C++网络编程实战：Boost.Asio教程

boost

asio

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"Boost.Asio.C++.Network.Programming" 是一本专为C++网络编程提供实践指导的教程书籍，作者是John Torjo，由Packt Publishing出版于2013年。这本书旨在帮助读者提升在C++环境中进行网络编程的技能，通过一系列实战案例深入浅出地讲解Boost.Asio库的应用。 Boost.Asio是一个强大的C++库，它提供了异步I/O支持，使得开发者能够高效处理网络通信任务，包括TCP/IP协议栈的各种操作，如套接字、多路复用器、SSL/TLS加密等。本书涵盖了Boost.Asio的基本概念、设计模式以及高级特性，适合对网络编程有一定基础的C++开发者进一步学习和深化理解。书中内容包括但不限于以下知识点： 1. Boost.Asio库简介：介绍了Boost.Asio的核心组件，如IO服务（IO Service）、事件循环（Event Loop）、异步操作（Async Operations）等，并阐述了其在并发编程中的作用。 2. 网络编程基础：涵盖套接字编程、连接与断开、数据传输等基础知识，通过实例演示如何创建TCP/UDP套接字，执行接收和发送数据的操作。 3. 异步I/O和事件驱动编程：讲解了如何利用Boost.Asio的异步模型提高程序的性能，通过事件队列处理多个连接请求，避免阻塞线程。 4. 多路复用器：展示了如何使用select/poll/epoll等多路复用器技术，实现对多个套接字的高效监控。 5. 网络编程错误处理：讨论了异常处理和错误码管理，如何优雅地处理网络通信中的各种异常情况。 6. 高级应用示例：涵盖了诸如HTTP客户端/服务器、WebSocket服务、网络监控工具等实用案例，让读者能够在实际项目中运用所学知识。 7. 最佳实践和性能优化：提供了一些关于性能调优、资源管理以及代码设计方面的建议，帮助读者写出更高效、可维护的代码。 8. 版权和法律声明：明确指出版权信息，强调未经许可不得复制或传播，同时声明书中的信息可能不包含任何形式的担保，包括明示或暗示的质保，作者和出版社不对由此产生的损失负责。这本教材适合希望深入了解并应用Boost.Asio进行C++网络编程的专业人士或学生，通过阅读和实践，可以增强在这一领域的技术能力。

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Getting Started with

Boost.Asio

First, lets delve into what Boost.Asio is, how to build it, and a few examples

along the way. Boost.Asio is more than a networking library as you're about to

nd out. You'll also discover the most important class that sits at the heart of

Boost.Asio – io_service.

What is Boost.Asio?

In short, Boost.Asio is a cross-platform C++ library mainly for networking and

some other low-level input/output programming.

There have been many implementations that have tackled networking, but Boost.

Asio has by far surpassed them all; it was admitted into Boost in 2005, and has since

been tested extensively by Boost users and used in many projects, such as Remobo

(http://www.remobo.com) that allows you to create your own Instant Private

Network (IPN), libtorrent (http://www.rasterbar.com/products/libtorrent),

which is a library that implements a Bittorrent client, and PokerTH (http://www.

pokerth.net), which is a poker game that supports LAN and Internet games.

Boost.Asio has successfully abstracted the concepts of input and output that work

not just for networking but for COM serial ports, les, and so on. On top of these,

you can do input or output programming synchronously or asynchronously:

read(stream, buffer [, extra options])

async_read(stream, buffer [, extra options], handler)

write(stream, buffer [, extra options])

async_write(stream, buffer [, extra options], handler)

Getting Started with Boost.Asio

[ 8 ]

Important macros

Use BOOST_ASIO_DISABLE_THREADS if set; it disables threading support in Boost.

Asio, regardless of whether Boost was compiled with threading support.

Synchronous versus asynchronous

First off, asynchronous programming is extremely different than synchronous

programming. In synchronous programming, you do the operations in sequential

order, such as read (request) from socket S, then write (answer) to socket. Each

operation is blocking. Since operations are blocking, in order not to interrupt the

main program while you're reading from or writing to a socket, you'll usually

create one or more threads that deal with socket's input/output. Thus, synchronous

servers/clients are usually multi-threaded.

In contrast, asynchronous programming is event-driven. You start an operation,

but you don't know when it will end; you supply a callback, which the API will

call when the operation ends, together with the operation result. To programmers

that have extensive experience with QT, Nokia's cross-platform library for creating

graphical user interface applications, this is second nature. Thus, in asynchronous

programming, you don't necessary need more than one thread.

You should decide early on in your project (preferably at the start) whether you go

synchronous or asynchronous with networking, as switching midway will be very

difcult and error-prone; not only will the API differ substantially, the semantic of

your program will change completely (asynchronous networking is usually harder

to test and debug than synchronous networking). You'll want to think of either going

for blocking calls and multi-threading (synchronous, usually simpler) or less-threads

and events (asynchronous, usually more complex).

Here's a basic example of a synchronous client:

using boost::asio;

io_service service;

ip::tcp::endpoint ep( ip::address::from_string("127.0.0.1"), 2001);

ip::tcp::socket sock(service);

sock.connect(ep);

First, your program needs at least an io_service instance. Boost.Asio uses

io_service to talk to the operating system's input/output services. Usually one

instance of an io_service will be enough. Next, create the address and port you

want to connect to. Create the socket. Connect the socket to your address and port:

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