Processing编程互动教程：轻松入门指南

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"processing" "Processing" 是一个开源编程语言和集成开发环境，专门设计用于视觉艺术，特别是图形和交互式应用程序。它简化了创建复杂的2D和3D图形的过程，使得初学者和专业人士都能轻松地进行编程。由Casey Reas和Ben Fry共同创建，Processing的语法基于Java，但更加精简，旨在鼓励创意表达和探索性编程。《Programming Interactivity》是Joshua Noble撰写的一本教程，这本书深入浅出地介绍了如何使用Processing，以及与之相关的Arduino和openFrameworks等工具进行交互式设计。作者以幽默、轻松的语言引导读者了解编程基础知识，并逐步掌握创建互动项目所需的技能。本书涵盖了以下几个主要知识点： 1. **Processing基础**：介绍Processing的安装和基本语法，包括变量、条件语句、循环、数组和函数等编程概念，以及如何绘制2D和3D图形。 2. **图形编程**：讲解如何在Processing中创建动态图形，包括颜色、形状、动画和运动效果。此外，还涉及图像处理和视频播放功能。 3. **用户交互**：介绍如何响应鼠标和键盘事件，以及如何使用传感器和其他输入设备来实现更复杂的交互。 4. **物理计算**：通过引入Arduino，讨论如何将物理世界与数字世界连接起来，控制电子元件如LED灯、马达等，并实现物理交互。 5. **开放框架**：探讨openFrameworks，这是一个C++库，用于扩展Processing的功能，特别是在3D图形和高性能计算方面。 6. **网络和数据**：教授如何在Processing中处理网络数据，如获取网页内容、使用API或发送数据到服务器。 7. **高级主题**：深入研究高级编程概念，如类和对象，以及如何利用Processing与其他编程语言（如Java或Python）进行集成。 8. **项目实践**：书中包含多个实际项目，鼓励读者动手实践，提升编程和设计能力。 9. **设计思维**：强调编程不仅仅是技术操作，更是一种创新设计的过程，鼓励读者在解决问题时发挥创意。通过阅读这本教程，读者不仅可以学习到Processing的基础知识，还能掌握设计和编程的综合技能，从而创作出富有创新和互动性的艺术作品。同时，该书的在线版本提供了额外的代码示例和资源，方便读者进一步学习和探索。

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Preface

This is a book about creating physical interaction with computer systems. It focuses

on designing hardware and programming for systems that use either physical input or

physical feedback. This book has been a dream of mine since I was an art student

beginning to create interactive installations and finding that there was no simple in-

troduction to the topics that I wanted to explore. At the time, I didn’t know what

platforms, tools, and programming languages were available for creating interactive

art, and I didn’t know where to find more information about these topics that a relative

novice programmer could understand. As I began teaching, I was asked the same ques-

tion again and again by students: “where do I begin?” Much has changed in the seven

years since then, though, and now many excellent projects are helping beginners pro-

gram, artists create, and programmers rapidly prototype applications. We’ll cover three

of these projects in this book: Processing, Arduino, and openFrameworks. This book

intends to answer the question “Where do I begin?” in as comprehensive a manner as

possible. It is the intention of this book to be useful for almost any type of project. This

book will provide technical advice, critical commentary for you to consider, code that

you can use, hardware diagrams that you can use, and further resources for you to

explore.

Ten years ago, the idea of artists or designers writing code or designing hardware was

almost unheard of. Today, not only has it become commonplace, but it has become an

important arena of expression and exploration. The dialogue between technology and

design is a vital and vibrant one that shapes art and technology alike. I hope that this

book can be, in some small way, another path into this conversation for more artists

and designers.

Who This Book Is For

This book is aimed at designers, artists, amateur programmers, or anyone interested in

working with physical interaction in computing. No assumption is made about your

technical background or previous experience. The only assumption is that you are

interested in learning to program and build hardware. This book is an introduction to

a great number of topics, and throughout the book we list links to further resources so

you can expand your knowledge or explore a particular topic that interests you.

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We encourage you to make as much use as possible of these resources and to use this

book as a map for exploring a great number of technologies and techniques.

How This Book Is Organized

This book is broken into three parts. The first introduces the three projects that will be

used throughout this book, the second introduces some of the most common themes

in creating interaction in designs and applications, and the third introduces some of

the more advanced topics that you may want to explore further. Also included with

some of the chapters are interviews with programmers, artists, designers, and authors

who work with the tools covered in this book. Covering such a massive range of topics

means that this book doesn’t go into great depth about most of them, but it is filled

with references to other books, websites, designers, and artists that you may find helpful

or inspiring.

What Is—and Isn’t—in This Book

My excitement about the ideas and rapid growth of the field of interaction design is

hard to contain. However, as exciting and far-reaching as interaction design is, the

limitations of time and physical book size dictate that I be selective about what is and

isn’t covered in this book.

What’s in

This book covers Processing, Arduino, and openFrameworks. To help novice pro-

grammers, it covers some of the core elements of programming in C and C++ for Ar-

duino and openFrameworks and also covers the Processing language. We introduce

dozens of libraries for openFrameworks and Processing—too many to list here. Some

of these are official libraries or add-ons for the two frameworks, and some are simply

extensions that have been created for this book or provided by altruistic coders.

We also introduce some of the basics of electronics and how computer hardware

functions, as well as many tools and components that you can use with an Arduino.

The Arduino and Processing IDEs are covered, as are two different IDEs for

openFrameworks, namely, CodeBlocks, and Xcode. The Arduino Duemilanove and

Mini are covered in depth, and we discuss other boards only briefly. We cover many

electronic components that have designed expressly for the Arduino, called shields, in

depth as well.

What’s Not in

While this book shows how to create some circuits, it doesn’t cover a great deal of the

fundamentals of electronics or hardware, how to create circuits, or electronics theory.

xvi | Preface

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Chapter 18 lists some excellent tutorials and references. While the book does cover the

Processing subset of the Java programming language, to conserve space and maintain

focus, it doesn’t cover Java. The book doesn’t cover many aspects of C++, such as

templates, inline functions, operator overloading, and abstract classes. Again, though,

listed in Chapter 18 are several excellent resources that you can use to learn about these

deeper topics in C++.

There are so many Arduino-compatible boards now that it’s almost impossible to cover

them all in depth; the book mentions the Mega, the Nano, and several other boards

only in passing and leaves out many of the Arduino-compatible boards that are not

created by the Arduino team. Quite a few components and other tools that we would

have liked to discuss in depth could not be included to maintain scope and to save

space. A good camera for computer vision was not included either, though a glance at

the openFrameworks or Processing forums will likely provide a more up-to-date dis-

cussion than could have been given here.

Many topics that we would have liked to include have been left out because of space

considerations: artificial intelligence, data visualization, and algorithmic music, among

others. Though these are all potentially interesting areas for artists and designers, the

focus of the book is on teaching some of the theory and techniques for interaction

design as well as the basics of hardware and programming. The resources listed at the

end of the book can provide the names of some materials that might help you explore

these topics.

Companion Website

All the code included in this book are available for download from the book’s com-

panion website, http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/9780596154141.

Typographical Conventions Used in This Book

The following typographical conventions are used in this book:

Italic

Indicates new terms, URLs, email addresses, filenames, file extensions, path

names, and directories.

Constant width

Indicates direct references to code, text output from executing scripts, XML tags,

HTML tags, and the contents of files.

Constant width bold

Shows commands or other text that should be typed literally by the user.

Constant width italic

Shows text that should be replaced with user-supplied values.

Preface | xvii

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