LTCC技术实现的U型步进阻抗谐振器带通滤波器设计

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"本文介绍了一种使用U型步进阻抗谐振器(SIR)的嵌入式多层低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC)带通滤波器设计。该滤波器采用微带输入和输出端口，适用于X波段应用，具有紧凑的尺寸和良好的性能。设计的三阶带通滤波器在9.5 GHz中心频率下，插入损耗小于1.8 dB，带宽为3.2%，回波损耗超过10 dB。滤波器的物理尺寸仅为15.3 x 6.7 mm²，实现了高密度集成。" 在无线通信系统中，带通滤波器是一种关键组件，用于允许特定频段的信号通过，同时阻止其他频段的信号。LTCC技术由于其高密度集成、良好的热稳定性和频率响应特性，常被用于制造微小型射频(RF)和微波组件，如滤波器。本文提出的U型SIR结构，通过调整其参数（如孔径长度R1和内部半径r1），可以实现良好的阻抗匹配，从而扩展滤波器的工作带宽。文中提到的U型SIR是一种创新的谐振器设计，它能有效地控制电磁能量的分布，产生多个共振模式，以实现超宽带(UWB)性能。SIR的这种特性使得滤波器在特定频率范围内具有较高的选择性。通过调整谐振器的几何尺寸，可以精确地设定滤波器的中心频率和带宽。实验部分，研究人员利用实际制作的折叠传输线和双面印刷在1.6mm厚的FR4基板上的天线进行了测试。折叠天线的设计包括两个半椭圆形平面，尺寸分别为R1/r1 = 26mm/13mm和R2/r2 = 15mm/8.25mm。馈电的折叠传输线长度为10mm，侧壁条带宽度与基板厚度相同，均为1.6mm，而折叠同轴带状线（CPW）的间隙距离g为0.3mm。性能验证采用了安捷伦HP8363系列网络分析仪进行测量，结果证实了设计的滤波器在9.5 GHz中心频率具备优异的性能指标，符合设计目标。这种滤波器的实现不仅在尺寸上具有优势，而且在性能上也满足了现代无线通信系统对高效滤波的需求。这项工作展示了LTCC技术结合U型SIR结构在设计小型化、高性能带通滤波器方面的潜力，对于无线通信、雷达系统和其他射频应用具有重要的实用价值。未来的研究可能会进一步优化这些设计，探索更多的谐振器结构和LTCC工艺改进，以提高滤波器的性能和适应更多频段的应用需求。

need to be further investigated. Finally, when the aperture length

is adjusted to 26 mm and r

is 13 mm, a good impedance

matching for the ultrawide bandwidth was achieved in this

study. Figure 5 shows the simulated ﬁeld distributions on the

slot region at different resonating frequencies. The current distri-

bution demonstrates that the proposed antenna can generate mul-

tiple resonating modes to achieve an UWB.

3. MEASURED AND NUMERICAL RESULTS

In this study the proposed antenna shown in Figure 2 was con-

structed and tested. Figure 6(a) shows the photograph of the

actual folded transmission line and the proposed antenna. The

folded antenna was printed on two sides of a 1.6 mm thick FR4

substrate with a ground size of 30.3 mm  40 mm. The geomet-

ric sizes for the tapered-curved slot antenna folded with two

half-ellipse-shaped planes were R

 r

(26 mm 13 mm) and

 r

(15 mm 8.25 mm), respectively. The folded transmis-

sion line fed from the edge was 10 mm long with a sidewall

strip width of 1.6 mm, the same as the substrate’s thickness, and

the gap distance g of the folded CPW was 0.3 mm.

The experiments were performed using an Agilent HP8363-

PNA network analyzer. The simulation was performed using

HFSS software. The SMA connector was also included in the

simulation model. Figure 6(b) shows the measured and simu-

lated reﬂection coefﬁcient of the folded UWB antenna. When

comparing the measured and simulated results, our ﬁndings

show that the measured bandwidth of the folded slot antenna

ranges from 2.87 GHz to 11 GHz. The measured bandwidth is

more than 8.13 GHz with a reﬂection coefﬁcient of less than

10 dB. The peak resonant points are at 3.11, 4.43, 7.10, 8.92,

and 10.31 GHz, respectively. The simulated results show an 8

GHz bandwidth, which ranges from 3 GHz to 11 GHz, and the

peak resonant points are at 3.23, 3.98, 6.35, 8.68, and 10.13

GHz, respectively. The difﬁculties of manufacturing this antenna

result in some unavoidable errors at the resonating frequencies

and some shift in frequencies, however, the behavior of the

simulated and measured results are similar.

Figure 7 shows the peak gains of the measured folded slot

antenna. The antenna gain was measured in the anechoic cham-

ber of NTUST, Taiwan, using a standard double-ridge horn

antenna (EMCO 3115). Our ﬁndings indicate that the gain of

the UWB antenna increases in an approximately linear fashion,

but there is some variation over the entire bandwidth from 3

GHz to 10 GHz, reaching the maximum at 10 GHz. The maxi-

mum gain is about 9 dBi and the minimum gain is about 3 dBi.

The radiation patterns for the novel folded slot antenna were

also investigated. The antenna was measured at both vertical

and horizontal polarization on the E-plane (XZ-plane) and H-

plane (YZ-plane). Figure 8(a) shows the measured E-plane (XZ-

plane) radiation patterns for the proposed folded slot antenna at

3 and 7 GHz, respectively. Figure 8(b) shows the measured H-

plane (YZ-plane) radiation patterns at 3 and 7 GHz, respectively.

The measured radiation patterns on the E-plane and H-plane are

nearly omni-directional at 3 and 7 GHz, respectively, and the

nulls appear at higher frequency bands. The patterns seem to be

slightly asymmetrical because of the folding.

4. CONCLUSIONS

This article presented a novel planar folded type antenna with

curved radiating slots fed by a folded CPW transmission line for

UWB system applications. The measured results conﬁrm that

the folded transmission line remains a 50-X transmission line.

The performance of the proposed folded antenna was theoreti-

cally investigated using HFSS software. To validate the pro-

posed design, this study performed some parameter measure-

ments. The experimental results compared with the simulation

results demonstrated that the folded slot antenna preserves the

UWB characteristics.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors are grateful to the National Center for High-perform-

ance Computing for the computer time and the use of the facilities.

REFERENCES

1. Federal Communications Commission, Authorization of ultra-wide-

band technology, First Note and Order (FCC 02-48), Washington,

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2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

AN EMBEDDED MULTILAYER LTCC

BAND-PASS FILTER USING U-TYPE

STEPPED IMPEDANCE RESONATOR

Zhigang Wang, Peng Wu, Bo Yan, Yunchuan Guo, Ruimin Xu,

and Weigan Lin

School of Electronic Engineering, University of Electronic Science

and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People’s Republic of

China; Corresponding author: zgwang@ee.uestc.edu.cn or

wangzhigang19791@163.com

Received 5 November 2009

ABSTRACT: This article proposes a compact multilayer band-pass

ﬁlter based on low-temperature co-ﬁred ceramic (LTCC) technology.

The ﬁlter is constructed using U-type stepped impedance resonators

(SIR) with microstrip input and output ports. To validate the proposed

ﬁlter, a three-order X-band Chebyshev band-pass ﬁlter is developed and

veriﬁed by full-wave simulation. The proposed ﬁlter is fabricated using

multilayer LTCC technology and measured using vector network

analyzer (VNA). Covering area of the fabricated band-pass ﬁlter is only

DOI 10.1002/mop MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS / Vol. 52, No. 8, August 2010 1877

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