Ajax技术深度解析与实战应用

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"Ajax in Action" 本书《Ajax in Action》由Dave Crane和Eric Pascarello合著，是一本深入探讨Ajax技术的专业英文文档，适合有经验的程序员阅读。书中通过四个部分系统地介绍了Ajax在Web应用程序设计中的应用、核心技术、专业实践以及实例解析。第一部分“重新思考Web应用程序”：第1章“Web的新设计”探讨了如何利用Ajax技术打破传统的Web页面刷新模式，创建更流畅、交互性更强的用户体验。第2章“Ajax的第一步”介绍了Ajax的基础概念和实现方式，让读者对Ajax有一个初步的理解。第3章“Ajax的秩序引入”讨论了如何有序地整合Ajax技术，使其在复杂的Web应用中发挥效用。第二部分“核心技术”：第4章“页面作为一个应用程序”讲解了如何组织复杂的用户界面代码，以及如何利用Model-View-Controller（MVC）模式来提升JavaScript的可维护性，将表现层与逻辑层分离。第5章“服务器的角色”阐述了在Ajax应用中服务器端扮演的重要角色，包括数据处理和动态内容生成。第6章“用户体验”关注如何通过Ajax优化用户交互，提供更响应式和一致性的Web体验。第三部分“专业Ajax”：第7章“安全性”讨论了在构建Ajax应用时如何保护用户数据和系统安全。第8章“性能”分析了优化Ajax应用性能的方法，包括减少网络延迟、缓存策略等。第四部分“Ajax实例解析”：第9章至第13章通过一系列示例应用，如动态双下拉框、自动补全建议、增强型Ajax Web门户、实时搜索和使用XSL的动态搜索，展示了Ajax在实际项目中的应用。第9章“动态双 combo”展示了如何利用Ajax实现实时联动的下拉列表。第10章“Type-ahead suggest”介绍了一个自动填充输入的搜索功能。第11章“增强型Ajax Web门户”探讨了如何构建一个高度互动的Web门户。第12章“使用XSL的实时搜索”展示了如何使用XSL转换实现动态搜索结果的呈现。第13章“使用Ajax构建独立应用程序”讲解了如何不依赖浏览器刷新来创建自包含的Web应用。附录部分提供了开发者的工具箱、面向对象编程的JavaScript指南以及Ajax框架的概述，帮助读者深入理解并熟练运用Ajax技术。这本书全面覆盖了Ajax的核心技术和实践应用，对于希望提升Web应用交互性和性能的开发者来说，是一份宝贵的参考资料。

A different kind of MVC 123

how these MVC patterns at different scales are nested within each other in the

application architecture.

So, what does this mean to us when we’re working on the code? In the follow-

ing sections, we’ll take a more practical look at using

MVC to define the structure

of our JavaScript application, how it will affect the way we write code, and what

the benefits will be. Let’s start with a look at the View.

Figure 4.3 Nested MVC architecture, in which the pattern repeats

itself at different scales. At the outermost level, we can see the

pattern defining the workflow of the application as a whole, with the

model residing on the web server. At a smaller scale, the pattern is

replicated within the client application and, at a smaller scale than

that, within individual widgets in the client application.

124 CHAPTER 4

The page as an application

4.2 The View in an Ajax application

From the position of the JavaScript application delivered to the browser when the

application starts up, the View is the visible page, consisting of the

DOM elements

that are rendered by

HTML markup or through programmatic manipulation.

We’ve already shown how to manipulate the

DOM programmatically in chapter 2.

According to

MVC, our View has two main responsibilities. It has to provide a

visible interface for the user to trigger events from, that is, to talk to the Control-

ler. It also needs to update itself in response to changes in the Model, usually

communicated through the Controller again.

If the application is being developed by a team, the View will probably be the

area subject to the most contention. Designers and graphic artists will be involved,

as will programmers, particularly as we explore the scope for interactivity in an

Ajax interface. Asking designers to write code, or programmers to get involved in

the aesthetics of an application, is often a bad idea. Even if you’re providing both

roles, it can be helpful to separate them, in order to focus on one at a time.

We showed in our overview of server

MVC how code and presentation could

become intertwined, and we separated them out using a template system. What

are the options available to us here on the browser?

In chapter 3, we demonstrated how to structure our web pages so that the

CSS,

HTML, and JavaScript are defined in separate files. In terms of the page itself,

this split follows

MVC, with the stylesheet being the View and the HTML/DOM

being the model (a Document Object Model). From our current perspective,

though, the page rendering is a black box, and the

HTML and CSS together

should be treated as the View. Keeping them separate is still a good idea, and sim-

ply by moving the JavaScript out into a separate file we have started to keep the

designers and the programmers off each other’s backs. This is just a start, how-

ever, as you’ll see.

4.2.1 Keeping the logic out of the View

Writing all our JavaScript in a separate file is a good start for enforcing separation

of the View, but even with this in place, we can entangle the View with the logic

roles (that is, Model and Controller) without having to try too hard. If we write

JavaScript event handlers inline, such as

<div class='importButton'

onclick='importData("datafeed3.xml", mytextbox.value);'/>

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