2003版Kary Främling的Java编程入门指南

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"《Java编程入门指南》由Kary Främling在2003年为阿卡达理工学院的Java基础课程编撰，旨在提供一个对Java编程语言的基础介绍。作者基于1999年春季Java 1.1版本编写，虽然随着时间的推移，Java语言经历了多次迭代，但该指南依然具有较高的参考价值，因为它着重于实战技巧，覆盖了Java程序员可能遇到的许多实际问题。本书的第一部分"什么是Java 5"探讨了Java的不同类型应用程序，包括桌面应用、Web应用和移动应用，强调了Java的跨平台特性，即Java程序能够在任何支持Java运行环境（JRE）的设备上运行，这是Java的一大优势，确保了代码的兼容性和可移植性。接下来，历史部分概述了Java语言的发展历程，自1995年发布以来，Java如何从最初的版本到现在的版本，历经多个主要更新，如Java SE、Java EE和Java ME，以及它们各自的特点和应用场景。第二部分"Java开发工具"详细介绍了Java Development Kit (JDK)，它是Java开发者必备的工具包，包含了Java编译器、虚拟机（JVM）、文档和其他实用工具。在线文档在此部分也被提及，它为学习者提供了丰富的参考资料，帮助他们随时获取最新的API文档和最佳实践。由于作者计划未来更新此书以适应Java语言的最新进展，读者可以期待一个与时俱进的教程，不仅能够掌握基础技能，还能紧跟技术潮流。《Introduction to Java Programming》是一本既适合初学者入门，又能在Java编程道路上提供持续指导的实用指南。"

Introduction to Java programming K.Främling Page 11

1997 - : Java becomes increasingly popular and most operating systems provide a Java Virtual

Machine. Java begins to be used for application develoment, not only for applets. Microsoft

understands the threat that Java represents and tries to ”pollute” the language in order to take

it over.

Java was already from the start meant to be multi-platform. It was also intended to be very

light-weight, especially concerning the size of the compiled programs and the size of the

virtual machine. These are the main reasons for its’ suitability for WWW applications.

Java shares many characteristics of the two most important existing object oriented

programming languages, which are Smalltalk and C++. Characteristics common with

Smalltalk are:

• Similar object model (single-rooted inheritance) hierarchy, access to

objects via reference only, ...).

• Compiled to byte-code (initially interpreted).

• Dynamic memory layout plus garbage collection.

• Simple inheritance.

Common characteristics with C++ are:

• Same syntax for expressions, statements, and control flow.

• Similar OO structural syntax (classes, access protection, constructors,

method declaration, ...).

What makes Java more interesting than both these languages is that it has borrowed all the

best ideas in Smalltalk and avoided the bad ideas in C++, which make C++ a very difficult

language to learn.

Java is still a very young language. This is the reason why there exists several specification

levels of the language:

• 1.0 - 1.0.2: Appeared in 1995. Contained the complete specification of the language and a

class library for the most essential things.

• 1.1 – 1.1.7A: Appeared in 1997. Included improvements in the graphical interface and

added most of the functionalities that are usually included in proprietary class libraries

(MFC, OWL, …). Networking was also improved, especially for distributed computing.

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