ISO/IEC 18000-3:2010 - RFID通信协议标准

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"ISO IEC 18000-3-2010.pdf是关于RFID（无线频率识别）技术的国际标准草案，主要针对13.56MHz频段的通信参数进行了定义。该标准旨在提供一个框架，以促进国际上通用的RFID通信协议，并尽可能确保不同频率间协议的兼容性，降低迁移成本。同时，它还注重减少软件开发和实施成本，以及尽可能实现系统管理和信息交换的标准化。" ISO/IEC 18000-3是RFID技术标准的一部分，专注于13.56MHz频段的空中接口通信参数。这个标准的制定有以下几个关键目标： 1. **建立通用框架**：标准提出了一套框架，用于定义全球可使用的RFID频率的通信协议。这一框架有助于减少在不同频率之间切换时遇到的技术难题，使得RFID系统之间的互操作性得到提升。 2. **降低成本**：通过标准化通信协议，ISO IEC 18000-3-2010旨在最小化软件开发和实施的成本。这意味着制造商和开发者可以利用统一的标准，降低研发和生产中的复杂性和费用。 3. **通用系统管理与控制**：标准鼓励尽可能实现系统管理和信息交换的标准化，以便于设备间的兼容性和数据的统一处理。这不仅简化了系统的维护，也有利于提高整体效率。 4. **知识产权披露**：文档中提到，接收者被邀请提交他们所知的相关专利权信息，以支持文档的完整性和公正性。这确保了标准制定过程中对可能存在的专利冲突有所考虑。 5. **草案评估**：草案的标准需要经过工业、技术、商业和用户目的的评估，有时还需要考虑其可能成为国家法规引用的标准的可能性。这表明标准的制定不仅要符合技术要求，还要考虑法律和市场因素。 ISO/IEC JTC1是负责这个标准的组织，秘书处设在美国国家标准学会(ANSI)。投票开始于2010年8月24日，终止于2010年10月24日，意味着这是一个处于最终草案阶段的国际标准。此标准的实施将对RFID技术在全球范围内的应用和发展产生深远影响，包括供应链管理、物流、库存控制、资产追踪等领域。它不仅规范了13.56MHz频段的RFID设备设计，还促进了相关行业的标准化进程，提高了不同国家和地区的设备互操作性。

ISO/IEC FDIS 18000-3:2010(E)

RF signal level when OFF

Q slot-count parameter

(parameter that an interrogator uses to regulate the probability of tag response)

R interrogator (also sometimes called reader)

R=>T interrogator-to-tag

RTcal interrogator-to-tag calibration symbol

T tag

time from interrogator transmission to tag response

time from tag response to interrogator transmission

time an interrogator waits, after T

, before it issues another command

minimum time between interrogator commands

or T

f,10-90%

RF signal envelope fall time

pri

link pulse-repetition interval (T

pri

= 1/LF)

or T

r,10-90%

RF signal envelope rise time

TRext ASK Method: chooses whether the T=R preamble is prefixed with a pilot tone

PJM Method: bit 3 of the reply channel selection

RF signal settling time

T=>R tag-to-interrogator

TRcal tag-to-interrogator calibration symbol

floating-point value

xxxx

binary notation

xxxx

hexadecimal notation

≈ MODE 1 - the value is a rounded value (e.g. ≈ 75,52 µs)

5.2 Abbreviated terms

ARIB Association of Radio Industries and Businesses

AFI application family identifier

AM amplitude modulation

ASK amplitude shift keying

BPSK binary phase shift keying

CEPT Conference of European Posts and Telecommunications

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

CRC cyclic redundancy check

NOTE: This specification uses two CRC algorithms: CRC-5 (5-bit CRC) and CRC-16 (16-bit CRC) and three

different logical CRC-16s: StoredCRC, PacketCRC and CRC-16c.

For the UII bank word 0 or ACK the following two logical CRC-16s are used:

- StoredCRC = CRC-16 calculated at startup and mapped to UII word 0

- PacketCRC = CRC-16 calculated over the response data of the tag in case of the ACK command

For all other cases and commands the following logical CRC-16 is used:

- CRC-16c = CRC-16 calculated over the response data of the tag

CW continuous wave

dBch decibels referenced to the integrated power in the reference channel

DSB double sideband

DSB-ASK double-sideband amplitude shift keying

ISO/IEC FDIS 18000-3:2010(E)

• The symbol, T=>R, refers to commands or communications signal air interface from a tag to an

interrogator (tag-to-reader).

6 Requirements: Physical layer, collision management system and protocol values

for 13,56 MHz systems

6.0 General and applicable to All Modes

6.0.1 Presentation as determined in ISO/IEC 18000-1

The context, form and presentation of this part, which provides physical layer, collision management system

and protocol value definitions for RFID systems for item identification operating at 13,56 MHz are in

accordance with the requirements of ISO/IEC 18000-1.

6.0.2 ISO/IEC 18000-3 Interoperability

This part of ISO/IEC 18000 specifies three MODES of operation at 13,56 MHz

These MODES are not interoperable, but they are expected to operate without causing any significant

interference with each other. Any known causes of interference are listed in Annex O.

NOTE 1 It is recommended that users select one MODE for any specific application.

NOTE 2 Local national regulations may further limit either power, frequency or bandwidth allocations and such

limitations may reduce the capability of a system within that country. Users shall have the responsibility to ensure that they

use only systems that comply with these regulations. This implies a user responsibility to obtain proofs from manufacturers,

and where appropriate have adequate tests carried out to assure that systems are in compliance.

NOTE 3 At the time of preparation of this part of ISO/IEC 18000, the interrogator to tag link and tag to interrogator link

physical layer emissions may be subject to type approval or certification. It is therefore necessary to make reference to

local or regional radio regulations and radio standards in addition to this part of ISO/IEC 18000. All systems are required to

comply with local radio regulations, which may affect performance.

6.0.3 ISO/IEC 18000-3 interrogator conformance/compliance

To claim compliance with this part of ISO/IEC 18000, an interrogator/ reader shall support either MODE 1,

MODE 2, or MODE 3. The interrogator may support any or all modes as an option (the modes are not

interoperable).

6.0.4 ISO/IEC 18000-3 tag compliance

To claim compliance with this part of ISO/IEC 18000, a tag shall support either MODE 1, MODE 2, or MODE 3.

The tag may support any or all modes as an option (the modes are not interoperable).

6.0.5 Command structure and extensibility

Clauses 6.1, 6.2, and 6.3, include definition of the structure of command codes between an interrogator and a

tag and indicate how many positions are available for future extensions. Command specification clauses

provide a full definition of the command and its presentation. Each command is labelled as being “mandatory”

or “optional”. In accordance with ISO/IEC 18000-1, the clauses of this part of ISO/IEC 18000 make provision

for “custom” and “proprietary” commands.

The types of permitted command options are defined in subclauses 6.0.6 to 6.0.9.

6.0.6 Mandatory commands

A mandatory command shall be supported by all tags that claim to be compliant. Interrogators which claim

compliance shall support all mandatory commands.

ISO/IEC FDIS 18000-3:2010(E)

6.0.7 Optional commands

Optional commands are commands that are specified within the International Standard. Interrogators shall be

technically capable of performing all optional commands that are specified in the International Standard

(although need not be set up to do so). Tags may or may not support optional commands.

If an interrogator or a tag implements an optional command, it shall implement it in the manner specified in

this standard.

6.0.8 Custom commands

Custom commands may be enabled by an International Standard, but they shall not be specified in that

International Standard.

A custom command shall not solely duplicate the functionality of any mandatory or optional command defined

in the International Standard by a different method. An interrogator shall use a custom command only in

accordance with the specifications of the tag manufacturer.

6.0.9 Proprietary commands

Proprietary commands may be enabled by an International Standard, but they shall not be specified in that

International Standard.

A proprietary command shall not solely duplicate the functionality of any mandatory or optional command

defined in the International Standard by a different method. Vendors shall not provide proprietary means to

circumvent the protocol. Proprietary commands are intended for manufacturing purposes and shall not be

used in field-deployed RFID systems.

6.1 Physical layer, collision management system and protocols for MODE 1

MODE 1 is not interoperable with any other MODES defined within this International Standard.

6.1.1 Read/Write system

MODE 1 describes a read/write system using a "interrogator talks first" technique.

6.1.2 Normative Aspects

The physical, collision management and transmission protocols determined in this MODE are defined in

ISO/IEC 15693. Clauses 6.1.3 – 6.1.8 provide normative parts of MODE 1 by reference.

6.1.3 Conformance and performance measurement aspects

The performance and conformance measurement aspects for MODE 1 are given in the relevant clauses of

Technical Reports (ISO/IEC TR 18046 and ISO/IEC TR 18047-3, respectively).

6.1.4 Physical Layer

The Physical layer for the MODE 1 air interface at 13,56 MHz shall be compliant with ISO/IEC 15693-2.

6.1.5 Protocol and collision management operating method

The collision management operating method for the MODE 1 air interface at 13,56 MHz shall be compliant

with ISO/IEC 15693-3.

ISO/IEC FDIS 18000-3:2010(E)

6.1.6 Commands

The commands for the MODE 1 air interface at 13,56 MHz shall be compliant with ISO/IEC 15693-3. Annex A

shows the commands that are necessary to support encoding to ISO/IEC 15962, which is required for RFID

for item management.

6.1.7 Parameter tables for interrogator to tag link

The parameter tables for interrogator to tag link for the MODE 1 air interface at 13,56 MHz shall be compliant

with ISO/IEC 15693-2. See Table 1 — Parameter Tables for interrogator to tag link for details.

Table 1 — Parameter Tables for interrogator to tag link

Ref. Parameter Description/limits Options/Comments

M1-Int: 1 Operating frequency

range

1 interrogator to tag link channel at (centre

frequency) 13,56MHz ± 7 kHz

M1-Int: 1a Default operating

frequency

13,56 MHz

M1-Int: 1b Operating channels

(for spread spectrum

systems)

N/A

M1-Int: 1c Operating frequency

accuracy

+/- 100 parts per million

+/- 50 parts per million in Japan

M1-Int: 1d Frequency hop rate

(for Frequency hopping

[FHSS] systems)

N/A

M1-Int: 1e Frequency hop

sequence

(for Frequency hopping

[FHSS] systems)

N/A

M1-Int: 2 Occupied channel

bandwidth

13,56 MHz ± 7 kHz

with modulation as defined in 6.1.4

M1-Int: 2a Minimum receiver

bandwidth

13,56 MHz ± (423,75± 40 kHz)

13,56 MHz ± (484,28 ± 40 kHz)

Centred at the sub

carrier frequency.

M1-Int: 3 Interrogator transmit

maximum Magnetic Field

Strength

Magnetic Field Strength

limits within

communication zone

The interrogator shall not generate a field higher

than 12 A/m in any part of the volume where a tuned

ISO card sized tag may be present

Maximum operating field strength:

5 A/m for ISO card sized tags, as defined in

ISO/IEC 7810. For other label form factors, the label

manufacturer shall specify the maximum operating

field strength.

(Inductive coupling)

Where Local regulations

restrict the Magnetic

Field Strength Limits

below those determined

in this Clause, a

degradation of local

performance may be

expected.

Test methods for

determining the

interrogator operating

field are defined in

relative clauses of the

Technical Report

ISO/IEC TR 18047-3.

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