OpenGL着色语言速查卡：GLSL关键函数与数据类型

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"这是一份关于GLSL（OpenGL Shading Language）的快速参考卡片，旨在帮助用户快速查找GLSL中的函数和数据类型，提高编程效率。卡片由OpenGL官方注册机构维护，更新至OpenGL 4.2版本。内容涵盖顶点规格、分离补片、多边形边缘标记以及顶点坐标、纹理坐标等的设置方法。" GLSL是OpenGL编程中使用的一种着色语言，它允许开发者自定义顶点、片段和几何处理阶段的计算逻辑。在这份快速参考卡片中，我们可以看到以下几个关键的知识点： 1. **顶点规格(Vertex Specification)**：这部分包括`Begin`和`End`函数，用于定义几何对象的顶点坐标。例如，你可以使用`Begin`指定一个模式（如点、线或三角形），然后在`End`之间插入一系列的顶点坐标。此外，还有`PatchParameteri`用于设置补片的顶点数量。 2. **分离补片(Separate Patches)**：在现代OpenGL中，`PatchParameteri`函数用于处理补片（patches）——一种可以包含复杂几何形状的数据结构。`PATCH_VERTICES`参数用于设定每个补片的顶点数。 3. **多边形边缘(Polygon Edges)**：GLSL提供了`EdgeFlag`和`EdgeFlagv`函数来标记多边形边缘是边界还是非边界，这对于渲染时的边缘检测和处理非常重要。 4. **顶点坐标(Vertex Coordinates)**：参考卡片列出了多种设置顶点坐标的函数，如`Vertex234sifd`和`VertexP234ui`，它们分别用于设定2D、3D、4D的浮点、整数或无符号整数坐标。`type`参数用于指定数据的存储格式，如`INT_2_10_10_10_REV`和`UNSIGNED_INT_2_10_10_10_REV`是压缩整数格式。 5. **纹理坐标(TexCoord)**：与顶点坐标类似，有`TexCoord1234sifd`和`TexCoord1234sifdv`函数用于设定纹理坐标，用于在3D物体表面贴图。这份卡片对于熟悉GLSL语法和使用OpenGL进行图形编程的开发者来说是非常有价值的工具。它包含了基本的顶点处理和几何构造操作，以及与纹理应用相关的命令，这些都是3D图形编程的核心元素。通过快速查阅这张卡片，开发者可以迅速定位并使用合适的函数，提升编程效率。

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OpenGL 4.2 API Reference Card Page 3



Rasterizaon [3]

Enable/Disable(target)

target: RASTERIZER_DISCARD, MULTISAMPLE,

SAMPLE_SHADING

Mulsampling [3.3.1]

Use to analias points, lines, polygons,

bitmaps, and images.

void GetMulsamplefv(enum pname,

uint index, oat *val);

pname: SAMPLE_POSITION

void MinSampleShading(clampf value);

Points [3.4]

void PointSize(oat size);

void PointParameter{if}(enum pname,

T param);

void PointParameter{if}v(enum pname, const

T params);

pname: POINT_SIZE_MIN, POINT_SIZE_MAX,

POINT_DISTANCE_ATTENUATION,

POINT_FADE_THRESHOLD_SIZE,

POINT_SPRITE_COORD_ORIGIN

param, params: The clamp bounds, if pname is

POINT_SIZE_{MIN, MAX};

pointer to coecients a, b, and c, if pname is

POINT_DISTANCE_ATTENUATION;

The

fade threshold if pname is

POINT_FADE_THRESHOLD_SIZE;

{LOWER|UPPER}_LEFT if pname is

POINT_SPRITE_COORD_ORIGIN.

LOWER_LEFT,

UPPER_LEFT,

pointer to point fade threshold

Enable/Disable

(target)

target:

VERTEX_PROGRAM_POINT_SIZE,

POINT_SMOOTH, POINT_SPRITE.

Line Segments [3.5]

void LineWidth(oat width);

Enable/Disable(LINE_SMOOTH)

Other Line Seg. Features [3.5.2]

void LineSpple(int factor, ushort paern);

Enable/Disable(LINE_STIPPLE)

void GetIntegerv(LINE_STIPPLE_PATTERN);

Polygons [3.6]

Enable/Disable(target)

target: POLYGON_STIPPLE, POLYGON_SMOOTH,

CULL_FACE

void FrontFace(enum dir);

dir: CCW, CW

void CullFace(enum mode);

mode: FRONT, BACK, FRONT_AND_BACK

Sppling [3.6.2, 6.1.6]

void PolygonSpple(const ubyte *paern);

void GetPolygonSpple(void *paern);

Polygon Rasterizaon & Depth Oset

[3.6.3 - 3.6.4] [3.6.4 - 3.6.5]

void PolygonMode(enum face, enum mode);

face: FRONT, BACK, FRONT_AND_BACK

mode: POINT, LINE, FILL

void PolygonOset(oat factor, oat units);

Enable/Disable(target)

target: POLYGON_OFFSET_{POINT, LINE, FILL}

Pixel Storage Modes [3.7.1]

void PixelStore{if}(enum pname, T param);

pname: {UN}PACK_x (where x may be SWAP_BYTES,

LSB_FIRST, ROW_LENGTH, SKIP_{PIXELS, ROWS},

ALIGNMENT, IMAGE_HEIGHT, SKIP_IMAGES),

UNPACK_COMPRESSED_BLOCK_{WIDTH, HEIGHT,

DEPTH, SIZE}

Pixel Transfer Modes [3.7.3, 6.1.3]

void PixelTransfer{if}(enum param, T value);

param: MAP_{COLOR, STENCIL}, x_ {SCALE, BIAS},

INDEX_{SHIFT, OFFSET}, DEPTH_{SCALE, BIAS},

POST_CONVOLUTION_x_{SCALE, BIAS},

POST_COLOR_MATRIX_x_{SCALE, BIAS}, (where

x is RED, GREEN, BLUE, or ALPHA)

[Table 3.2]

void PixelMap{ui us f}v(enum map, sizei size,

const T values);

map: PIXEL_MAP_x_TO_x (where x may be

{I,S,R,G,B,A}), PIXEL_MAP_I_TO_{R,G,B,A}

[Table 3.3]

void GetPixelMap{ui us f}v(enum map,

T data);

map: see PixelMap{ui us f}v

Color Table Specicaon [3.7.3]

void ColorTable(enum target,

enum internalformat, sizei width,

enum format, enum type,

const void *data);

target: {PROXY_}COLOR_TABLE,

{PROXY_}POST_CONVOLUTION_COLOR_TABLE,

{PROXY_}POST_COLOR_MATRIX_COLOR_TABLE

internalformat: T

he formats in [Table 3.16] or [Tables

3.17-3.19]

except RED, RG,

DEPTH_{COMPONENT, STENCIL} base and sized

internal formats in those tables, all sized internal

formats with non-xed internal data types as

discussed in

[3.9], and RGB9_E5.

format: RED, GREEN, BLUE, ALPHA, RG, RGB, RGBA,

BGRA, LUMINANCE, LUMINANCE_ALPHA

type: see DrawPixels

Enable/Disable(

POST_COLOR_MATRIX_COLOR_TABLE)

void ColorTableParameter{if}v(enum target,

enum pname, const T params);

target: COLOR_TABLE,

POST_COLOR_MATRIX_COLOR_TABLE,

POST_CONVOLUTION_COLOR_TABLE

pname: COLOR_TABLE_SCALE, COLOR_TABLE_BIAS

Alt. Color Table Specicaon Commands

void CopyColorTable(enum target,

enum internalformat, int x, int y,

sizei

width);

void ColorSubTable(enum target, sizei start,

sizei count, enum format, enum type,

void *data);

void CopyColorSubTable(enum target,

sizei start, int x, int y, sizei count);

target and pname: see ColorTableParameter{if}v

Color Table Query [6.1.8]

void GetColorTable(enum target,

enum format, enum type, void *table);

target: see ColorTableParameter{if}v

format: RED, GREEN, BLUE, ALPHA, RGB, RGBA,

BGR, BGRA, LUMINANCE{_ALPHA}

type: UNSIGNED_{BYTE, SHORT, INT}, BYTE,

SHORT, INT, UNSIGNED_BYTE_3_3_2,

UNSIGNED_BYTE_2_3_3_REV,

UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5{_REV},

UNSIGNED_SHORT_4_4_4_4{_REV},

UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_5_5_1,

UNSIGNED_SHORT_1_5_5_5_REV,

UNSIGNED_INT_8_8_8_8{_REV},

UNSIGNED_INT_10_10_10_2,

UNSIGNED_

INT_2_10_10_10_REV

void GetColorTableParameter{if}v(

enum target, enum pname, T params);

target: see ColorTable

pname: COLOR_TABLE_x (where x may be SCALE,

BIAS, FORMAT, COLOR_TABLE_WIDTH, RED_SIZE,

GREEN_SIZE, BLUE_SIZE, ALPHA_SIZE,

LUMINANCE_SIZE, INTENSITY_SIZE)

Convoluon Filter Specicaon [3.7.3]

Enable/Disable(

POST_CONVOLUTION_COLOR_TABLE

)

void ConvoluonFilter2D(enum target,

enum internalformat, sizei width,

sizei height, enum format, enum type,

const void *data);

target: CONVOLUTION_2D

internalformat: see ColorTable

format: RED, GREEN, BLUE, ALPHA, RG, RGB, RGBA,

BGRA, LUMINANCE, LUMINANCE_ALPHA

type: BYTE, SHORT, INT, FLOAT, HALF_FLOAT,

UNSIGNED_{BYTE, SHORT, INT}

(Rasterizaon Connue >)

Shaders and Programs (cont.)

void GetAcveUniformsiv(uint program,

sizei uniformCount,

const uint

*uniformIndices,

enum pname,

int *params);

pname: UNIFORM_{TYPE, SIZE, NAME_LENGTH},

UNIFORM_BLOCK_INDEX, UNIFORM_OFFSET,

UNIFORM_{ARRAY, MATRIX}_STRIDE,

UNIFORM_IS_ROW_MAJOR

Load Uniform Vars. In Default Uniform Block

void Uniform{1234}{ifd}(int locaon,

T value);

void Uniform{1234}{ifd}v(int locaon,

sizei count, const T value);

void Uniform{1234}ui

(int locaon, T value);

void Uniform{1234}uiv(int locaon,

sizei count, const T value);

void UniformMatrix{234}{fd}v(

int locaon, sizei count,

boolean transpose, const T *value);

void UniformMatrix{2x3,3x2,2x4,4x2,

3x4,4x3}{fd}v(int locaon, sizei count,

boolean transpose, const T *value);

void ProgramUniform{1234}{ifd}(

uint program, int locaon, T value);

void ProgramUniform{1234}{ifd}v(

uint program, int locaon, sizei count,

const T value);

void ProgramUniform{1234}ui(

uint program, int locaon, T value);

void ProgramUniform{1234}uiv(

uint program, int locaon, sizei count,

const T value);

void ProgramUniformMatrix{234}{fd}v(

uint program, int locaon, sizei count,

boolean transpose, const oat *value);

void ProgramUniformMatrixf{2x3,3x2,2x4,

4x2,3x4,4x3}{fd}v

(

uint program, int locaon, sizei count,

boolean transpose, const oat *value);

Uniform Buer Object Bindings

void UniformBlockBinding(uint program,

uint uniformBlockIndex,

uint uniformBlockBinding);

Subroune Uniform Variables

[2.11.9] [2.14.9]

int GetSubrouneUniformLocaon(

uint program, enum shadertype,

const char *name);

uint GetSubrouneIndex(uint program,

enum shadertype, const char *name);

void GetAcveSubrouneUniformiv(

uint program, enum shadertype,

uint index, enum pname, int *values);

pname: {NUM_}COMPATIBLE_SUBROUTINES,

UNIFORM_SIZE, UNIFORM_NAME_LENGTH

void GetAcveSubrouneUniformName(

uint program, enum shadertype,

uint index, sizei bufsize, sizei *length,

char *name);

void GetAcveSubrouneName(

uint program, enum shadertype,

uint index, sizei bufsize, sizei *length,

char *name);

void UniformSubrounesuiv(enum shadertype,

sizei count, const uint *indices);

Varying Variables [2.11.12] [2.14.12]

void TransformFeedbackVaryings(

uint program, sizei count,

const char **varyings,

enum buerMode);

buerMode: {INTERLEAVED, SEPARATE}_ATTRIBS

void GetTransformFeedbackVarying(

uint program, uint index, sizei bufSize,

sizei *length, sizei *size, enum *type,

char *name);

*type returns NONE, FLOAT{_VECn}, DOUBLE{_VECn},

{UNSIGNED_}INT, {UNSIGNED_}INT_VECn, MATnxm,

{FLOAT, DOUBLE}_MATn, {FLOAT, DOUBLE}_MATnxm

Shader Execuon [2.11.13] [2.14.13]

void ValidateProgram(uint program);

void ValidateProgramPipeline(

uint pipeline);

Shader Memory Access

[2.11.14] [2.14.14]

void MemoryBarrier(biield barriers);

barriers: ALL_BARRIER_BITS or the OR of:

{VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY, ELEMENT_ARRAY,

UNIFORM, TEXTURE_FETCH, BUFFER_UPDATE,

SHADER_IMAGE_ACCESS, COMMAND,

PIXEL_BUFFER, TEXTURE_UPDATE, FRAMEBUFFER,

TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK,

ATOMIC_COUNTER}_BARRIER_BIT

Tessellaon Control Shaders

[2.12.1-2] [2.15.1-2]

void PatchParameterfv(enum pname,

const oat *values);

pname: PATCH_DEFAULT_{INNER, OUTER}_LEVEL

Fragment Shaders [3.10.2] [3.13.2]

void BindFragDataLocaon(uint program,

uint colorNumber, const char *

name);

oid BindFragDataLocaonIndexed(

uint program, uint colorNumber,

uint index, const char *name);

int GetFragDataLocaon(uint program,

const char *name);

int GetFragDataIndex(uint program,

const char *name);

Shader and Program Queries

Shader Queries [6.1.12] [6.1.18]

boolean IsShader(uint shader);

void GetShaderiv(uint shader, enum pname,

int *params);

pname: SHADER_TYPE, {GEOMETRY, VERTEX}_SHADER,

TESS_{CONTROL,

EVALUATION}_SHADER,

FRAGMENT_SHADER, {DELETE, COMPILE}_STATUS,

INFO_LOG_LENGTH, SHADER_SOURCE_LENGTH

void GetShaderInfoLog(uint shader,

sizei bufSize, sizei *length, char *infoLog);

void GetShaderSource(uint shader,

sizei bufSize, sizei *length, char *source);

void GetShaderPrecisionFormat(

enum shadertype, enum precisiontype,

int *range, int *precision);

shadertype: {VERTEX, FRAGMENT}_SHADER

precisiontype: LOW_{FLOAT, INT},

MEDIUM_{FLOAT, INT}, HIGH_{FLOAT, INT}

void GetProgramStageiv(uint program, enum

shadertype, enum pname, int *values);

pname: ACTIVE_SUBROUTINES,

ACTIVE_SUBROUTINE_{UNIFORMS, MAX_LENGTH},

ACTIVE_SUBROUTINE_UNIFORM_LOCATIONS,

ACTIVE_SUBROUTINE_UNIFORM_MAX_LENGTH

Program Queries [6.1.12] [6.1.18]

void GetAachedShaders(uint program, sizei

maxCount, sizei *count, uint *shaders);

void GetVertexArib{d f i}v(uint index,

enum pname, T *params);

pname: CURRENT_VERTEX_ATTRIB or

VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_x where x is one of

BUFFER_BINDING, DIVISOR, ENABLED, INTEGER,

NORMALIZED, SIZE, STRIDE, or TYPE

void GetVertexAribl{i ui}v(uint index,

enum pname, T *params);

pname: see GetVertexArib{d f i}v

void GetVertexAribLdv(uint index,

enum pname, double *params);

pname: see GetVertexArib{d f i}v

void GetVertexAribPointerv(uint index,

enum pname, void **pointer);

pname: VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_POINTER

void GetUniform{f d i ui}v(uint program,

int locaon, T *params);

void GetUniformSubrouneuiv(

enum shadertype, int locaon,

uint *params);

boolean IsProgram(uint program);

void GetProgramiv(uint program,

enum pname, int *params);

pname:

DELETE_STATUS, LINK_STATUS,

VALIDATE_STATUS, INFO_LOG_LENGTH,

ATTACHED_SHADERS, ACTIVE_ATTRIBUTES,

ACTIVE_ UNIFORMS{_BLOCKS},

ACTIVE_ATTRIBUTES_MAX_LENGTH,

ACTIVE_UNIFORM_MAX_LENGTH,

TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_BUFFER_MODE,

TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_ VARYINGS,

TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_VARYING_MAX_LENGTH,

ACTIVE_UNIFORM_BLOCK_MAX_NAME_LENGTH,

GEOMETRY_VERTICES_OUT,

GEOMETRY_{INPUT, OUTPUT}_TYPE,

GEOMETRY_SHADER_INVOCATIONS,

TESS_CONTROL_OUTPUT_VERTICES,

TESS_GEN_{MODE, SPACING, VERTEX_ORDER},

TESS_GEN_POINT_MODE, PROGRAM_SEPARABLE,

PROGRAM_BINARY_{LENGTH, RETRIEVABLE_HINT}

boolean IsProgramPipeline(uint pipeline);

void GetProgramPipelineiv(uint pipeline,

enum pname, int *params);

void GetProgramInfoLog(uint program,

sizei bufSize, sizei *length, char *infoLog);

void GetProgramPipelineInfoLog(

uint pipeline, sizei bufSize,

sizei *length, char *infoLog);

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