IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, VOL. 60, NO. 3, MARCH 2012 477
Novel Second-Order Dual-Mode Dual-Band Filters
Using Capacitance Loaded Square Loop Resonator
Sen Fu, Bian Wu, Member, IEEE, Jia Chen, Shou-jia Sun, and Chang-hong Liang,
Senior Member, IEEE
Abstract—This paper presents a novel approach for designing
dual-mode dual-band bandpass filters using capacitance loaded
square loop resonators (CLSLR). The CLSLR features compact-
ness and spurious response suppression because of the loaded ca-
pacitance. A dual-band response is obtained via an extremely large
perturbation in a single resonator and second-order dual-mode
dual-band filters are realized by a new cascading principle. Cou-
pling coefficients between two resonators in both bands can be con-
trolled independently and external quality factors are also con-
trolled by a p articularly-designed coplanar w aveguide (CPW) feed
line. Three types of filters are designed to validate the analysis.
They are direct coupling dual-mode du al-band filter, source-load
coupling dual-mode dual-band filter with a better band-to-band
isolation and CPW-feed dual-mode dual-band filter with a wider
bandwidth. Measured results show good agreement with the de-
sign specifications.
Index Terms—Dual band, dual mode, microstrip filter, square
loop.
I. INTRODUCTION
T
HERE is a growing need for dual-band operation for RF
devices. Several dual-band BPFs that have features of
compactness, good passband, and ou t-of-ban d performances
have been developed via dual-mode resonators such as mi-
crostrip patches and square loops with perturbation [1]–[6].
However, most of the proposed dual-mode dual-band BPFs
are realized by two n ested dual-mode resonators with different
sizes [1]–[3] or by m ultilay er structures [4]–[6].
Several dual-mode reson ators h ave been proposed. In [7], a
new capacitively stepped impedance resonator is proposed, and
another capacitively loaded square loop resonator is proposed
in [8]. Using this kind of design, spurious response suppres-
sion and size reduction is realized. In [9] and [10], a cross-
slot is added to increase the current transmission path, and the
resonator is miniaturized. Conventional pertur bation is used to
stimulate the degenerate mode s [1]–[6], [11], [12], but the two
modes are within a single passband. In [4], [13], and [14 ], many
ways for cascading two resonators are introduced and bandpass
filters are proposed. However, the cascaded resonators are used
to form only one passband. Conventional gap-coupled feedin g
Manuscript received July 07, 2011; revised December 19, 2011; accepted De-
cember 20, 2011. Date of publication February 06, 2012; date of current version
March 02, 2012. This work is supported b y the National Natural Science Foun-
dation of China (NSFC) under project 60901031 and the Fundamental Research
Funds fo r the Central Universities 72005477.
The authors are with the National Key Laboratory of Antennas and
Microwave Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710071, China (e-mail:
fusensam3@gmail.com).
Color versions of one or more of the figures in this paper are available online
at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.
Dig
ital Object Identifier 10.1109/TMTT.2011.2181859
structure for dual-mode resonators obtains a weak coupling or
a high external qua lit y factor
within a limited range.
Therefore, only narrowband filters can be designed . A nov el
coplanar waveguide (C PW ) feeding structure is introduced in
[1]. The feed ing structure resul ts in a wide range of externa l
quality factors and increases the design freedom.
First in this paper, a novel capacitance loaded s qu are loop res-
onator (CLSLR) with spurious response suppression and size
reduction is proposed. A large inner patch perturb atio n is de-
signed to split the degenerate modes far away from each other so
as to form two passbands. This conception is the first to be pro-
posed. Two identical CLSLRs are cascaded by a method based
on the principle of mirror which m akes it possible to control
the coupling strength between the two resonators in each pass-
band independently. A CPW f eed structure is explored to obtain
a wider band filter. The external quality factors that are fitfor
both bands are realized via particularly-designed feed line.
This paper is organized as follows. Section II characterizes
the proposed n ovel CLSLR. The way t hat two resonators are
cascaded is demonstrated in Section III. In Section IV, three
types of dual-mode dual-band filters are designed. They are di-
rect coupling Filter I, source-load co upl ing Filter II, and CPW-
feed Filter III. Finally, a conclusion is drawn in Section V.
II. C
HARACTERISTICS OF CAPACITANCE LOAD ED SQUARE
LOOP RESONATOR
Fig. 1(a) depicts th
e proposed novel dual-mode resonator.
Compared with conv
entional square loop dual-mode resonator,
this CLSLR has fou
r arrow-shaped patches that are attached to
the outer corner
s of the square loop. They can act as four ca-
pacitors. Beca
use of the loaded capacitance, the CLSLR has
spurious resp
onse suppression [8]. In addition, the application
of the arrow-s
haped capacitance significantly increases the cur-
rent transmi
ssion path at the outer corners of the loop resonator,
which effect
ively reduces the resonance frequency and the size
of th e reso
nator. Besides, there is another important feature of
the specia
l designed p atch that will be described in Section III.
The compos
ite transmission line m o d el of the CLSLR is
showninFi
g. 1(b). It is composed of two branches in parallel,
the upper
one and the lower one. The loaded capacitance
attached
to each outer corner of the loop is equivalent to
,
and the p
erturbation patch is equivalent to
. The charac-
terist
ic im pedance of the transmission line in each side of
the sq
uare loop is
, and its electronic length is . is
the in
put and output coupling capacitance. In order to main-
tain
the symmetry of the circuit,
is changed to
in the upper branch, and is
cha
nged to
in the lower branch.
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