.NET代码生成实践与Visual Studio插件开发

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"Pratical Code Generation in .NET 是一本关于在.NET框架下进行实用代码生成的教程，涵盖了Visual Studio 2005、2008和2010版本。作者Peter Vogel深入探讨了如何利用Visual Studio插件进行代码自动化生成。这本书以清晰的PDF格式提供，旨在帮助开发者提高效率，减少重复工作。在.NET开发中，代码生成是一种重要的技术，它允许开发者通过模板或特定工具自动生成代码，从而简化复杂的工作流程，减少错误，并加速开发进程。本书的重点是介绍如何利用Visual Studio的扩展功能来实现这一目标。Visual Studio作为微软的主要集成开发环境（IDE），提供了丰富的API和插件系统，使得开发者能够创建自定义工具和功能，其中包括代码生成工具。书中可能涵盖了以下关键知识点： 1. **Visual Studio插件开发**：了解如何利用Visual Studio的扩展性，如Visual Studio SDK（软件开发工具包）来构建插件，实现代码生成功能。 2. **代码生成的概念**：理解代码生成的基本原理，包括静态代码生成（在编译时）和动态代码生成（在运行时）。 3. **T4文本模板**：T4是Visual Studio内置的一种文本转换工具，用于生成源代码或其他文本文件，书可能会详细介绍如何编写和使用T4模板。 4. **Roslyn API**：如果涉及Visual Studio 2010及更高版本，可能还会讨论Roslyn——微软的.NET编译器平台，它为代码分析和生成提供了强大的API。 5. **代码生成最佳实践**：如何设计和实现高效的代码生成策略，避免潜在的问题和陷阱。 6. **案例研究**：通过实际项目或示例，展示如何在不同的应用场景中使用代码生成，如数据库访问层、UI生成、业务逻辑代码等。 7. **调试和测试**：如何测试生成的代码，以及在出现问题时如何调试插件和生成的代码。对于想要提升开发效率，或者需要大量自定义代码的企业和开发者来说，本书提供了宝贵的指导。同时，书中提到的优惠信息可能适用于批量购买或特别销售，这为团队学习或企业内部培训提供了便利。 "Pratical Code Generation in .NET"是一本针对.NET开发者的实战指南，它将帮助读者掌握代码生成技术，利用Visual Studio的强大功能，提升开发工作的质量和速度。无论是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，都能从中受益。"

Foreword xv

As our abstractions get closer to our problem space, as opposed to being

merely reﬁnements in the solution space, we’re inevitably going to use more

granular, more fragmented tools that are specialized for the task at hand.

Alongside a gradual easing of the difﬁculty of building such tools, we have

the ingredients for a productivity explosion, driven by the creation of small

tools to help with the distinct tasks in our day-to-day jobs. Unix command-

line developers have known this truth since the 1980s with their chaining of

small scripts; now it’s becoming a reality for the IDE generation.

Whether your design-time metadata is a simple list of settings and

their default values in Visual Studio, or the set of tables and stored proce-

dures to be accessed in your relational database, there’s ample opportuni-

ty for using that data to generate reliable code that conforms to proven pat-

terns. Look for metadata that’s already present in your application design,

and surface it to drive tools. Look for repetitive patterns in your code and

determine which pieces are ﬁxed and where the variability is. Make creat-

ing tools and increasing task repeatability part of your normal approach to

problem solving to ease your working life.

Once these skills are within your everyday comfort zone, your produc-

tivity will get a boost and your value to your team will increase. Spreading

the use of such tools to make your peers more productive is an important

step in the transition of our industry from one dominated by software arti-

sans to one driven by engineering practices that provide predictable results

at scale.

I encourage you to add the techniques outlined in this book to your

toolset and to use them to develop your own workbench of generative

tools. In doing so, I’m conﬁdent you’ll improve your capabilities, and what’s

more, have fun doing so.

—Gareth Jones,

Developer Architect, Visual Studio

Issaquah, WA

March 2010

xvi

REFACE

Whenever you’re looking at buying a book, it seems to me there’s only one

question that should be asked: “Why should I invest my hard-earned

money in this book?”

This book is designed to make you, as a software developer, more pro-

ductive. It does that by giving you all the tools you need to incorporate

code generation into your standard development practices. Why would you

buy this book? Because letting Visual Studio and .NET write the boring

code lets you work on the important stuff.

All the code-generation tools you need are already available to you

because you’re already using code generation. As soon as you start working

in .NET and any version of Visual Studio, an enormous amount of code is

being created for you. For instance, if you’ve ever created a DataSet then

you’ve been using a Visual Studio custom tool that generates the code class

ﬁle for your DataSet—and that’s just some of the code that’s easy to see.

There’s a great deal more generated code hidden away where you can’t ﬁnd

it. In addition to making you more productive, those code-generation tools

have taken over creating some of the repetitious and error-prone parts of

building applications, thereby also increasing the quality of your code. The

next step is for you to start using those tools to create solutions that you—

rather than the .NET team—want solved.

But the problem is that there is no single point of reference for this

material. Code generation requires several tools, and there is no one place

where all those tools are discussed. And, even when you ﬁnd resources for

those tools, a comprehensive reference that shows you how to apply them

is missing. So part of the answer to the question “Should I buy this book?”

is that the book provides “one-stop shopping” for all the tools you need to

implement code generation. I’ve put all the tools in one book and covered

all the parts of each tool that are relevant to code generation.

I’ve been building Visual Studio add-ins that created code for me since

.NET 1.1. As I worked with various clients, I found that they were also

adopting code-generation solutions—and I got to help them do it. So, in this

Preface xvii

book, I wanted to show how those tools could be used in a practical way—

and how they would work together. As a result, almost a third of this book

is taken up with three case studies that show how to coordinate these tools

to create useful, reliable code-generation solutions for common problems.

To put it another way: I wrote this book because I believe that the

code-generation tools built into .NET and Visual Studio 2005/2008/2010

will make you a better, more productive developer. And I believe that more

developers would develop more code-generation solutions if the tools were

more accessible to them.

And, of course, I wrote this book because it’s cool technology. Several

years ago, I stumbled across a great quote from Dick Sites (one of the

designers of Digital Equipment Corporation’s Alpha architecture): “I’d

rather write programs that help me write programs than write programs.”

That seemed right.

One caveat: If you’re looking for a book that shows you how to create

enormous frameworks that will generate thousands of lines of code from a

single XML document that describes an application—this is not that book.

Certainly, all the tools you’ll need are in here, but that’s not my focus. I

don’t want to describe how to spend three years building your very own

“application generator.” Instead, I want to give you the tools that will let

you solve a problem in your life and do it in a morning—a solution that

you’ll never have to think about again because it will just work.

The ﬁrst case study in this book (in Chapter 9) is a good example: This

solution generates a class that simpliﬁes access to the connection strings

speciﬁed in the

connectionStrings element. It took me about a morning to

write, it works in every application, it reduces the amount of code I write,

and it eliminates errors in my applications. The second case study (Chapter

10) is similarly focused: It generates the code for an ASP.NET validator

that checks that data entered by the user is a valid entry in a table. Like my

connection string generator, this is something I use in almost every

ASP.NET application I write. The ﬁnal case study (Chapter 11) took a full

day to write, but it allows nonprogrammers to use a visual designer to gen-

erate the code necessary to integrate their software into one of my appli-

cations—and to do it reliably and without requiring my intervention.

Here’s a breakdown of the topics covered in this book:

■ Chapter 1, “Introducing Code Generation,” is the “theory and prac-

tice” chapter. It discusses the structure of code-generation solutions

and covers best practices in architecting solutions.

■ Chapter 2, “Integrating with Visual Studio,” gives you enough infor-

mation about creating Visual Studio add-ins for you to integrate

code generation into your standard activities. The connection string

generator, for instance, generates code whenever the developer

closes the web.conﬁg ﬁle; the validator example generates code

whenever the developer closes an .aspx ﬁle containing a speciﬁc tag.

■ Chapter 3, “Manipulating Project Components,” covers the objects

and methods that you need to add (or remove) components to a

project: code ﬁles, folders, and so on.

■ Chapter 4, “Modifying Code in the Editor,” gives you the tools you

need to insert text into ﬁles. This allows you to generate code using

any tool you want (even standard string-handling functions) and

then insert that code into a ﬁle in your project.

■ Chapter 5, “Supporting Project-Speciﬁc Features,” provides sup-

port for working with speciﬁc types of projects: C#, Visual Basic, and

ASP.NET websites. Each of these project types have special fea-

tures that aren’t available through the objects covered in Chapter 4.

■ Chapter 6, “Generating Language-Neutral Code,” contains full cov-

erage of the CodeDom, which allows you to generate code without

having to commit to producing Visual Basic or C# until it’s time to

insert text into ﬁles.

■ Chapter 7, “Generating Code from Templates with T4,” covers a

new technology in .NET: Text Template Transformation Toolkit

(T4), which uses a template-based approach to code generation that

reduces the amount of code required in a solution.

■ Chapter 8, “Other Tools: Templates, Attributes, and Custom Tools,”

has three technologies you can use in creating code-generation solu-

tions: Visual Studio templates, attributes, and custom tools. Visual

Studio templates reduce the code that must be generated from your

code; attributes provide a way for developers to insert information

into a ﬁle to specify the code to be generated; custom tools are

standalone programs that, when associated with a ﬁle, read the ﬁle’s

contents and create a ﬁle of generated code.

■ Chapter 9, “Case Study: Generating a Connection String Manager,”

Chapter 10, “Case Study: Generating Validation Code,” and

Chapter 11, “Case Study: Generating Data-Conversion Code,” are

the three case studies included in this book.

xviii Preface

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