苹果游戏中心应用开发指南

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"苹果游戏中心应用程序的开发指南" 在iOS平台上，苹果游戏中心（Game Center）为开发者提供了一个集成的游戏排行榜、成就系统以及多人在线对战的平台。编写苹果游戏中心应用程序涉及到一系列技术和流程，包括认证用户、同步游戏数据、处理多玩家交互以及展示成就和排名。首先，开发者需要理解Game Center的基础架构。Game Center服务是基于Apple的Game Kit框架，该框架提供了与Game Center服务器通信的接口，允许游戏应用进行用户身份验证、发送挑战、跟踪成就和分数。开发者需要集成Game Kit库到他们的项目中，并设置相应的代理方法来处理Game Center的事件。其次，游戏应用需要实现用户登录和授权。用户可以通过Game Center的内置界面登录，开发者需要处理登录状态的变化，确保在需要时能够获取到用户的Game Center信息。同时，为了确保游戏的公平性，需要验证用户的身份以防止作弊行为。接着，游戏内的成就系统是Game Center的重要组成部分。开发者需要定义游戏成就并在Game Center的开发者后台配置。当用户在游戏中完成特定任务或达成特定条件时，应用需要调用Game Kit的API报告这些成就，以便在Game Center中更新。此外，积分榜功能也是Game Center的一大特色。开发者需要设置分数提交的逻辑，确保正确地将玩家的分数上传至Game Center服务器。同时，游戏应用可以请求下载最新的积分榜数据，以便在应用内显示。对于多人在线游戏，Game Center提供了匹配服务，可以自动寻找对手或者组队。开发者需要设计匹配算法，并通过Game Kit的匹配API来实现。在多人游戏中，还需要处理网络通信，确保游戏数据的同步和一致性。最后，为了让玩家更好地参与到游戏中，Game Center还支持通知和挑战功能。开发者可以发送通知提醒玩家有新的挑战，或者更新他们在游戏中的状态。这需要正确配置和使用Game Center的通知机制。在实际开发过程中，测试是非常关键的。开发者需要使用Xcode的模拟器和真机设备进行测试，确保Game Center的功能在各种情况下都能正常工作。同时，苹果提供了沙箱环境供开发者测试Game Center的全部特性，避免在正式发布前出现任何问题。编写苹果游戏中心应用程序涵盖了从用户认证、成就系统、积分榜到多人游戏的全面开发过程。通过合理利用Game Kit框架，开发者可以构建出具有吸引力和竞争力的社交化游戏体验。

In addition to passing inline block objects to other methods, it is important that you

also learn how to write methods that accept and work with inline block objects passed

as parameters. Let’s say we have an Objective-C method, sumOf:plus:, which will take

in two parameters of type NSInteger, calculate the sum, and return a 64-bit value of

type long long. This Objective-C method itself will then call a block object that will

calculate the sum and return the result. Here is how we can implement this:

long long (^sum)(NSInteger, NSInteger) =

^(NSInteger value1, NSInteger value2){

return (long long)(value1 + value2);

};

- (long long) sumOf:(NSInteger)paramValue1

plust:(NSInteger)paramValue2{

return sum(paramValue1, paramValue2);

}

Block objects are executed just like C procedures and functions. In the case of the

sum block object that we had before, we can execute it easily as shown here, inside an

Objective-C method:

int (^sum)(int, int) = ^(int value1, int value2){

return value1 + value2;

};

- (int) calculateSumOfTwoNumbersUsingBlockObjects:(int)number1

secondNumber:(int)number2{

return sum(number1, number2);

}

The calculateSumOfTwoNumbersUsingBlockObjects:secondNumber: Objective-C method

calls the sum block object and passes the return value of the block object to the calling

code. Are you starting to see how simple block objects are? I suggest that you start

writing a few block objects in your Xcode projects to just get used to the syntax. I am

quite aware that the syntax of a block object is not exactly desirable as far as

Objective-C developers are concerned, but once you learn the power that block objects

have to offer, you will most likely forget this difficulty in constructing them and instead

focus on the advantages.

One of the most important advantages to block objects is that they can be used inline

and, as a result, passed to other methods as parameters. For example, if we want to

sort an instance of NSMutableArray in an ascending fashion, we could use the

sortUsingComparator: method of the NSMutableArray class as shown here. This method

accepts a block object with two parameters and returns a value of type NSComparison

Result. Because sortUsingComparator: accepts a block object as a parameter, we can

use it for any kind of data and adjust the sorting method as appropriate.

1.1 Introducing GCD and Block Objects | 3

With GCD, Apple decided block objects were the perfect match for what they wanted

to achieve: simplicity in developing multithreaded applications on single or multicore

devices. Think of GCD as a controller object. A controller of what, you might ask? A

controller of a big pool of threads placed in dispatch queues. Dispatch queues are simply

a queue of tasks submitted by the system or by the developer. The tasks will get executed

in the threads, as managed by GCD. So when we talk about dispatch queues, just think

of a queue of tasks.

At the heart of GCD are some global concurrent queues, which can be accessed using

the dispatch_get_global_queue function like so:

dispatch_queue_t dispatchQueue =

dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_LOW, 0);

The first parameter to the method is the priority of the dispatch queue. The second

parameter to the method is reserved and currently should always be set to 0. The higher

the priority of the queue, the faster the tasks inside it get executed (ideally). For the

first parameter, you can pass any of the following values:

DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_HIGH

Tasks inside this queue will get executed with the highest priority.

DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT

Tasks in this queue get executed after the high priority tasks and before the tasks

with low priority.

DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_LOW

Tasks inserted in a queue with low priority will get executed with a priority lower

than the high and medium priority tasks.

DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND

Tasks inside this queue will be scheduled at the lowest priority available to the

system.

In addition to the global concurrent queues, you can also use the main queue. Each

application has at most one main queue. The difference between the main queue and

the global concurrent queues is that the main queue always executes your code on the

main thread, whereas the global concurrent queues will execute your code, depending

on a decision made by the system, on various other threads created and managed by

GCD.

In order to retrieve your application’s main queue, you must use the

dispatch_get_main_queue function like so:

dispatch_queue_t mainQueue = dispatch_get_main_queue();

/* Dispatch tasks to the queue */

1.1 Introducing GCD and Block Objects | 5

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