MATLAB在心理学研究中的应用指南

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《MATLAB for Psychologists》是一本由Mauro Borgo、Alessandro Soranzo和Massimo Grassi合著的专业书籍，专为心理学家设计，旨在帮助他们在心理学研究中有效利用MATLAB这一强大的数学计算和图形处理工具。MATLAB是一款广泛应用于科学计算、工程和数据分析领域的高级编程语言，其在神经科学研究中的应用尤其突出。本书详细介绍了MATLAB的基本概念和技术，以及如何将其融入到心理学实验设计、数据预处理、统计分析、模型建立和可视化等各个环节。作者们以其丰富的学术背景，包括Mauro Borgo来自意大利Dueville的维亚马罗斯蒂纳168号，以及Massimo Grassi在意大利帕多瓦大学的心理学系和Alessandro Soranzo在英国泰塞西德大学的社会科学与法律学院的经验，确保了内容的实用性和深度。书中涵盖了MATLAB的基础操作，如变量和数组管理、函数编写、矩阵运算、图形绘制等，同时也深入探讨了高级主题，例如神经信号处理、机器学习算法在心理数据上的应用，以及如何通过MATLAB进行复杂统计分析。此外，书还特别关注了MATLAB在心理学实验设计中的角色，强调了它在实验控制、数据同步和结果解释方面的优势。作为Springer出版的一部作品，本书不仅提供理论知识，还配以实例和案例，帮助读者更好地理解和掌握MATLAB在实际心理学研究中的应用。版权方面，该书受Springer Science+Business Media LLC保护，未经许可，不得全文翻译或复制，除非用于评论或学术分析。书中提及的商标和服务标记体现了作者对行业内相关术语的尊重和规范使用。《MATLAB for Psychologists》是一本不可或缺的参考文献，对于那些希望提升数据分析技能并充分利用MATLAB解决心理学问题的研究人员和学生来说，这是一份极具价值的学习资料。通过阅读这本书，心理学专业人士可以拓宽研究工具箱，提高科研效率和数据解读能力。

Contents

Analysis ................................................................................................. 243

Summary ................................................................................................... 243

Exercises ................................................................................................... 244

Exercise 1 .............................................................................................. 244

Solution 1 .............................................................................................. 244

Exercise 2 .............................................................................................. 244

Solution 2 .............................................................................................. 245

A Brick for an Experiment ........................................................................ 245

References ................................................................................................. 248

Suggested Readings .................................................................................. 248

10 Psychtoolbox: Sound, Keyboard and Mouse ........................................ 249

Timing ....................................................................................................... 249

Priority ...................................................................................................... 250

Sound Functions........................................................................................ 251

Getting Participants’ Inputs: Keyboard and Mouse Functions ................. 253

Keyboard Response .............................................................................. 253

“Press Any Key to Proceed” ................................................................. 254

“Press the Spacebar to Proceed” ........................................................... 254

“Press Any Key to Respond” ................................................................ 256

Reaction-Time Detection ...................................................................... 256

Choice Reaction Time ........................................................................... 258

Go/No-Go Reaction Time ..................................................................... 259

Reaction Times Within a Video Clip..................................................... 260

Mouse Input .......................................................................................... 262

Using Participants’ Input to Manipulate Shape Characteristics ................ 263

Keyboard Manipulations ....................................................................... 264

Placing Discs with the Mouse ............................................................... 266

Summary ................................................................................................... 267

Exercises ................................................................................................... 268

Exercise 1 ............................................................................................. 268

A Brick for an Experiment ........................................................................ 269

References ................................................................................................. 272

Suggested Readings .................................................................................. 273

About the Authors ........................................................................................... 275

Index ................................................................................................................ 277

M. Borgo et al., MATLAB for Psychologists,

DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-2197-9_1, © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

2012

This chapter gives an overview of MATLAB and compares MATLAB with a scientiﬁ c

calculator. The chapter gives also an overview of basic arithmetic operations and

functions as well as a short introduction to matrices and matrix manipulation.

It is supposed that you have already installed MATLAB on your computer. When

you start MATLAB, the MATLAB desktop opens, as shown in Fig. 1.1 (or some-

thing similar, depending on your MATLAB version). In this ﬁ rst chapter we refer

only to the Command Window, where the special >> prompt appears. The other

windows have the following meaning:

The Workspace Window contains a list of variables that are in use in the working •

session.

The Command History contains the list of all commands you have typed in the •

command window.

The Current Folder window shows the list of the ﬁ les contained the folder you •

are working on.

When the prompt >> is visible, this means that MATLAB is waiting for a com-

mand. You can quit MATLAB at any time in either of the following ways:

1. Select Exit MATLAB from the desktop File menu.

2. Enter quit or exit after the command window prompt >> , and press the Enter key.

Alternatively, select File with the mouse from the top menu bar, and then exit

MATLAB.

Observe that the tab above the Workspace shows the Current Directory Window.

For example, in the Windows operating system, the path might be as follows:

C:\MATLAB\Work, indicating that directory “Work” is a subdirectory of the main

directory “MATLAB,” which is installed in drive C. Clicking on the arrow in the

Current Directory Window shows a list of recently used paths. Clicking on the but-

ton to the right of the window allows the user to change the current directory.

Knowing which is the current path is fundamental: from the Command Window you

Chapter 1

Basic Operations

1 Basic Operations

You can perform other arithmetic operations, such as multiplication, subtraction, and

division, and MATLAB always returns the correct result. If such is not the case, there

is certainly something wrong with what you typed. For example, you can try the

following operations (type the operation after the >> prompt followed by Enter):

To TYPE after prompt >>

followed by Enter MATLAB answer Meaning of the operation

35*12 ans = 420 Multiplication

2/45 ans = 0.0444 Division

4−1 ans = 3 Subtraction

2^3 ans = 8 Exponentiation

Note that to type numbers such as the Avogadro’s number 6.023 × 10

, you can

either write the expression 6.023*10^23 or you can represent the number in scien-

tiﬁ c notation. To enter Avogadro’s number in scientiﬁ c format, type 6.023e23, where

6.023 is the mantissa and 23 is the exponent. Mantissa and exponent must be sepa-

rated by the letter e (or E):

>> 6.023*10^23 <ENTER>

ans =

6.0230e+023

>> 6.023e23 <ENTER>

ans =

6.0230e+023

Such numbers are also deﬁ ned to be ﬂ oating point.

MATLAB warns you in the case of in invalid operation or “unexpected” results.

What do you think MATLAB will show us if we type 12/0 or 0/0? Let’s try it:

To TYPE after prompt >>

followed by Enter MATLAB answer Meaning of the answer

12/0 ans = Inf You should not divide by zero, but if

you do, the result is Inﬁ nity

0/0 ans = NaN Unable to ﬁ nd the answer, so the

result is NaN = Not a Number

11+ ??? 11+

Error: Expression

or statement is

incomplete or

incorrect

If you want to perform this

operation, you must complete the

expression with another term

As you can see, MATLAB is unable to “stay quiet.” It quickly answers your

commands by displaying something in the command window. In the previous cases,

the answer was a special value such as Inf (Inﬁ nity) or NaN (Not a Number) . You

can use these special values on their own, typing, for example:

>> 12/Inf <ENTER>

ans =

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