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Use Cases, Requirements, and Design Considerations
for 5G V2X
Mate Boban, Apostolos Kousaridas, Konstantinos Manolakis, Joseph Eichinger, Wen Xu
Huawei Technologies, German Research Center, 80992 Munich, Germany
Email: mate.boban@huawei.com
Abstract—Ultimate goal of next generation Vehicle-to-everything
(V2X) communication systems is enabling accident-free cooperative
automated driving that uses the available roadway efficiently. To
achieve this goal, the communication system will need to enable a
diverse set of use cases, each with a specific set of requirements. We
discuss the main use case categories, analyze their requirements,
and compare them against the capabilities of currently available
communication technologies. Based on the analysis, we identify a gap
and point out towards possible system design for 5G V2X that could
close the gap. Furthermore, we discuss an architecture of the 5G
V2X radio access network that incorporates diverse communication
technologies, including current and cellular systems in centimeter
wave and millimeter wave, IEEE 802.11p and vehicular visible
light communications. Finally, we discuss the role of future 5G
V2X systems in enabling more efficient vehicular transportation:
from improved traffic flow through reduced inter-vehicle spacing on
highways and coordinated intersections in cities (the cheapest way
to increasing the road capacity), to automated smart parking (no
more visits to the parking!), ultimately enabling seamless end-to-end
personal mobility.
I. INTRODUCTION
Personal mobility and vehicular transportation systems in gen-
eral are undergoing somewhat of a revolution. The reasons for
this can be found in the new societal and market trends. The main
new societal trends affecting the transportation are: i) new wave
of urbanization creating pressure on the existing transportation
infrastructure, which cannot grow as fast as the demand; ii) ever
more stringent emission- and energy-related regulation; and iii)
high pressure on public transport and logistics/delivery services
to become more adaptive and dynamic. The key market trends
are: i) the advent of automated driving; ii) new modes of car use
and ownership (i.e., a shift towards the “shared economy”); and
iii) live and open data availability, including crowd sourcing and
open platforms, which enables more efficient use of transportation
resources. These trends are creating a shift towards more reactive
and intelligent transport infrastructure, with the following goals:
• Accident-free transportation;
• Supporting higher traffic flow (i.e., increasing the road sur-
face utilization n-fold, currently standing below 10 % [1]);
• Higher vehicle utilization (e.g., increasing the average per-
sonal car utilization well above the current 5%);
• More efficient/greener transport (zero emission vehicles).
Communication technologies, in the form of Vehicle-to-
everything (V2X) communication
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, will play a key role in reach-
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In terms of the naming conventions, we consider that the term Vehicle-
to-everything (V2X) subsumes all of the following communication modes: a)
Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V); b) Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) (e.g., communication
with roadside units (RSUs), traffic lights, or, in case of cellular network, base
station); c) Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P); and d) Vehicle-to-Network (V2N), where
the vehicle connects to an entity in the network (e.g., a backend server or a traffic
information system).
ing these goals. While the in-vehicle sensors can enable many
functionalities without the use of inter-vehicle communication, the
benefits that V2X communication promises are: i) safer driving as
a consequence of enabling the well-studied safety use cases [2],
[3]; and ii) improved road capacity due to better road [4] and
parking infrastructure [5] utilization. The goals of this paper are
to:
• consolidate and analyze relevant use cases and their require-
ments that will drive the 5G V2X communication system
design;
• discuss the capabilities of existing communication technolo-
gies to support the 5G V2X use cases, including the resulting
gap analysis;
• provide guidelines on how existing and future communica-
tion systems can be leveraged as part of a 5G V2X solution.
As a starting point, below we elaborate on the potential benefits of
V2X communication through an illustrative example that involves
many of the use cases described in [2] and [3].
Figure 1 shows an aspirational example of what future personal
mobility might look like, exemplified through several salient use
cases, such as those found in [2] and [3], some of which
are shown in Fig. 2. The following use cases are employed in
consecutive steps and denoted in Fig. 1 accordingly).
1) Vehicle-on-demand: a vehicle user
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hails a car via an app
depending on purpose (e.g., on a weekday: family sedan;
on a sunny weekend: convertible).
2) The vehicle self-drives or is tele-operated [6] (either by
human or remote robot/artificial intelligence) to the user.
User’s personal transportation app connected over the mo-
bile radio network adjusts the car to his presets.
3) The vehicle is capable to drive itself: it searches for the
platoon best suited for the vehicle user’s preferences and
performs cooperative maneuvering to join selected platoon,
thus saving energy by allowing car following at very short
gaps.
4) Two-way navigation (i.e., feeding and obtaining real time
traffic info) guides the vehicle around a congested stretch
of the road.
5) The user takes over control to exit the highway and drive
by himself on a particularly scenic road suggested by the
connected navigation system.
6) The vehicle drops the user off at the destination.
7) The vehicle self-drives [7], either to an automated parking
lot [5] – 7a) – or to a different user – 7b). Automated
electric vehicles might not need parking garages in the
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Note that we use the term “vehicle user” to distinguish the new mobility
models from conventional “driver” and “passenger” models.
arXiv:1712.01754v1 [cs.NI] 5 Dec 2017