TI DSP/BIOS用户指南：适用于C5000, C6000

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"TI BIOS手册" TI BIOS手册，全称为"TMS320DSP/BIOS User’s Guide"，是由Texas Instruments（德州仪器）出版的一份技术文档，主要针对TMS320系列数字信号处理器（DSP）。尽管名称中提及的是TMS320，但该指南同样适用于C5000和C6000系列的DSP。这份用户手册提供了详尽的指导，帮助开发者理解和使用TI DSP上的BIOS系统。 BIOS（Basic Input/Output System）在传统的计算机领域是引导加载程序，而在TI DSP的上下文中，它是一个实时操作系统（RTOS）的核心组成部分，负责管理硬件资源、任务调度、中断处理等关键功能。TI的DSP/BIOS设计目的是为了简化开发过程，提高应用程序的效率和可移植性。手册内容可能包括以下几个方面： 1. **系统架构**：解释了BIOS如何与TMS320系列DSP的硬件架构相互作用，包括内存管理、中断系统以及处理器核心的交互。 2. **初始化和配置**：介绍了如何设置和启动BIOS，包括配置参数、设备初始化和系统时钟设定。 3. **任务管理**：详细阐述了任务创建、删除、挂起和恢复等操作，以及任务优先级和调度策略。 4. **中断服务**：解释了中断处理机制，包括中断向量表、中断处理函数的编写和中断的优先级管理。 5. **同步和通信**：涵盖了线程间同步机制，如信号量、事件标志组和互斥锁，以及进程间通信（IPC）方法。 6. **内存管理**：讨论了动态内存分配和释放，以及静态内存池的使用。 7. **驱动程序开发**：提供了关于如何编写符合BIOS接口规范的设备驱动程序的指导。 8. **性能优化**：包含有关如何利用BIOS特性来优化代码性能的建议。 9. **错误处理和调试**：介绍了错误报告机制和调试工具的使用，帮助开发者识别和解决问题。 10. **API参考**：列出完整的BIOS API列表，每个API的功能、参数和返回值都有详细说明。 TI在文档中强调，他们保留随时对产品和服务进行修改、增强或取消的权利，而无需事先通知。购买产品时，客户应获取最新的相关信息，并确保信息的准确性和完整性。此外，TI对其硬件产品的性能按照销售时适用的规格提供标准保修，但不承担应用支持或客户产品设计的法律责任。客户应对使用TI组件的产品和应用负责，确保其合规性和稳定性。 TI BIOS手册是TMS320、C5000和C6000系列DSP开发者的重要参考资料，为他们在实时操作系统环境下进行高效、可靠的软件开发提供了全面的指导。

xvi

Examples

2-1 Creating and Referencing Dynamic Objects ................................................................ 2-10

2-2 Deleting a Dynamic Object .......................................................................................... 2-10

2-3 Sample Makefile for a DSP/BIOS Program .................................................................. 2-15

2-4 Declaring Functions in an Extern C Block .................................................................... 2-23

2-5 Function Overloading Limitation ................................................................................... 2-23

2-6 Wrapper Function for a Class Method.......................................................................... 2-24

3-1 Gathering Information About Differences in Values ..................................................... 3-13

3-2 Gathering Information About Differences from Base Value.......................................... 3-14

3-3 The Idle Loop................................................................................................................ 3-21

4-1 Interrupt Behavior for C28x During Real-Time Mode ................................................... 4-15

4-2 Code Regions That are Uninterruptible ........................................................................ 4-19

4-3 Constructing a Minimal ISR on C6000 Platform .......................................................... 4-25

4-4 HWI Example on C54x Platform .................................................................................. 4-25

4-5 HWI Example on C55x Platform .................................................................................. 4-26

4-6 HWI Example on C28x Platform .................................................................................. 4-26

4-7 Creating a Task Object................................................................................................. 4-49

4-8 Time-Slice Scheduling.................................................................................................. 4-50

4-9 Creating and Deleting a Semaphore ............................................................................ 4-55

4-10 Setting a Timeout with SEM_pend ............................................................................... 4-56

4-11 Signaling a Semaphore with SEM_post ....................................................................... 4-56

4-12 SEM Example Using Three Writer Tasks ..................................................................... 4-57

4-13 Creating a Mailbox........................................................................................................ 4-61

4-14 Reading a Message from a Mailbox ............................................................................. 4-61

4-15 Posting a Message to a Mailbox................................................................................... 4-62

4-16 MBX Example With Two Types of Tasks ..................................................................... 4-63

4-17 Using the System Clock to Drive a Task ...................................................................... 4-72

5-1 Linker Command File (C6000 Platform) ......................................................................... 5-4

5-2 Linker Command File (C5000 and C28x Platforms)....................................................... 5-4

5-3 Using MEM_alloc for System-Level Storage .................................................................. 5-5

5-4 Allocating an Array of Structures .................................................................................... 5-5

Contents xvii

Examples

5-5 Using MEM_free to Free Memory.................................................................................. 5-6

5-6 Freeing an Array of Objects ........................................................................................... 5-6

5-7 Memory Allocation (C5000 and C28x Platforms)........................................................... 5-9

5-8 Memory Allocation (C6000 Platform) ........................................................................... 5-10

5-9 Coding To Halt Program Execution with SYS_exit or SYS_abort................................ 5-12

5-10 Using SYS_abort with Optional Data Values ............................................................... 5-13

5-11 Using Handlers in SYS_exit......................................................................................... 5-13

5-12 Using Multiple SYS_NUMHANDLERS ....................................................................... 5-13

5-13 DSP/BIOS Error Handling ........................................................................................... 5-14

5-14 Using doError to Print Error Information ...................................................................... 5-14

5-15 Managing QUE Elements Using Queues..................................................................... 5-15

5-16 Inserting into a Queue Atomically ................................................................................ 5-15

5-17 Using QUE Functions with Mutual Exclusion Elements ............................................... 5-16

5-18 Using QUE to Send Messages ................................................................................... 5-17

7-1 Creating a Stream with SIO_create ............................................................................... 7-5

7-2 Freeing User-Held Stream Buffers................................................................................. 7-6

7-3 Inputting and Outputting Data Buffers............................................................................ 7-7

7-4 Implementing the Issue/Reclaim Streaming Model ....................................................... 7-8

7-5 Basic SIO Functions .................................................................................................... 7-10

7-6 Adding an Output Stream to Example 7-5 ................................................................... 7-13

7-7 Using the Issue/Reclaim Model ................................................................................... 7-15

7-8 Opening a Pair of Virtual Devices ................................................................................ 7-16

7-9 Data Exchange Through a Pipe Device....................................................................... 7-20

7-10 Using SIO_ctrl to Communicate with a Device ............................................................ 7-23

7-11 Changing Sample Rate................................................................................................ 7-23

7-12 Synchronizing with a Device ....................................................................................... 7-23

7-13 Indicating That a Stream is Ready............................................................................... 7-24

7-14 Polling Two Streams .................................................................................................... 7-24

7-15 Using SIO_put to Send Data to Multiple Clients .......................................................... 7-25

7-16 Using SIO_issue/SIO_reclaim to Send Data to Multiple Clients .................................. 7-26

7-17 Required Statements in dxx.h Header File .................................................................. 7-29

7-18 Table of Device Functions ........................................................................................... 7-29

7-19 The DEV_Fxns Structure ............................................................................................. 7-30

7-20 The DEV_Frame Structure .......................................................................................... 7-30

7-21 The DEV_Handle Structure ......................................................................................... 7-31

7-22 Initialization by Dxx_init................................................................................................ 7-33

7-23 Opening a Device with Dxx_open................................................................................ 7-34

7-24 Opening an Input Terminating Device ......................................................................... 7-34

7-25 Arguments to Dxx_open .............................................................................................. 7-34

DSP/BIOS Features and Benefits

1-2

1.1 DSP/BIOS Features and Benefits

DSP/BIOS is designed to minimize memory and CPU requirements on the

target. This design goal is accomplished in the following ways:

❏ All DSP/BIOS objects can be configured statically and bound into an

executable program image. This reduces code size and optimizes

internal data structures.

❏ Instrumentation data (such as logs and traces) are formatted on the host.

❏ The APIs are modularized so that only those APIs that are used by the

program need to be bound into the executable program.

❏ The library is optimized to require the smallest possible number of

instruction cycles, with a significant portion implemented in assembly

language.

❏ Communication between the target and DSP/BIOS analysis tools is

performed within the background idle loop. This ensures that DSP/BIOS

analysis tools do not interfere with the program’s tasks. If the target CPU

is too busy to perform background tasks, the DSP/BIOS analysis tools

stop receiving information from the target until the CPU is available.

❏ Error checking that would increase memory and CPU requirements has

been kept to a minimum. Instead, the API reference documentation

specifies constraints for calling API functions. It is the responsibility of the

application developer to meet these constraints.

In addition, the DSP/BIOS API provides many options for program

development:

❏ A program can dynamically create and delete objects that are used in

special situations. The same program can use both objects created

dynamically and objects created statically.

❏ The threading model provides thread types for a variety of situations.

Hardware interrupts, software interrupts, tasks, idle functions, and

periodic functions are all supported. You can control the priorities and

blocking characteristics of threads through your choice of thread types.

❏ Structures to support communication and synchronization between

threads are provided. These include semaphores, mailboxes, and

resource locks.

❏ Two I/O models are supported for maximum flexibility and power. Pipes

are used for target/host communication and to support simple cases in

which one thread writes to the pipe and another reads from the pipe.

Streams are used for more complex I/O and to support device drivers.

❏ Low-level system primitives are provided to make it easier to handle

errors, create common data structures, and manage memory usage.

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