3-3-1模型中的逆向II型跷跷板机制及其在LHC的信号研究

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本文主要探讨的是在3-3-1模型中实现II型逆向跷跷板机制，这是一个在粒子物理学领域的重要课题。3-3-1模型是一种扩展的标准模型，它通过引入额外的费米子和玻色子来解决某些理论问题，如标准模型的电荷统一和希格斯机制的挑战。在这个模型中，作者考虑了在高能物理环境下，如大型强子对撞机（LHC）所进行的实验，特别是对于那些可能存在的小型中微子质量的探索。 II型逆向跷跷板机制是规范模型的一种版本，它涉及到在不同能量层次上轻子数的非守恒，即在高能情况下违反轻子数，而在低能情况下恢复。这种机制与传统的正向跷跷板机制相对，提供了新的途径来解释中微子质量的起源。研究团队利用3-3-1模型的框架，特别关注如何通过右旋中微子来实现这种机制，使得标准中微子和右手中微子获得较小的质量。模型的关键特征在于引入的双六边形双电荷标量，这是3-3-1对称性的自然产物，它在LHC上的信号可以通过特定的过程σ(pp→Z⁎, γ⁎, Z'→Δ++ Δ−−)来探测。作者详细分析了这些标量粒子的产生和衰变，尤其是通过四个轻子的最终状态，以期在LHC实验中观察到这些机制的迹象。该研究论文发表在《物理学 Letters B》杂志上，于2019年7月接受，8月7日在线发布。这表明了研究团队与国际同行的交流和合作，以及他们对于利用现代粒子加速器实验验证理论预测的承诺。此外，这篇论文的开放获取性质意味着研究结果可以为更广泛的物理学家所利用，推动了理论与实验之间的深入交叉验证。总结来说，本文的核心内容是将II型逆向跷跷板机制与3-3-1模型相结合，探索新的中微子质量生成机制，以及通过LHC实验验证其存在性。这项工作不仅对理论模型的构建有所贡献，也为未来的实验设计和数据分析提供了有价值的指导。

Physics Letters B 797 (2019) 134827

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

Physics Letters B

www.elsevier.com/locate/physletb

Implementing the inverse type-II seesaw mechanism into the 3-3-1

model

Carlos Antônio de Sousa Pires

a,∗

, Felipe Ferreira de Freitas

, Jing Shu

b,c,d,e

, Li Huang

b,c,f

Pablo Wagner Vasconcelos Olegário

Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Caixa Postal 5008, 58051-970, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil

CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics, Beijing 100049, China

Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Laboratory for Elementary Particle Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

Article history:

Received

28 May 2019

Received

in revised form 10 July 2019

Accepted

29 July 2019

Available

online 7 August 2019

Editor:

A. Ringwald

After the LHC is turning on and accumulating more data low scale seesaw mechanisms for small neutrino

masses with signature manifesting at TeV scale are gaining more and more attention once they provide

neutrino masses at sub-eV scale and can be probed at the LHC. In this regard inverse seesaw mechanism

arises as an interesting candidate for performing such proposal. This mechanism is a kind of counterpart

of canonical mechanism which requires lepton number be violated explicitly at high energy scale while

the inverse one requires the contrary, that lepton number be violated explicitly at low energy scale.

There are three ways of performing canonical seesaw mechanism. For each one of it there is its inverse

counterpart. Here we restrict our investigation to the study of the inverse type II seesaw mechanism.

Our main goal is to implement the mechanism into the 3-3-1 model with right-handed neutrinos,

but ﬁrst we revisit the main ideas and consequences of the inverse type I and II seesaw mechanisms

when incorporated into the standard model. In regard to the 3-3-1 model, as interesting result, we

show that the mechanism may provide small masses to both the standard neutrinos as well as to

the right-handed ones. As phenomenological aspect, its best signature are the doubly charged scalars

which are sextet by the 3-3-1 symmetry. We investigate their production at the LHC through the process

σ (p p → Z

∗

, γ

∗

, Z



→ 



−−

) and their signal through four leptons ﬁnal state decay channel.

(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP

1. Introduction

The end of second phase of the LHC and the future plans for

the high luminosity LHC brings new encouraging perspectives for

the theoretical physics community. These new perspectives usher

the development of a plethora of models beyond Standard Model

(BSM), each one with its particular signature and phenomenolog-

ical

implication. An important class of BSM models are those that

incorporate seesaw mechanisms for small neutrino masses whose

signature may be probed at current and future energies at the LHC.

In this regard, inverse seesaw mechanisms are an interesting pro-

posal

of new physics since they are capable of generating neutrino

masses at sub-eV scale and provide a signature at TeV scale.

Corresponding author.

E-mail

address: cpires@ﬁsica.ufpb.br (C.A. de Sousa Pires).

The main supposition behind inverse seesaw mechanisms is

that lepton number be explicitly violated at low energy scale. They

can be implemented into the standard model in three different

ways. The most well known version consists in adding new neu-

trinos

in the singlet form to the particle content of the standard

model [1]. It is also possible to perform such mechanism with

triplet of scalars [2–5]or with triplet of fermions [6][7][8]. All

these three cases are realization of seesaw mechanisms at low en-

ergy

scale. However, as an analogy to the usual inverse seesaw

mechanism we extend the term inverse to the other two cases. In

this way, from now on we refer to the low energy type II seesaw

mechanism as inverse type II seesaw mechanism.

this work we revisit the main aspects of the inverse type I

and type II seesaw mechanisms and then embed the latter into the

structure of the 3-3-1 model with right-handed neutrinos [9–11]

and

explore their phenomenological consequences. As main as-

pects,

when implemented into the 3-3-1 model, the mechanism

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.134827

0370-2693/

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