Oracle Solaris 11.3 网络数据链路管理指南

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"Oracle Solaris 11.3 管理网络数据链路 -164" Oracle Solaris 11.3 是一个强大的操作系统，特别适合企业级服务器和数据中心环境。它提供了先进的网络功能，包括对网络数据链路的精细管理。数据链路层是OSI模型中的第二层，负责在物理网络上建立和维护连接，处理帧的传输。本指南针对Oracle Solaris 11.3中的网络数据链路管理，旨在帮助管理员优化网络性能、提高可靠性，并确保系统的正常运行。在Oracle Solaris 11.3中，管理网络数据链路涉及多个方面： 1. **链接聚合控制协议（LACP）**：LACP允许将多个物理接口聚合在一起形成一个逻辑接口，称为链接聚合组（LAG）。这可以增加带宽，提供故障转移功能，并均衡网络负载。在Oracle Solaris 11.3中，使用`dladm`命令可以创建和配置LACP聚合。 2. **服务质量（QoS）**：通过设置数据链路层的优先级和带宽限制，可以实现QoS策略，确保关键服务如VoIP和视频流的顺畅运行。`dladm`命令也用于设置QoS参数。 3. **网络接口卡（NIC）绑定**：Oracle Solaris 11.3支持将多个NIC绑定到单个逻辑接口，以增强网络连接的可靠性和性能。这种绑定可以通过`ifconfig`或`ipadm`命令进行配置。 4. **VLAN（虚拟局域网）支持**：VLAN技术允许在单一物理网络上创建逻辑上的独立网络，有助于隔离流量并提高安全性。在Oracle Solaris 11.3中，使用`dladm`可以创建和管理VLAN接口。 5. **网络监控与故障检测**：系统提供了工具和机制来监控网络接口的状态，包括接口的带宽使用、错误统计和连接状态。例如，`netstat`命令可以显示网络接口的状态，而`dladm`可以用来检测和诊断网络问题。 6. **动态链接适配器（DLA）框架**：Oracle Solaris 11.3中的DLA框架允许添加新的网络设备驱动程序，而无需重启系统。这使得系统能够支持最新的硬件技术。 7. **网络配置自动化**：Oracle Solaris 11.3引入了网络服务代理（NSA），这是一种自动配置网络接口和服务的方法，可以简化大型网络环境的管理。 8. **故障恢复和冗余**：通过使用多路径I/O（MPIO）和故障切换机制，Oracle Solaris 11.3可以在网络接口或物理链路故障时自动恢复服务，确保高可用性。 9. **IPv4/IPv6双栈支持**：Oracle Solaris 11.3同时支持IPv4和IPv6，允许平滑过渡到下一代互联网协议。 Oracle Solaris 11.3的网络数据链路管理功能提供了全面的网络基础设施控制，使管理员能够有效地管理和优化其网络环境，以适应不断变化的业务需求。通过熟练掌握这些工具和概念，可以确保网络的稳定、高效和安全。

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Features and Components That Are Used to Manage Network Datalinks

Bridged Networks

Bridges connect separate network segments, which are paths between two nodes. When

connected by a bridge, the attached network segments communicate as if they were a single

network segment. Bridges use a packet-forwarding mechanism to connect subnetworks together

and enable a system to transmit packets to their destinations by using the shortest connection

routes. For more information about bridged networks and procedures to administer bridges, see

Chapter 5, “Administering Bridging Features”.

Link Layer Discovery Protocol

Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) enables exchanging of connectivity and management

information between the systems on the network for the purpose of topology discovery. The

information can include system capabilities, management addresses, and other information

relevant to network operations. The network diagnostics service uses LLDP to detect problems

that might lead to limited or degraded network connectivity. For more information about

LLDP and procedures to configure LLDP, see Chapter 6, “Exchanging Network Connectivity

Information With Link Layer Discovery Protocol”.

Data Center Bridging

Data center bridging (DCB) is used to manage the bandwidth, relative priority, and flow control

of multiple traffic types when sharing the same network link, for example, when sharing a

datalink between networking and storage protocols. DCB enables information exchange with

the peers about the features that support converged network by using LLDP. The information

is related to the configurations affecting the integrity of network packets especially in heavy

traffic environments, such as data centers. DCB enables efficient network infrastructure by

consolidating storage area network (SAN) and local area network (LAN) and thereby reducing

operational and management costs in large deployments.

You can configure DCB features such as priority-based flow control (PFC) for the prevention

of packet loss and enhanced transmission selection (ETS) for bandwidth sharing among packets

based on class of service (CoS) priorities. For more information, see Chapter 7, “Managing

Converged Networks by Using Data Center Bridging”.

16 Managing Network Datalinks in Oracle Solaris 11.3 • December 2017

Overview of Link Aggregations

through the aggregation. The underlying links are hidden from external applications. Instead,

the logical datalink aggr1 is accessible.

Benefits of Link Aggregation

Link aggregation has the following benefits:

■

Increased bandwidth – The capacity of multiple links is combined into one logical link.

■

Automatic failover and failback – The traffic from a failed link is automatically switched

over to other working links in the aggregation, thereby achieving high availability.

■

Improved administration – All underlying links are administered as a single unit.

■

Less drain on the network address pool – The entire aggregation can be assigned one IP

address.

Because link aggregation groups multiple links into a single logical datalink, features of

datalinks such as link protection and resource management work well with link aggregations.

For information about link protection, see Chapter 1, “Using Link Protection in Virtualized

Environments” in Securing the Network in Oracle Solaris 11.3. For information about

resource management, see Chapter 7, “Managing Network Resources” in Managing Network

Virtualization and Network Resources in Oracle Solaris 11.3.

Link aggregation overcomes some of the problems that are encountered when using high

availability features with network virtualization, for example IPMP. With link aggregation, you

create the aggregation in a global zone first, then specify it as the underlying link when you

configure the non-global zone. When the zone boots, it is assigned a virtual network interface

card (VNIC) on the link aggregation. Unlike IPMP, which needs to be configured in every non-

global zone, link aggregations are configured in global zones only and provide highly available

VNICs to non-global zones. The global zone can also configure properties such as bandwidth

on the VNICs assigned to the zone.

Note - Link aggregations perform similar functions to IP multipathing (IPMP) to improve

network performance and availability at the datalink layer. For a comparison of these two

technologies, see Appendix A, “Link Aggregations and IPMP: Feature Comparison”.

The following types of link aggregations are supported:

■

Trunk aggregations

■

Datalink multipathing (DLMP) aggregations

For the differences between these two types of link aggregations, see “Comparing Trunk and

DLMP Aggregation” on page 50.

Chapter 2 • Configuring High Availability by Using Link Aggregations 19

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