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首页C11标准详解：ISO/IEC 9899:2011编程语言C的国际规范

C11标准详解：ISO/IEC 9899:2011编程语言C的国际规范

ISO/IEC

9899:2011

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"ISO/IEC 9899:2011 C11 C标准英文版注解版是一份由国际标准化组织和国际电工委员会联合发布的国际标准，于2011年4月12日发布。这份标准主要定义和确立了用C编程语言编写的程序的形式和解释，旨在促进程序在各种计算机系统上的可移植性、可靠性和维护性，以及高效的执行效率。 C11标准的核心内容包括了C语言本身的详细规定，以及C语言执行库的构成。标准正文通过条款形式详细阐述了这些内容，确保了编程的一致性和标准化。此外，标准还包括了附录，它们概述了语言特性和执行库的相关方面，并列举了影响C程序可移植性的因素，以便开发者在跨平台开发时做出考虑。尽管该标准主要针对具有专业知识的C语言程序员和C语言翻译系统的实现者，但它并不是一个教学手册，而是提供了一个规范的框架。接收此草案的各方被邀请提交他们的反馈，包括已知的与C11标准相关的专利信息，并提供支持文档，以确保标准的完整性和无冲突。相比于之前的草案N1539，C11标准做了多项改进和更新，这些更改通过“diff”标记来区分。N1570版本的发布意味着C语言的语法、特性或库函数可能有了新的规定或优化，对于C开发者来说，理解和遵循这个最新标准至关重要，因为它直接影响到代码的正确性、性能和兼容性。 ISO/IEC 9899:2011 C11 C标准不仅是编程人员进行高质量C语言开发的指南，也是系统集成者和技术决策者制定技术策略的重要依据。通过学习和遵循这一标准，开发人员可以确保他们的C程序能够在广泛的平台上运行并保持高效性能，同时避免潜在的专利风险。"

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ISO/IEC 9899:201x Committee Draft — April 12, 2011 N1570

— deprecate ungetc at the beginning of a binary ﬁle

— remove deprecation of aliased array parameters

— conversion of array to pointer not limited to lvalues

— relaxed constraints on aggregate and union initialization

— relaxed restrictions on portable header names

— return without expression not permitted in function that returns a value (and vice

versa)

8 Annexes D, F, G, K, and L form a normative part of this standard; annexes A, B, C, E, H,

I, J, the bibliography, and the index are for information only. In accordance with Part 2 of

the ISO/IEC Directives, this foreword, the introduction, notes, footnotes, and examples

are also for information only.

xvi Foreword

N1570 Committee Draft — April 12, 2011 ISO/IEC 9899:201x

Introduction

1 With the introduction of new devices and extended character sets, new features may be

added to this International Standard. Subclauses in the language and library clauses warn

implementors and programmers of usages which, though valid in themselves, may

conﬂict with future additions.

2 Certain features are obsolescent, which means that they may be considered for

withdrawal in future revisions of this International Standard. They are retained because

of their widespread use, but their use in new implementations (for implementation

features) or new programs (for language [6.11] or library features [7.31]) is discouraged.

3 This International Standard is divided into four major subdivisions:

— preliminary elements (clauses 1−4);

— the characteristics of environments that translate and execute C programs (clause 5);

— the language syntax, constraints, and semantics (clause 6);

— the library facilities (clause 7).

4 Examples are provided to illustrate possible forms of the constructions described.

Footnotes are provided to emphasize consequences of the rules described in that

subclause or elsewhere in this International Standard. References are used to refer to

other related subclauses. Recommendations are provided to give advice or guidance to

implementors. Annexes provide additional information and summarize the information

contained in this International Standard. A bibliography lists documents that were

referred to during the preparation of the standard.

5 The language clause (clause 6) is derived from ‘‘The C Reference Manual’’.

6 The library clause (clause 7) is based on the 1984 /usr/group Standard.

Introduction xvii

ISO/IEC 9899:201x Committee Draft — April 12, 2011 N1570

xviii Introduction

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ©ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 9899:201x

Programming languages — C

1. Scope

1 This International Standard speciﬁes the form and establishes the interpretation of

programs written in the C programming language.

It speciﬁes

— the representation of C programs;

— the syntax and constraints of the C language;

— the semantic rules for interpreting C programs;

— the representation of input data to be processed by C programs;

— the representation of output data produced by C programs;

— the restrictions and limits imposed by a conforming implementation of C.

2 This International Standard does not specify

— the mechanism by which C programs are transformed for use by a data-processing

system;

— the mechanism by which C programs are invoked for use by a data-processing

system;

— the mechanism by which input data are transformed for use by a C program;

— the mechanism by which output data are transformed after being produced by a C

program;

— the size or complexity of a program and its data that will exceed the capacity of any

speciﬁc data-processing system or the capacity of a particular processor;

— all minimal requirements of a data-processing system that is capable of supporting a

conforming implementation.

1) This International Standard is designed to promote the portability of C programs among a variety of

data-processing systems. It is intended for use by implementors and programmers.

§1 General 1

ISO/IEC 9899:201x Committee Draft — April 12, 2011 N1570

2. Normative references

1 The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this

document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,

the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

2 ISO 31−11:1992, Quantities and units — Part 11: Mathematical signs and symbols for

use in the physical sciences and technology.

3 ISO/IEC 646, Information technology — ISO 7-bit coded character set for information

interchange.

4 ISO/IEC 2382−1:1993, Information technology — Vocabulary — Part 1: Fundamental

terms.

5 ISO 4217, Codes for the representation of currencies and funds.

6 ISO 8601, Data elements and interchange formats — Information interchange —

Representation of dates and times.

7 ISO/IEC 10646 (all parts), Information technology — Universal Multiple-Octet Coded

Character Set (UCS).

8 IEC 60559:1989, Binary ﬂoating-point arithmetic for microprocessor systems (previously

designated IEC 559:1989).

2 General §2

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