Java服务器编程：原理与技术探索

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"本文是关于Java服务器程序设计的翻译，涵盖了原理和技术，由Subrahmanyam Allamaraju博士撰写。文章探讨了21世纪电子商务和其他企业应用对透明度、网络化、适应性和面向服务的需求，强调服务器端技术在电子交易中的核心地位。" 在Java服务器程序设计中，涉及的关键知识点包括： 1. **服务器端应用程序的角色**：随着企业从封闭和孤立的应用转向更透明、网络化和服务导向的应用，以支持电子商业交易，服务器端技术的重要性日益增强。它们是21世纪企业背后的驱动力。 2. **面向服务架构（SOA）**：现代企业应用程序被要求具备服务导向性，这意味着它们应作为可重用的服务来设计，允许不同系统之间的交互和集成。SOA允许企业构建灵活且可扩展的架构。 3. **透明度与网络化**：企业应用需要在网络环境中无缝运行，对用户透明，无论他们身在何处，都能提供一致的体验。这涉及到分布式计算、负载均衡和容错机制等技术。 4. **适应性**：21世纪的企业应用需要能够快速适应变化，如市场需求、业务规则或技术更新。这要求服务器端程序具有高度的可配置性、可扩展性和模块化。 5. **技术需求**：文章旨在突出服务器端的技术需求，这可能包括但不限于Java平台的特性，如Java EE（企业版）框架、Servlets、JSP（Java Server Pages）、EJB（Enterprise JavaBeans）、JMS（Java消息服务）以及数据访问技术如JDBC（Java Database Connectivity）。 6. **企业级应用开发**：服务器端程序设计通常涉及复杂的设计模式，如MVC（模型-视图-控制器）、DAO（数据访问对象）模式和事务管理，确保系统的稳定性和性能。 7. **性能和安全性**：高性能和安全性是服务器端程序的重要考虑因素。优化代码、缓存策略、安全协议和认证机制都是保证系统效能和保护数据安全的关键组成部分。 8. **翻译挑战**：在进行翻译时，不仅要准确传达原文的技术概念，还要考虑目标语言的文化和表达习惯，确保专业术语的准确性和上下文的连贯性。 9. **毕业设计与论文**：对于毕业设计和论文，理解并掌握这些服务器端编程的原理和技术是至关重要的，能够帮助学生构建出符合实际需求的高质量应用。 Java服务器程序设计是一个多维度的领域，涵盖了一系列技术和原则，对于理解和构建企业级应用至关重要。通过深入学习和实践，开发者可以创建出强大、灵活且适应性强的服务器端解决方案。

Following are some common scenarios that illustrate the need for server-side

applications:

1. Execute some logic available with a different application. This is one of the

reasons that prompted development of early distributed technologies, such as the

RPC.17 Consider that you are developing an application implementing certain new

business-use cases. Suppose that there is some business logic already implemented

in a different application. In cases where such functionality is available as

separate/isolated class or function libraries, you might consider reusing the same

code in the new application. But, what if such logic (and code) depends heavily on

some data being managed by the existing application? In such a case, the

class/function library cannot be reused as these class/function libraries may fail to

execute without the availability of such data. Alternatively, what if such code is

dependent on several other parts of the existing application, making it difficult to

reuse the code in the new application? One possible solution to deal with this is by

executing this logic in the existing application; that is, instead of reusing the code

from the existing application, the new application can send a request (with any

required data) to the existing application to execute this logic and obtain any

results.

2. Access information/data maintained by another application. This is yet another

scenario that mandates server-side applications and clients. Database servers and

other applications maintain information in a persistent storage fall under this

category; however, database servers, such as relational database management

systems, typically manage raw data (rows of data in various tables). Such data

may or may not be directly usable (in the business sense) by other applications that

rely on the data. For instance, consider a database holding various accounts of all

customers in a bank. A common requirement in such systems is to consolidate all

the accounts of a given customer and present a summarized view of all accounts.

Depending on that customer’s account types, the process of generating the

summarized view may involve performing some complex calculations including

evaluating some business rules.

Now consider several applications within the bank performing other banking

tasks some of which require a summarized view of all accounts of a customer. For

instance, an application responsible for calculating monthly account charges may

require the value of the consolidated account balance. When there are several such

applications that require this data, it is appropriate to let one of the applications

handle this calculation for all other applications.

3. Integrate applications. In any given enterprise, it is not uncommon to find several

applications developed over years that are used for executing different business

tasks. You may even find that such stand-alone applications are maintained by

different departments of enterprises and developed using different programming

languages and technologies. To some extent, such applications were a result of the

drive to decentralize businesses from mainframe-based applications. However, as

we discussed earlier, one of the requirements encountered by almost all enterprises

today is the ability to internetwork such applications so that business workflows

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