结构分析:句子的框架是 it was the farthest that…。但 It was…that…在本句中不是
强调句型。it 是指上句中所提到的 150 亿年前形成的巨大云团（a strip of enormous
cosmic clouds some 15 billion light-years from earth）;that 引导的应是一个定语从
句，修饰先行词 the farthest。for 引导的是表示原因的分句，分句中还有 that 引
导的定语从句，修饰 the patterns and structure。
译文：但更重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的有关过去的最为遥远的景象，
因为他们看到的是 150 亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。
7. Thus it happened that when the new factories that were springing up required labor，
tens of thousands of homeless and hungry agricultural workers，with their wives and
children，were forced into the cities in search of work，and any work，under any
condition，that would keep them alive.
结构分析:句子的框架是 it happened that…。it 做形式主语，that 引导的从句做真
正的主语。主语从句中，又有一个由 when 引导的时间状语从句，主句为 tens of
thousands of homeless and hungry agricultural workers…were forced…，时间状语从
句中从句主语 the new factories 又带有一个定语从句 that were springing up; that
would keep them alive 做 work 的定语从句。spring up 意为“发生，出现，建立”。
译文: 于是就出现了这样的情况:正当新办的工厂纷纷建立，需要劳动力的时候，
成千上万无家可归、饥肠辘辘、以农业为生的劳动者携家带口，被迫进入城市;
他们要找活干，不管什么活儿，不论什么条件，只要不被饿死就行。
8. As a result of two or three centuries of scientific investigation we have come to
believe that nature is understandable in the sense that when we ask her questions by
way of appropriate observations and experiments，she will answer truly and reward us
with discoveries that endure.
结构分析:句子的框架是…we have come to believe that…。that 引导的从句做
believe 的宾语从句;此从句中有一个 that 从句作 the sense 的同位语从句;同位语
从句中又套嵌一个由 when 引导的时间状语从句;此时间状语从句又套嵌一个定
语从句 that endure，修饰其先行词 discoveries。by way of 意为“经由，通过…方
法”;reward sb. with 意为“以…报答，酬劳”;endure 此处应译为“持久，持续”,不要
译为“忍受，容忍”。
译文:由于两三个世纪以来的科学研究成果，我们逐渐相信，如果运用合适的观
察和实验方法向大自然探究问题，她会真心实意地给我们答复，并且以永垂不朽
的发现来报答我们。从这个意义上来说，大自然是可以认识的。
9. These new observational capabilities would result in simply a mass of details (省略
if) were it not for the fact that theoretical understanding has reached the stage at
which it is becoming possible to indicate the kind of measurements required for
reliable weather forecasting.
结构分析:句子的框架是 These new observational capabilities would result in simply
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