经典微波工程基础第二版：电磁波理论教材

微波工程

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《微波工程基础第2版》是微波领域的经典教材，由IEEE Press出版，作为电磁波理论系列的一部分，该系列旨在提供最新的研究成果以及长期具有档案价值的经典著作。该书在第2版中对微波工程的基础理论进行了详尽的阐述，涵盖了广泛的议题，包括但不限于： 1. **微波工程基础知识**：介绍了微波技术的基本概念，如微波的物理特性、工作原理和应用范围，这对于理解现代通信、雷达、无线通信系统至关重要。 2. **电磁波理论**：深入探讨了电磁场的理论，包括麦克斯韦方程组及其在微波领域的应用，这为后续的微波设计和分析提供了坚实的数学基础。 3. **散射与衍射**：章节详细讲解了电磁波遇到物体时的相互作用，这是信号传输中的关键环节，对于设计避障、信号传播路径分析等技术有重要作用。 4. **积分方程方法**：这部分介绍了用于解决电磁问题的数学工具，如格林函数和边界条件求解，是微波工程中常用的分析手段。 5. **微分方程方法**：通过解析方法探讨微波电路和系统的动态行为，对于滤波器设计、信号处理和控制系统有指导意义。 6. **天线、传播与微波技术**：讲述了天线设计的基本原理，包括方向性、增益和效率，以及自由空间传播、多径效应等内容，是微波通信和雷达系统的核心组成部分。 7. **电磁场的平面波谱表示**：通过实例演示如何将复杂的电磁场分解为易于分析的平面波，有助于理解和设计频域分析工具。 8. **传输线模型和传输线方法（TLM）**：详细介绍了传输线理论，一种模拟微波电路行为的有效工具，对于设计和仿真微波电路有显著帮助。 9. **导波场理论**：由Robert E. Collin教授编写的《导波场理论》，可能涉及光缆、腔体和腔馈线等结构的电磁场分析。综上，《微波工程基础第2版》不仅适合高级学生和研究人员学习，也是工程师和设计师的必备参考书，它为读者提供了全面而深入的理解微波技术所需的概念和技术。通过对比阅读原著和中文翻译版，读者可以更好地掌握微波工程领域的核心知识。

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xvi PREFACE

lines using distributed circuit models. The propagation of pulse signals is

also covered. The second

part

this

chapter is a long section covering

the

characteristics of

planar

transmission lines, such as microstrip lines, cou-

pled microstrip lines, strip lines,

and

coplanar lines or waveguides.

The

treatment

is considerably broader

than

what is available in any

other

current

text. Most of

the

formulas for

the

quasi-TEM mode parameters are

derived using conformal mapping methods in a new Appendix

III

and are

not

just

quoted from

the

literature. Several new formulas for

attenuation

have been derived as well as suitable modifications of existing formulas to

account for anisotropic substrates. The last

part

the

chapter covers

the

basic properties of rectangular

and

circular waveguides, as in

the

original

edition.

Chapter 4 develops

the

basic microwave circuit theory

and

includes

detailed discussions of

the

impedance, admittance

and

scattering matrix

descriptions of microwave junctions. New material

has

been added on signal

flow graphs

and

the

generalized scattering matrix for power waves. The

material on small

aperture

coupling

has

been updated to include radiation

reaction

that

will account for power transmission

through

aperture

and

thereby lead to physically meaningful equivalent circuits for small aper-

tures.

Chapter

treats

number

of topics related to impedance matching

and

transformations.

The

old topic of impedance matching with lumped

reactive elements

has

been revived because this is now frequently used in

microwave integrated circuits. The design of complex load terminations has

also been included because

this

is required for microwave solid

state

ampli-

fier design. The available power

any point in a lossless reciprocal network

is an invariant quantity. This concept is explained in

terms

the

impedance

mismatch factor. The invariance of

the

impedance mismatch factor places

important

constraint on

the

design of interstage matching networks in a

microwave amplifier

and

is used in Chapter 10 in

the

design of microwave

amplifiers. The last

part

of Chapter 5 discusses multisection quarter-wave

transformers

and

tapered transmission lines. A new example of a microstrip

half-wave filter design based on

the

quarter-wave transformer as a proto-

type circuit has been included.

A variety of passive components are described along with detailed

analysis in Chapter 6.

addition to those components described in

the

original edition, new material

has

been added on coupled-microstrip-line

directional couplers,

the

branch-line coupler, hybrid junctions,

and

the

Wilkinson power divider. New material on electronic controlled

attenuators

and

phase shifters

has

also been added.

Chapter 7 on resonators has been expanded to include new material on

microstrip resonators

and

dielectric resonators. The old material on

Fabry-Perot

resonators has been deleted in order to make room for a

short

section on cavity perturbation theory.

Chapter 8 on periodic

structures

and filters now includes a detailed

treatment

of gap-coupled

and

edge-coupled microstrip filters. The

treatment

PREFACE

xvii

admittance

and

impedance inverters was

rewritten

in order to more fully

explain

the

use of inverters in filter design.

Apart

from a

brief

discussion of

gyratron

tubes,

Chapter

9 on mi-

crowave

tubes

remains essentially

the

same as in

the

first edition.

The

old

Chapter

lOon

masers

has

been replaced by a new

chapter

microwave solid

state

amplifier design. This

chapter

gives a complete discus-

sion of

the

scattering

matrix

approach to small signal

narrow

band

amplifier

design.

The

treatment

is self-contained

and

all

important

relations for gain,

stability,

and

low noise design

are

derived. A design strategy for low noise

single stage

and

double stage amplifiers is developed along with considera-

tions for

the

necessary tradeoffs

that

must

be made between

input

and

output

VSWR, gain, low noise figure,

and

stability.

The

original

Chapter

11 on

parametric

amplifiers

has

been retained

without

any

change.

A new

Chapter

12 on oscillators

and

mixers

has

been added. This

chapter

is of limited scope because of

the

need to keep

the

overall length of

the

text

within reasonable bounds. Solid

state

oscillators using

Gunn

de-

vices

and

IMPATT diodes

are

described in a qualitative way only. An

introduction to

transistor

oscillator design based on small signal

scattering

matrix

parameters

is provided. Included in

this

discussion is

the

relation-

ship between

the

two-port

and

three-port

scattering matrix description of a

transistor

because

this

is needed in order to efficiently analyze

the

effect of

an impedance

inserted

in series with one of

the

transistor

leads for feedback

purposes.

Many textbooks provide introductory

treatments

of diode mixers with-

out

any

consideration of

the

embedding network. Such

treatments

not

provide a good

understanding

of diode mixers because it is

the

impedance

properties of

the

embedding

network

that

determine

the

diode voltages

the

various harmonic frequencies.

The

introductory

treatment

of diode

mixers in

Chapter

12 does include

the

embedding network

and

this

should

provide

the

student

with a more complete

understanding

of mixer analysis

and

design.

The

last

part

the

chapter

describes

the

harmonic balancing

method for

the

analysis of mixers.

I have tried to provide a broad, comprehensive,

and

self-contained

treatment

the

fundamental

theory

and

principles,

and

the

methods of

analysis

and

design

that

are

the

foundations for microwave engineering.

There

are, of course, limitations because all books

must

have a finite length.

Many references have been included for

the

benefit of

the

reader

who

wishes to

pursue

a given topic in

greater

depth or refer to

the

original

papers

that

a lot of

the

material

has

been based on. This text, in

many

respects, is a compilation of

the

work of a

great

many people.

Unfortu-

nately, it

has

not

been possible to always give proper credit to those who

were

the

originators of new concepts

and

the

inventors of new devices.

It is my belief

that

the

revised edition will prove to be useful for

both

senior elective as well as beginning

graduate

level courses in microwave

engineering,

and

will also serve as a useful reference source on

fundamental

xviii PREFACE

principles for

the

practicing microwave engineer. There is clearly much

more material in

the

revised edition

than

can be covered in a one semester

course. The last four chapters alone would provide sufficient material for a

one semester course on active microwave circuits.

As an instructor I have always believed

that

it was very

important

fully

understand

where formulas came from

and

how they

are

derived in

order to present

the

material to

students

in a meaningful way.

is for this

reason

that

I have attempted to make

the

text self-contained. In presenting

many

the

topics to undergraduate

students

I will only outline

the

basic

approach used

and

will omit

the

details.

is my hope

that

other

instructors

will also view

the

detailed derivations

that

are provided in

the

text as a

useful source of information in preparing a microwave engineering course

and

not

as material

that

must

always be presented in class. A

number

topics

that

can be omitted in an undergraduate course

are

identified by a

star.

The

problems based on these sections

are

also identified by a star.

In recent years

the

microwave engineering course

that

I have

taught

seniors

Case Western Reserve University has drawn heavily on

the

material in Chapters 3

through

5, which is very basic core material. In

addition, topics have been selected from Chapters 6

and

7 on components

and

resonators in order to illustrate

the

application of basic microwave

circuit theory. The last

quarter

the

semester

has

been generally devoted

to microwave solid

state

amplifier design along with a

brief

coverage of

oscillators

and

mixers.

better

selection of problems

and

a solutions manual

has

been

prepared for

the

revised edition. Over

the

past

several years I have also

prepared a

number

short

stand

alone computer programs

that

provide

useful tools to remove

the

drudgery of solving many of

the

homework

problems. These programs

are

included on a floppy disk along with

user

instructions as

part

the

solutions manual. The programs cover

the

calculation of

the

characteristics of various planar transmission lines, in-

cluding attenuation;

the

cutoff frequency, propagation constant,

and

attenu-

ation of

the

dominant mode in rectangular

and

circular waveguides;

impedance transformation along a transmission line;

input

and

output

impedances, admittances, and reflection coefficients for a linear two-port,

which can be described in

terms

of impedance, admittance, or scattering

matrix parameters; double-stub

and

lumped element impedance matching

with frequency scans; two-port

and

three-port scattering matrix parameters

for a transistor;

and

rather

long program

that

implements a design

strategy for low noise one-

and

two-stage microwave amplifiers with various

imposed constraints.

Students

have generally found these programs to be of

significant help in problem solving. They have enjoyed working with

the

microwave amplifier design program. Without a computer program,

the

design of a microwave amplifier using potentially unstable devices

and

subject to various constraints on gain, noise figure,

and

input

and

output

VSWR, is

not

feasible for

students

to carry out. The scope of each program

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