Java编程经典：值得十年珍藏的实战指南

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《Efficient Java》是一本备受赞誉的Java编程经典之作，由Java语言的创始人James Gosling推荐，他认为即使是对Java有一定经验的人，也会从中受益匪浅。这本书不仅涵盖了Java编程语言的基础，还深入探讨了面向对象编程（Object-Oriented Programming, OOP）的最佳实践。评论者Gilad Bracha，作为Cadence Design Systems的杰出工程师和《Java™ Language Specification》第三版的合著者，高度评价了该书，认为它信息丰富且实用，即使在后续的Java Development Kit (JDK) 库更新后，书中的内容依然不过时。 Peter Tran，Java Ranch.com的一位用户，给出了满分10分的评价，强调任何希望写出其他人能够欣赏并易于维护的良好Java代码的人都应该拥有这本书。他个人在JavaOne 2001年大会上听从了James Gosling的建议购买了此书，并强烈支持其价值。资深研究员Keith Edwards也表示，《Efficient Java》非常易读且实用，他对此书赞不绝口，甚至引用了James Gosling的现场推荐。这本书的特点在于它提供了详实、高效的Java编程指导，无论是初学者还是进阶开发者，都能从中学习到编写高质量代码的关键技巧和最佳实践。它覆盖的主题广泛，包括但不限于性能优化、内存管理、并发编程、设计模式以及如何确保代码的可扩展性和可维护性。通过阅读这本书，读者不仅能提升Java编程技能，还能紧跟Java语言的发展趋势，保持技术的前沿性。《Efficient Java》是一本不可多得的Java编程指南，对于想要在Java开发领域取得卓越成就的程序员来说，是提升技能和知识体系的宝贵资源。随着技术的不断进步，它的价值不仅体现在当前，更在于为读者未来的学习和职业生涯奠定坚实基础。

Preface

Preface to the Second Edition

A lot has happened to the Java platform since I wrote the first edition of this book

in 2001, and it’s high time for a second edition. The most significant set of changes

was the addition of generics, enum types, annotations, autoboxing, and the for-each

loop in Java 5. A close second was the addition of the new concurrency library,

java.util.concurrent, also released in Java 5. With Gilad Bracha, I had the good

fortune to lead the teams that designed the new language features. I also had the

good fortune to serve on the team that designed and developed the concurrency

library, which was led by Doug Lea.

The other big change in the platform is the widespread adoption of modern

Integrated Development Environments (IDEs), such as Eclipse, IntelliJ IDEA, and

NetBeans, and of static analysis tools, such as FindBugs. While I have not been

involved in these efforts, I’ve benefited from them immensely and learned how

they affect the Java development experience.

In 2004, I moved from Sun to Google, but I’ve continued my involvement in

the development of the Java platform over the past four years, contributing to the

concurrency and collections APIs through the good offices of Google and the Java

Community Process. I’ve also had the pleasure of using the Java platform to

develop libraries for use within Google. Now I know what it feels like to be a user.

As was the case in 2001 when I wrote the first edition, my primary goal is to

share my experience with you so that you can imitate my successes while avoiding

my failures. The new material continues to make liberal use of real-world exam-

ples from the Java platform libraries.

The first edition succeeded beyond my wildest expectations, and I’ve done my

best to stay true to its spirit while covering all of the new material that was

required to bring the book up to date. It was inevitable that the book would grow,

and grow it did, from fifty-seven items to seventy-eight. Not only did I add

twenty-three items, but I thoroughly revised all the original material and retired a

PREFACE

xvi

few items whose better days had passed. In the Appendix, you can see how the

material in this edition relates to the material in the first edition.

In the Preface to the First Edition, I wrote that the Java programming language

and its libraries were immensely conducive to quality and productivity, and a joy

to work with. The changes in releases 5 and 6 have taken a good thing and made it

better. The platform is much bigger now than it was in 2001 and more complex,

but once you learn the patterns and idioms for using the new features, they make

your programs better and your life easier. I hope this edition captures my contin-

ued enthusiasm for the platform and helps make your use of the platform and its

new features more effective and enjoyable.

San Jose, California

April 2008

Preface to the First Edition

In 1996 I pulled up stakes and headed west to work for JavaSoft, as it was then

known, because it was clear that that was where the action was. In the intervening

five years I’ve served as Java platform libraries architect. I’ve designed, imple-

mented, and maintained many of the libraries and served as a consultant for many

others. Presiding over these libraries as the Java platform matured was a once-in-a-

lifetime opportunity. It is no exaggeration to say that I had the privilege to work with

some of the great software engineers of our generation. In the process, I learned a lot

about the Java programming language—what works, what doesn’t, and how to use

the language and its libraries to best effect.

This book is my attempt to share my experience with you so that you can imi-

tate my successes while avoiding my failures. I borrowed the format from Scott

Meyers’s Effective C++ [Meyers98], which consists of fifty items, each convey-

ing one specific rule for improving your programs and designs. I found the format

to be singularly effective, and I hope you do too.

In many cases, I took the liberty of illustrating the items with real-world

examples from the Java platform libraries. When describing something that could

have been done better, I tried to pick on code that I wrote myself, but occasionally

I pick on something written by a colleague. I sincerely apologize if, despite my

best efforts, I’ve offended anyone. Negative examples are cited not to cast blame

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