掌握PC汇编语言：第3版实用教程

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"《PC汇编语言：第三版》是一本面向个人计算机的实用指南，由John Socha和Peter Norton合著，专为想要深入理解80x86微处理器及其应用的读者设计。这本书主要聚焦于汇编语言，一种低级编程语言，它在DOS时代尤其重要，因为它允许程序员直接与硬件交互，提升程序性能。本书的第三版强调了在那个时代的实际编程技巧，如构建真实世界的程序，例如一个通用全屏磁盘编辑器，这展示了汇编语言在开发复杂工具时的实用性。作者还指导读者如何将紧凑的汇编代码整合到C和C++程序中，扩展了这些高级语言的功能，并探讨了在保护模式下以及在Windows环境下使用汇编编程的方法。书中深入讲解了高级技术，如逐步细化（step refinement）和模块化设计，这些都是提高代码质量和可维护性的关键。此外，书中的所有代码示例不仅包括书中理论部分的内容，还提供了超过30个额外的、有价值的汇编程序片段，可以显著节省时间和精力，特别是在与C和C++程序集成时。《PC汇编语言：第三版》的版权信息显示，此书由Brady Publishing出版，隶属于Prentice Hall Computer Publishing的一部分，于1992年首次发行。它拥有完整的复制权，允许任何形式的部分或全部复制。该书的印刷代码有助于跟踪书籍的印刷版本，以便读者获取最新信息。《PC汇编语言：第三版》是一本不可或缺的资源，对于那些希望掌握底层编程、提高程序性能并理解计算机硬件工作的程序员来说，无论是学习还是实践，都是一个宝贵的学习材料。"

Assembly

Language

for the

PC, Third Edition

C/C++

Libraries in Assembly

546

Topics Covered

547

Descriptions of Procedures

548

SOCHALIBJNC

548

MAKEFILE

548

CURSOR.ASM

548

FASTWRIT.ASM

549

HARDWARE.ASM

551

KBD_IO.ASM

551

MOUSE.ASM

552

Makefile

553

SOCHALIBJNC

554

CURSOR.ASM

555

FASTWRIT.ASM

561

HARDWARE.ASM

577

KBD_IO.ASM 580

MOUSE.ASM 584

Miscellaneous Tables

592

Topics

Covered

593

Table D-1

ASCII Character Codes

594

Table D-2

Color

Codes

598

Table D-3 Extended

Keyboard Codes 598

Table D-4 Table of

Addressing

Modes

599

Table D-5 INT

lOh Functions

600

Table D-6 INT

I6h Functions

603

Table

D-7

INT 21h

Functions

604

Table D-8

Sector

Read/Write Fimctions

606

Index

609

XIV

Introduction

Why Learn Assembly

Language?

There are

now more

reasons than

ever

to learn

assembly language.

Even

pro-

grammers

who

only use a high-level

language

C/C++

or Pascal

can

benefit

from learning assembly language.

When we wrote the first edition

of this

book,

several years

ago,

programmers

and

companies were actually

writing

entire

programs in assembly

language.

For example, Lotus

1-2-3

before

release

2 was

written entirely in assembly

lan-

guage.

These days, very few programs

are written

entirely in assembly language.

Even

1-2-3

has now been

rewritten

C, and many programmers are

moving

on to

C++,

which is

very

powerful

descendent

of the

programming

lan-

guage. So

if people are not writing

large

programs in assembly language,

then

why

would

you want to learn and

use assembly language?

Knowing assembly language will

make

you a better

programmer, even if you

never

actually write

any assembly-language subroutines

or code

for your pro-

grams. Many of the idiosyncrasies

you

will find

in C/C++ or

Pascal programs

have their roots in the microprocessor

and its design.

When

you

learn

assembly

language, you are

really

learning about the architecture

ofyour com-

puter. This insight should make many of the artifacts of computer languages

clear

to you.

For example,

you

will

see

why an integer has a

value

range of

-32,768

32,767,

and you will learn all about bytes,

words, and segments.

Assembly

language programs are at

the heart of any PC

compatible computer.

In relation

all other programming

languages, assembly

language is the low-

est

common denominator.

It takes

you

closer to the machine than the higher-

level

languages

do, so

learning

assembly language

also means learning

understand the

80x86

microprocessor

inside

your computer.

This

knowledge

about

the

microprocessor

is also

very useful in the world of

Microsoft Windows,

as you

will see

in Chapter

33,

which discusses protected-

mode and

Windows

programming.

You

will learn about

some features

Windows

programming that you

probably

won't find in any

other

book. This

is because

there are programming

techniques

that

you can do and learn

about

assembly language

that you

would

not

normally

learn

about

high-level

language.

Assembly

Language

for the PC, Third Edition

some

time

or other most

programmers write

or modify

some assembly

language

code.

This is even true for

Microsoft Windows

programs.

The most

common

reason

use assembly language

is for

speed. Computers,

modern

C/C++

and

Pascal compilers are very fast;

compiled

code runs very quickly.

But

there are

times when even

compiled

C/C++

or Pascal

code won't

be fast

enough.

Very often in these

cases you can write

small

amount of

assembly-

language

code to

perform the work in

the inner loop.

Compilers

have also improved

significantly since

wrote

the first edition of

this book.

Years

ago you

had

to use an assembler, such

as Microsoft's Macro

Assembler, to add

assembly-language

code to your programs. But almost

all

compilers these days support in-line assembly,

which

allows

you to add a

few

lines of assembly-language code directly to your program, between lines

C/C++

or Pascal code. This makes it much easier to use small amounts

of as-

sembly language in your programs. You will learn

how

to use

in-line assembly

in Chapter

31.

There

are also other

cases

which require programmers

write larger amounts

of code in assembly language. If you

are writing

device driver for

DOS or

Windows, or almost any other operating system (except

for Windows NT),

you

will probably

have

write

the

device driver

assembly language.

For

example, Windows has

very powerful mechanism

called

Virtual Device

Driver

(also

known

as a

VxD) that

allows

you to

alter the way devices

work

inside Windows

for

all Windows and DOS programs

running imder Windows.

These

VxDs

must be

written in assembly language.

The

Approach We

Use

most introductory

books on assembly

language

programming, this book

shows

you

how

to use the

instructions

of the 80x86

microprocessor. But

will

go much

farther

and

cover advanced

vcvzicndX that you

will find

invaluable

when

you start to

write your own

programs.

By the time

you

finish reading this

book, you

will know

how

write

large

assembly

language

programs and

how

to use

assembly

language

in your C/C++

programs

and

Windows programs.

Along the

way,

you

will also

learn many

techniques

that

professional

programmers use to

make

their

work simpler.

XVI

Assembly

Language

for the PC,

Third

Edition

Part

I focuses

on the 80x86 microprocessor.

You will

learn

the mysteries

bits,

bytes,

and

machine language.

Each

ofthe

seven

chapters

contains a wealth

real

examples that use a

program

called

Debug, which

comes with

DOS.

Debug

will allow

us to

look inside

the 80x86

microprocessor

nestled

deep in

your

PC as

it runs

DOS.

Part I

assumes

only that

you have

rudimentary

knowledge

of programming

languages

and know how

to work with

your

computer.

Part

II, Chapters

through

16,

moves

on to assembly

language and how

write

programs

for

the assembler. The

approach is not complicated,

and rather

than cover all the details of the assembler itself, we will

concentrate

on a set of

assembler commands needed to

write

useful

programs.

We will use the assembler to

rewrite

some of the programs

from Part I, and

then

move

on to begin creating Dskpatch. We will build this

program slowly,

in order for you to learn

how

to use step-wise refinement in building

large

programs.

We will

also

cover

techniques like modtilar design that help in writing

clear programs. As mentioned, these techniques will simplify programming

removing

some of the complexities normally associated with writing

assembly-language programs.

In Part III, which includes Chapters

28,

will

concentrate on using

more advanced features found in PCs. These features include

moving

the cur-

sor and clearing the screen. We

will

also discuss techniques for debugging

larger

assembly-language programs. Assembly-language

programs grow quickly and

can easily

two or more pages long

without doing very

much

(Dskpatch

will

be longer). Even though we will use these

debugging techniques on programs

larger than

few

pages, you

also will find

them

useful

with small programs.

Pan IV covers

number of advanced topics

that will

of interest

you

when

you Stan

write real programs. The first

two chapters cover details about

COM

programs, memory, and segments. Then

there is a chapter on

writing directly

to screen memory for very fast screen displays.

Next, there is a

chapter on writing

assembly-language procedures that you

can

use

in your C/C++

programs. You

will

learn how

write general-purpose routines

entirely in assembly language

for any memory model, and you

will also

learn how

use in-line

assembly.

There is

lot of material in this

chapter that is

very difficult to

find elsewhere.

Next is

chapter on RAM-resident

programs,

complete

with

program called

DISKLITE that adds a

disk light

your

screen.

Finally, you

will find a

XVlll

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