TIA-920：宽带数字有线电话传输标准

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"TIA-920 是由电信行业协会（Telecommunications Industry Association，简称TIA）发布的一份标准文档，全称为‘Telecommunications Telephone Terminal Equipment Transmission Requirements for Wideband Digital Wireline Telephones’，该标准主要关注宽频数字有线电话的传输要求。这份标准制定于2002年12月，旨在规范通信行业中电话终端设备的传输性能，促进制造商与购买者之间的理解和互操作性，以及帮助消费者快速选择适合自身需求的产品。 TIA-920标准的核心内容可能包括以下几个方面： 1. **传输性能**：定义了宽频数字有线电话在信号传输过程中的性能指标，如数据速率、信噪比、误码率等，以确保通信质量。 2. **兼容性**：规定了设备间接口标准，促进不同品牌或型号的电话设备能无缝对接，提高系统的互操作性。 3. **宽频支持**：详细阐述了宽频语音和数据服务的技术要求，确保电话支持高清语音和其他多媒体服务。 4. **电磁兼容性（EMC）**：提出了设备应具备的电磁干扰和抗干扰能力，以减少环境因素对通信的影响。 5. **安全性**：包含了设备的安全标准，包括电气安全、用户防护以及网络安全，确保用户在使用过程中的人身和信息安全。 6. **测试方法**：提供了评估设备是否符合TIA-920标准的测试程序和参数，以便制造商进行产品验证和认证。 7. **持续改进**：强调了标准的动态更新和改进，以适应通信技术的快速发展。 TIA标准的发布并不限制其成员或非成员制造不符合标准的产品，但这些标准通常被业界广泛采纳，成为国际上衡量产品质量和技术水平的重要依据。非TIA成员也可以自愿采用这些标准，提升其产品在全球市场的竞争力。 TIA文档通常包含对行业具有技术价值的信息，由发起委员会请求发布，虽然不一定遵循严格的编制流程，但它们对于推动通信行业的标准化和技术创新起到了关键作用。" 请注意，由于原始内容有限，以上内容是基于对“TIA-920”这一主题的常识性推测和一般性理解。实际标准的具体细节可能会更复杂且详细，涉及更多具体的技术规范和技术参数。

TIA-920

3. Normative References

The following standards contain provisions, which, through reference in this text, constitute

provisions of this Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards

are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Standard are encouraged to investigate

the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below, or their

successors. ANSI and TIA maintain registers of currently valid national standards published by them.

[1] ANSI/EIA/TIA-571-A-1999, Environmental Considerations.

[2] ANSI/TIA/EIA-810-A-2000, Transmission Requirements for Narrowband Voice over IP and

Voice over PCM Digital Wireline Telephones. (

http://www.tiaonline.org/standards/ip/

)

[3] IEEE Standard 269-2002, Standard Methods for Measuring Transmission Performance of

Analog and Digital Telephone Sets, Handsets, and Headsets.

[4] IEEE Standard 1329-1999, Standard Method for Measuring Transmission Performance of

HandsFree Telephone Sets.

[5] ANSI S1.4-1990, Sound Level Meters.

[6] IETF RFC 1890 AVT Profiles.

[7] ITU-T Recommendation G.711 (1988), Pulse code Modulation (PCM) of voice frequencies.

[8] ITU-T Recommendation P.51 (1996), Artificial mouth.

[9] ITU-T Recommendation P.57 (1996), Artificial ears.

[10] ITU-T Recommendation P.58 (1996), Head and torso simulator for telephonometry.

[11] ITU-T Recommendation P.64 (1999), Determination of sensitivity/frequency characteristics

of local telephone systems.

[12] ITU-T Recommendation P.79 (1999), Calculation of loudness ratings for telephone sets.

[13] ITU-T Recommendation P.79, Annex G (2001), Wideband loudness rating algorithm

[14] ITU-T Recommendation P.311 (1998), Transmission characteristics for wideband (150-7000

Hz) digital handset telephones.

[15] ITU-T Recommendation P.341 (1998), Transmission characteristics for wideband (150-7000

Hz) digital handsfree telephony terminals.

[16] ITU-T Recommendation P.360 (1998), Efficiency of devices for preventing the occurrence of

excessive acoustic pressure by telephone receivers.

[17] ITU-T Recommendation P.501 (2000), Test signals for use in telephonometry.

[18] ISO 3: 1973 Preferred numbers - Series of preferred numbers.

TIA-920

4. Definitions, Abbreviations and Acronyms

For the purposes of this Standard, the following definitions apply.

4.1. Codec

A codec is a combination of an analog-to-digital encoder and a digital-to-analog decoder operating in

opposite directions of transmission in the same equipment.

4.2. Ear Reference Point (ERP)

A virtual point for geometric reference located at the entrance to the listener's ear, traditionally used

for calculating telephonometric loudness ratings.

4.3. HATS Position

The HATS (head and torso simulator) position (ITU-T P.64 Annex D and Annex E) is the correct

handset position for measuring sensitivity and frequency response characteristics. The HATS position

has been shown to be essentially identical to the LRGP (loudness rating guard-ring position) position,

except for the mouth simulator direction, which has been corrected with a 19 degree downwards

rotation to more closely match real talkers. For handsets with omnidirectional microphones,

measurements on the two heads may differ slightly, typically less than 1 dB. For handsets with

directional or noise-canceling microphones, the differences will be larger, and the HATS position will

give the more realistic results. Some equipment may use the term “LRGP-H” for the HATS position.

4.4. Mouth Reference Point (MRP)

The mouth reference point is located on axis and 25 mm in front of the lip plane of a mouth simulator.

4.5. Reference Volume Control Setting

The receive volume control setting which results in the receive loudness rating (RLR) closest to the

specified RLR value. There may be separate settings for handset, headset and handsfree modes.

4.6. Session Description Protocol (SDP)

Session Description Protocol is a standard way of defining dynamically an RTP media payload

(media format). RFC stands for Request for Comment and is used by the Internet Engineering Task

Force (IETF) to define IP protocol standards.

4.7. Sound Pressure Levels

Sound pressure level is a value expressed as a ratio of the pressure of a sound to a reference pressure.

The following sound level units are used in this standard:

dBPa: The sound pressure level, in decibels, of a sound is 20 times the logarithm to the base 10 of

the ratio of the pressure of this sound to the reference pressure of

1 Pascal (Pa). Note: 1 Pa = 1 N/m

dBSPL: The sound pressure level, in decibels, of a sound is 20 times the logarithm to the base 10 of

the ratio of the pressure of this sound to the reference pressure of

2 X 10

-5

N/m

(0 dBPa corresponds to 94 dBSPL).

dBA: The A-weighted sound level is the sound pressure level in dBSPL, weighted by use of

metering characteristics and A-weighting specified in ANSI S1.4.

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