深入学习高级Bash脚本教程：迈向中级/高级阶段

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"《高级Bash脚本指南》(Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide)是一本深入探讨shell脚本艺术的详尽教程，由Mendel Cooper撰写，电子邮箱地址为<the_grendel.abs@gmail.com>。本书特别适合那些对编程和脚本技术无基础但希望快速提升至中级或高级水平的学习者。作者巧妙地融入了Unix®的智慧和传统，使这不仅是一本教材，也是一本自我学习的手册，以及关于shell脚本技巧的权威参考书。书中强调实践学习的重要性，鼓励读者积极参与通过大量带有详尽注释的实例进行的实践活动，认为只有通过编写脚本来真正掌握这一技能。作者Mc（可能指代Mendel Cooper）在不同的修订版本中持续更新内容，包括6.2版的'ROWANBERRY'发布、6.3版的'SWOZZLEBERRY'更新，以及最终的6.4版的'VORTEXBERRY'发行，确保了信息的时效性和深度。本书特别适合用作课堂教学，作为编程概念的基础入门。它以Shell编程为核心，分为两个主要章节： 1. 第一章：Shell编程! - 这章可能是对shell语言基础的介绍，包括shell环境的设置、变量、命令操作和控制结构等内容，引导读者理解shell编程的基本原理。 2. 第二章：从Bash-Sha开始 - 2.1 召唤脚本：这部分会讲解如何启动和执行脚本，包括如何正确指定脚本路径、执行权限等。 - 2.2 起步练习：提供一系列初级练习，旨在帮助读者熟悉脚本环境，通过解决实际问题来学习基本语法和逻辑。此外，书中的每个章节都可能包含深入的技巧、最佳实践以及一些高级主题，比如错误处理、文件操作、函数定义、条件语句和循环等，这些都是高级Bash脚本开发的核心要素。无论是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，都能从中找到有价值的提升和扩展知识的机会。" 请注意，由于篇幅限制，上述概括并未涉及整个教程的所有细节，但已经涵盖了书籍的主要特点和教学大纲的核心内容。深入阅读时，读者将体验到作者对于Bash脚本教学的全面和深入。

bash$ cp /home/bozo/current_work/junk/* .

Copy all the "junk" files to $PWD.

"dot" character match. When matching characters, as part of a regular expression, a "dot" matches a

single character.

partial quoting [double quote]. "STRING" preserves (from interpretation) most of the special

characters within STRING. See Chapter 5.

full quoting [single quote]. 'STRING' preserves all special characters within STRING. This is a

stronger form of quoting than "STRING". See Chapter 5.

comma operator. The comma operator [16] links together a series of arithmetic operations. All are

evaluated, but only the last one is returned.

let "t2 = ((a = 9, 15 / 3))"

# Set "a = 9" and "t2 = 15 / 3"

The comma operator can also concatenate strings.

for file in /{,usr/}bin/*calc

# ^ Find all executable files ending in "calc"

#+ in /bin and /usr/bin directories.

if [ -x "$file" ]

then

echo $file

done

# /bin/ipcalc

# /usr/bin/kcalc

# /usr/bin/oidcalc

# /usr/bin/oocalc

# Thank you, Rory Winston, for pointing this out.

,, ,

Lowercase conversion in parameter substitution (added in version 4 of Bash).

escape [backslash]. A quoting mechanism for single characters.

\X escapes the character X. This has the effect of "quoting" X, equivalent to 'X'. The \ may be used to

quote " and ', so they are expressed literally.

See Chapter 5 for an in-depth explanation of escaped characters.

Filename path separator [forward slash]. Separates the components of a filename (as in

/home/bozo/projects/Makefile).

This is also the division arithmetic operator.

command substitution. The `command` construct makes available the output of command for

assignment to a variable. This is also known as backquotes or backticks.

Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide

Chapter 3. Special Characters 10

In combination with the >> redirection operator, has no effect on a pre-existing target file (: >>

target_file). If the file did not previously exist, creates it.

This applies to regular files, not pipes, symlinks, and certain special files.

May be used to begin a comment line, although this is not recommended. Using # for a comment

turns off error checking for the remainder of that line, so almost anything may appear in a comment.

However, this is not the case with :.

: This is a comment that generates an error, ( if [ $x -eq 3] ).

The ":" serves as a field separator, in /etc/passwd, and in the $PATH variable.

bash$ echo $PATH

/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/games

A colon is acceptable as a function name.

:()

{

echo "The name of this function is "$FUNCNAME"

# Why use a colon as a function name?

# It's a way of obfuscating your code.

}

# The name of this function is :

This is not portable behavior, and therefore not a recommended practice.

reverse (or negate) the sense of a test or exit status [bang]. The ! operator inverts the exit status of

the command to which it is applied (see Example 6-2). It also inverts the meaning of a test operator.

This can, for example, change the sense of equal ( = ) to not-equal ( != ). The ! operator is a Bash

keyword.

In a different context, the ! also appears in indirect variable references.

In yet another context, from the command line, the ! invokes the Bash history mechanism (see

Appendix K). Note that within a script, the history mechanism is disabled.

wild card [asterisk]. The * character serves as a "wild card" for filename expansion in globbing. By

itself, it matches every filename in a given directory.

bash$ echo *

abs-book.sgml add-drive.sh agram.sh alias.sh

The * also represents any number (or zero) characters in a regular expression.

arithmetic operator. In the context of arithmetic operations, the * denotes multiplication.

** A double asterisk can represent the exponentiation operator or extended file-match globbing.

test operator. Within certain expressions, the ? indicates a test for a condition.

Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide

Chapter 3. Special Characters 12

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