海上钻探的液压脉冲喷射技术及其应用

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"Properties and testing of a hydraulic pulse jet and its application in offshore drilling (2014年)" 是一篇工程技术领域的论文，主要探讨了海洋钻探中液压脉冲射流的特性和测试，以及其在海洋钻井中的应用。该研究特别关注了由于全球能源需求增加，尤其是在中国，海洋钻探所面临的高成本、长钻井周期和低穿透率（ROP）等关键挑战。论文的作者包括 Shi Huaizhong, Li Gensheng, Huang Zhongwei 和 Shi Shuaishuai，他们来自中国石油大学（北京）的国家重点实验室。该研究基于中国的海洋钻探技术和参数，设计了一种专门的液压脉冲发生器，旨在解决海洋钻探过程中遇到的问题。实验部分包括了实验室和现场测试，以收集液压脉冲发生器的特性。研究人员获得了流量与压力振幅的关系、压力损失与脉冲频率的关系，这些数据对于优化液压脉冲射流钻井的操作参数至关重要。同时，论文还设计了一种结合脉冲射流技术的井下工具系统（Bottom Hole Assembly，BHA），这表明液压脉冲射流技术可能为改善海洋钻井效率提供新的解决方案。液压脉冲射流技术是一种创新的钻井方法，它通过周期性的高压水流冲击来增强钻头的破碎岩石能力，从而可能提高钻井速度和效率。此技术的应用可能有助于降低海洋钻井的成本，缩短钻井周期，并潜在地提升穿透率，对于应对海洋钻探中的挑战具有重要意义。此外，论文中获取的压力振幅与流量、压力损失与脉冲频率的关系，为实际操作中调整设备参数提供了理论依据，使得钻井过程更加精细化和高效化。这不仅有助于优化现有的海洋钻井工艺，还有可能推动未来钻井技术的进一步发展。 "Properties and testing of a hydraulic pulse jet and its application in offshore drilling (2014年)" 这篇论文为解决海洋钻探行业的难题提供了一个新的视角和技术途径，对提高钻井效率和降低成本具有重要的实践价值。

401

DOI 10.1007/s12182-014-0354-1

Shi Huaizhong , Li Gensheng, Huang Zhongwei and Shi Shuaishuai

State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China

Abstract:

Offshore drilling has attracted more attention than ever before due to the increasing

worldwide energy demand especially in China. High cost, long drilling cycles, and low rate of penetration

(ROP) represent critical challenges for offshore drilling operations. The hydraulic pulse generator

was specifically designed, based on China offshore drilling technologies and parameters, to overcome

problems encountered during offshore drilling. Both laboratory and eld tests were conducted to collect

the characteristics of the hydraulic pulse generator. The relationships between flow rate and pressure

amplitude, pressure loss and pulse frequency were obtained, which can be used to optimize operation

parameters for hydraulic pulse jet drilling. Meanwhile a bottom hole assembly (BHA) for pulse jet

drilling has been designed, combining the hydraulic pulse generator with the conventional BHA, positive

displacement motor, and rotary steerable system (RSS) etc. Furthermore, the hydraulic pulse jet technique

has been successfully applied in more than 10 offshore wells in China. The depth of the applied wells

ranged from 2,000 m to 4,100 m with drilling bit diameters of 311 mm and 216 mm. The eld application

results showed that hydraulic pulse jet technique was feasible for various bit types and formations, and

that ROP could be signicantly increased, by more than 25%.

Key words:

Pulse jet, offshore drilling, parameter test, oileld application, rate of penetration

Properties and testing of a hydraulic pulse

jet and its application in offshore drilling

*Corresponding author. email: shz@cup.edu.cn

Received November 9, 2013

1 Introduction

Improving offshore drilling rates nowadays encounters

great challenges. Drilling hydraulics may affect the rate of

penetration (ROP) in offshore drilling (Folsta and Martins,

2012; Jerez et al, 2013; Nagib et al, 2011; Tauqurrachman

and Tanjung, 2013). Especially the heavy, high-density

drilling uids used for deepwater drilling to control formation

pressure may reduce ROP significantly (Cheng et al, 2011;

Mohamed et al, 2009). Many efforts have been made to

improve offshore drilling rates, because offshore drilling is

generally considered to be high cost and high risk due to high

offshore platform investment, the harsh natural environments

and complex downhole hazards (Cheng et al, 2013; Poedjono

et al, 2007, Patel et al, 2011; Ranieri et al, 2013). In China,

the costs of offshore drilling on drillships and platforms

have now reached 1 billion dollars and the daily rate reached

from $200,000 to $500,000. Offshore drilling is still going

in despite of the difculties like high cost, high risk and low

penetration rates, because the well could be productive. The

challenges found in offshore drilling have forced oil industry

researchers to develop new technologies to improve the ROP

and achieve cost control in offshore drilling (Guan et al,

2012; Rocha et al, 2003).

In the early 1980s, Johnson et al (1982) proposed the

self-resonant cavitating pulse water jet theory and designed

a nozzle with a structure to generate an acoustic self-

resonant cavitating jet. Ghalambor et al (1988) developed

an intermittent jet nozzle with a rotating disc to change

drilling fluid velocity. Biianti (1990) designed a pulse jet

nozzle which could change the port area and increase jet

impact force by 124% and power by 400%. Subsequently,

Shen and coworkers (Shen, 1987) carried out theoretical and

experimental research in self-resonant cavitating pulse water-

jet technology. On the basis of hydro-acoustics principles and

fluid-transient theory, Li and Shen designed a new efficient

self-resonant cavitating nozzle and veried its high efciency

by numerical simulation and eld experiments (Li and Shen,

1991).

In the 1990s, Kolle and Marvin (1999) developed

hydropulse, a negative pressure pulse tool installed with a

self-circulating lift valve and improved it in the early 21st

century. Waltech in Canada designed a negative pressure

pulse tool (Wang, 2005). Based on fluid transient theory,

researchers in China developed several types of bottom

hole pulse drilling tools, such as the down hole mechanical-

pulse generator (Chen et al, 2000), the low-pressure pulse jet

modulator (Yang et al, 2003), and the down hole hydropulse

vibration drilling tool (Ni et al, 2006a; 2006b).

However, these tools were not applied widely because

they were not fully reliable. To improve drilling rate further,

Pet.Sci.(2014)11:401-407

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海上钻探的液压脉冲喷射技术及其应用

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