用的Python开发者设计的书籍，旨在教授如何利用Python构建RESTful架构的高质量Web服务。这本书将介绍Python、Django、Flask和Tornado等流行的框架以及相关的库和工具，帮助读者掌握开发RESTful API的技能。书中详细探讨了每个框架，包括它们在构建不同Web服务中的应用，提供了何时选择特定框架以获得最佳效果的案例和最佳实践。作者Gastón C. Hillar通过深入讲解以下关键概念和技术，确保读者能够成功地开发RESTful API： 1. 请求处理：理解如何处理HTTP请求，包括GET、POST、PUT、DELETE等操作。 2. URL映射：学习如何将URL与特定的视图函数关联，以处理不同的请求路径。 3. 序列化：将Python对象转换为JSON或其他可跨网络传输的格式，以便客户端能理解和使用。 4. 验证：验证接收到的数据的有效性，确保数据的安全和准确。 5. 认证：实现用户身份验证机制，如令牌认证或OAuth2，保护API资源不被未授权访问。 6. 授权：控制不同用户对资源的访问权限，实现细粒度的权限管理。 7. 版本控制：处理API版本升级，确保向后兼容性。 8. ORM（对象关系映射）：使用如SQLAlchemy等库简化数据库操作。 9. 数据库：了解如何与各种数据库（如SQLite、MySQL、PostgreSQL等）集成。 10. 自定义模型和视图代码：根据需求编写定制的业务逻辑。 11. 异步回调：使用Tornado等框架实现非阻塞I/O，提高Web服务的性能和可扩展性。在每个框架部分的结尾，作者会介绍如何为RESTful API添加安全性和认证功能，并编写测试用例以确保API的稳定性和可靠性。此外，尽管书中的信息尽可能准确，但读者应意识到编程领域的发展速度很快，出版时的信息可能已经有所更新。因此，读者在实际应用中还需结合最新的技术动态和文档进行学习。本书适合有一定Python基础并希望提升到Web服务开发领域的读者，无论是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，都能从中受益，掌握构建轻量、可维护、可扩展且安全的RESTful Python Web服务的知识和技巧。

Preface

[ 2 ]

What this book covers

Chapter 1, Developing RESTful APIs with Django, in this chapter we will start working with

Django and Django REST Framework, and we will create a RESTful Web API that performs

CRUD (Create, Read, Update and Delete) operations on a simple SQLite database.

Chapter 2, Working with Class-Based Views and Hyperlinked APIs in Django, in this chapter we

will expand the capabilities of the RESTful API that we started in the previous chapter. We

will change the ORM settings to work with a more powerful PostgreSQL database and we

will take advantage of advanced features included in Django REST Framework that allow

us to reduce boilerplate code for complex APIs, such as class based views.

Chapter 3, Improving and Adding Authentication to an API with Django, in this chapter we will

improve the RESTful API that we started in the previous chapter. We will add unique

constraints to the model and update the database. We will make it easy to update single

fields with the PATCH method and we will take advantage of pagination. We will start

working with authentication, permissions and throttling.

Chapter 4, Throttling, Filtering, Testing and Deploying an API with Django, in this chapter we

will take advantage of many features included in Django REST Framework to define

throttling policies. We will use filtering, searching and ordering classes to make it easy to

configure filters, search queries and desired order for the results in HTTP requests. We will

use the browsable API feature to test these new features included in our API. We will write

a first round of unit tests, measure test coverage and then write additional unit tests to

improve test coverage. Finally, we will learn many considerations for deployment and

scalability.

Chapter 5, Developing RESTful APIs with Flask, in this chapter we will start working with

Flask and its Flask-RESTful extension. We will create a RESTful Web API that performs

CRUD operations on a simple list.

Chapter 6, Working with Models, SQLAlchemy, and Hyperlinked APIs in Flask, in this chapter

we will expand the capabilities of the RESTful API that we started in the previous chapter.

We will use SQLAlchemy as our ORM to work with a PostgreSQL database and we will

take advantage of advanced features included in Flask and Flask-RESTful that will allow us

to easily organize code for complex APIs, such as models and blueprints.

Preface

[ 3 ]

Chapter 7, Improving and Adding Authentication to an API with Flask, in this chapter we will

improve the RESTful API in many ways. We will add user friendly error messages when

resources aren’t unique. We will test how to update single or multiple fields with the

PATCH method and we will create our own generic pagination class. Then, we will start

working with authentication and permissions. We will added a user model and we will

update the database. We will make many changes in the different pieces of code to achieve

a specific security goal and we will take advantage of Flask-HTTPAuth and passlib to use

HTTP authentication in our API.

Chapter 8, Testing and Deploying an API with Flask, in this chapter we will set up a testing

environment. We will install nose2 to make it easy to discover and execute unit tests and we

will create a new database to be used for testing. We will write a first round of unit tests,

measure test coverage and then write additional unit tests to improve test coverage. Finally,

we will learn many considerations for deployment and scalability.

Chapter 9, Developing RESTful APIs with Tornado, we will work with Tornado to create a

RESTful Web API. We will design a RESTful API to interact with slow sensors and

actuators. We will defined the requirements for our API and we will understand the tasks

performed by each HTTP method. We will create the classes that represent a drone and

write code to simulate slow I/O operations that are called for each HTTP request method.

We will write classes that represent request handlers and process the different HTTP

requests and configure the URL patterns to route URLs to request handlers and their

methods.

Chapter 10, Working with Asynchronous Code, Testing, and Deploying an API with Tornado, in

this chapter we will understand the difference between synchronous and asynchronous

execution. We will create a new version of the RESTful API that takes advantage of the non-

blocking features in Tornado combined with asynchronous execution. We will improve

scalability for our existing API and we will make it possible to start executing other requests

while waiting for the slow I/O operations with sensors and actuators. Then, we will set up a

testing environment. We will install nose2 to make it easy to discover and execute unit tests.

We will wrote a first round of unit tests, measure test coverage and then write additional

unit tests to improve test coverage. We will create all the necessary tests to have a complete

coverage of all the lines of code.

What you need for this book

This book will guide you through the installation of all the tools that you need to follow the

examples. You will need to install Webstorm version 10 to effectively run the code samples

present in this book.

Preface
[ 6 ]
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