推荐经典：《Efficient Java》——卓越编程指南

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"《Effective Java》是一本备受赞誉的Java编程指南，由James Gosling（Java语言的发明者）等人推崇，它不仅针对Java编程语言本身提供了深入的建议，而且涵盖了面向对象编程的最佳实践。该书自发布以来，因其内容的实用性和与时俱进性而广受好评。书中强调了编写高质量、可维护的Java代码的重要性，适合任何希望提升编程技能，让他人能欣赏并易于理解其代码的开发者。它详细解析了Java语言的关键特性，包括类设计、异常处理、集合框架、多线程编程以及内存管理等核心主题。许多专业工程师，如Cadence Design Systems的Gilad Bracha和Java Ranch.com的Peter Tran，都给予了高度评价，认为它是Java程序员必备的参考书籍。 Peter Tran甚至给出了满分10分的评价，指出尽管随着Java Development Kit (JDK) 的更新，书中的信息不会过时，因为其内容始终立足于基础且深入浅出。Keith Edwards，一位计算机科学研究实验室的研究人员，也在JavaOne 2001大会上推荐此书，他深感《Effective Java》不仅易读，而且非常实用，是值得购买并长期珍藏的学习资料。《Effective Java》不仅是初学者入门Java的良师益友，也是经验丰富的开发者的持续学习宝典，它对于提升编程效率，遵循最佳实践，以及保持代码的清晰和一致性具有深远的影响。无论是在技术选型还是代码优化方面，这本书都是每个Java开发者不可或缺的一部分。"

Preface

Preface to the Second Edition

A lot has happened to the Java platform since I wrote the first edition of this book

in 2001, and it’s high time for a second edition. The most significant set of changes

was the addition of generics, enum types, annotations, autoboxing, and the for-each

loop in Java 5. A close second was the addition of the new concurrency library,

java.util.concurrent, also released in Java 5. With Gilad Bracha, I had the good

fortune to lead the teams that designed the new language features. I also had the

good fortune to serve on the team that designed and developed the concurrency

library, which was led by Doug Lea.

The other big change in the platform is the widespread adoption of modern

Integrated Development Environments (IDEs), such as Eclipse, IntelliJ IDEA, and

NetBeans, and of static analysis tools, such as FindBugs. While I have not been

involved in these efforts, I’ve benefited from them immensely and learned how

they affect the Java development experience.

In 2004, I moved from Sun to Google, but I’ve continued my involvement in

the development of the Java platform over the past four years, contributing to the

concurrency and collections APIs through the good offices of Google and the Java

Community Process. I’ve also had the pleasure of using the Java platform to

develop libraries for use within Google. Now I know what it feels like to be a user.

As was the case in 2001 when I wrote the first edition, my primary goal is to

share my experience with you so that you can imitate my successes while avoiding

my failures. The new material continues to make liberal use of real-world exam-

ples from the Java platform libraries.

The first edition succeeded beyond my wildest expectations, and I’ve done my

best to stay true to its spirit while covering all of the new material that was

required to bring the book up to date. It was inevitable that the book would grow,

and grow it did, from fifty-seven items to seventy-eight. Not only did I add

twenty-three items, but I thoroughly revised all the original material and retired a

PREFACE

xvi

few items whose better days had passed. In the Appendix, you can see how the

material in this edition relates to the material in the first edition.

In the Preface to the First Edition, I wrote that the Java programming language

and its libraries were immensely conducive to quality and productivity, and a joy

to work with. The changes in releases 5 and 6 have taken a good thing and made it

better. The platform is much bigger now than it was in 2001 and more complex,

but once you learn the patterns and idioms for using the new features, they make

your programs better and your life easier. I hope this edition captures my contin-

ued enthusiasm for the platform and helps make your use of the platform and its

new features more effective and enjoyable.

San Jose, California

April 2008

Preface to the First Edition

In 1996 I pulled up stakes and headed west to work for JavaSoft, as it was then

known, because it was clear that that was where the action was. In the intervening

five years I’ve served as Java platform libraries architect. I’ve designed, imple-

mented, and maintained many of the libraries and served as a consultant for many

others. Presiding over these libraries as the Java platform matured was a once-in-a-

lifetime opportunity. It is no exaggeration to say that I had the privilege to work with

some of the great software engineers of our generation. In the process, I learned a lot

about the Java programming language—what works, what doesn’t, and how to use

the language and its libraries to best effect.

This book is my attempt to share my experience with you so that you can imi-

tate my successes while avoiding my failures. I borrowed the format from Scott

Meyers’s Effective C++ [Meyers98], which consists of fifty items, each convey-

ing one specific rule for improving your programs and designs. I found the format

to be singularly effective, and I hope you do too.

In many cases, I took the liberty of illustrating the items with real-world

examples from the Java platform libraries. When describing something that could

have been done better, I tried to pick on code that I wrote myself, but occasionally

I pick on something written by a colleague. I sincerely apologize if, despite my

best efforts, I’ve offended anyone. Negative examples are cited not to cast blame

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