SAP Web Dynpro for ABAP 教程精华

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"SAP Web Dynpro for ABAP 标准教程" SAP Web Dynpro for ABAP 是一种强大的开发框架，专门用于构建企业级的、交互式的Web应用程序。本教程全面深入地介绍了如何使用Web Dynpro ABAP进行开发，帮助开发者理解和掌握其核心概念和功能。 1. **介绍** 开篇介绍了Web应用开发的历史背景，从大型机和客户端-服务器系统到Business Server Pages（BSP），最后引出Web Dynpro框架。Web Dynpro ABAP是SAP为未来的Web应用提供的一种解决方案，旨在提高开发效率和用户体验。 2. **WD4A框架** - **Web Dynpro Explorer**：提供了用于浏览和管理Web Dynpro组件的工具，是开发者日常工作的起点。 - **视图元素(ViewElements)**：构成应用程序界面的基本单元，可以是按钮、文本字段等。 - **视图设计器(ViewDesigner)**：用于创建和配置视图的工具，允许开发者定义布局和交互行为。 - **"Hello World"示例**：初学者通常通过这个简单的例子开始学习。 3. **开发WD4A应用程序** 这一部分详细阐述了创建Web Dynpro应用的步骤，包括组件间的关联、可视化部分、视图控制器和视图上下文。 4. **多组件应用程序** 多组件应用程序的开发涉及组件之间的通信和协作，使得大型复杂系统可以被分解为可管理的部分。 5. **动态组件应用程序** 动态组件的应用允许在运行时根据需要加载和卸载组件，增强了应用的灵活性和适应性。 6. **重用WD4A组件** 重用机制是提高代码复用性和效率的关键，允许开发者创建可重复使用的UI组件，减少重复工作。 7. **集成WD4A应用程序** 教程涵盖了将Web Dynpro应用程序与其他SAP系统或非SAP系统的集成技术，包括数据交换、接口设计和业务流程集成。 8. **附录** 提供了关于使用的主要类和接口的参考，以及相关的文献资料，便于开发者深入研究。此教程对于希望精通Web Dynpro ABAP的开发者来说是一份宝贵的资源，它不仅涵盖了从基础到高级的各个层面，还提供了丰富的实例和最佳实践，有助于提升开发者构建高效、用户友好的Web应用程序的能力。

Introduction

WD4A framework reached the responsible departments very quickly. It is

assumed that the WD4A framework will be continuously developed and

extended by new functionalities. Therefore, this book should encourage you

to discover these new features, to test them, and, ultimately, to integrate the

growing library of view elements in your applications.

If you already gained some experience in developing web applications based

on Java Server Pages (JSP), Business Server Pages (BSP), or other technolo-

gies, you might be surprised at the restrictive handling of the WD4A frame-

work when it comes to the manual integration of JavaScript. This restriction

was introduced in order to enable the WD4A applications to support emerg-

ing client technologies that don't use JavaScript for client-side flow control.

Prerequisites

Because the WD4A framework was developed completely in ABAP Objects,

you will encounter object-oriented concepts throughout the implementa-

tion. Therefore, a sound knowledge of object-oriented ABAP programming

is integral for understanding the topics discussed in this book; we cannot go

into detail regarding the concepts of object-oriented programming and its

implementation in ABAP Objects.

You should be familiar with handling classes and interfaces in ABAP Objects

and with the most common ABAP language items. WD4A applications inte-

grate a number of technologies like HTTP, HTML, CSS, XML, and client-side

scripting. These are not specific to the WD4A framework, but are the foun-

dation for every other web application. The objective of the WD4A frame-

work development is to encapsulate the complex and specific details and

connections of these technologies so that they will eventually become trans-

parent to you and you can then completely focus on implementing the pro-

gram logic.

To reproduce the examples given in this book, you can download a test ver-

sion of SAP NetWeaver Application Server ABAP from the SAP Developer

Network (http://sdn.sap.com) that can be installed locally on your PC. In the

Downloads • SAP Evaluation Software • Web AS area, navigate to the Sneak

Preview SAP NetWeaver 04s—Full ABAP Edition with Web Dynpro for

1 Whenever it makes sense, publications and sources that provide additional useful informa-

tion for specific areas will be referenced. SAP PRESS, in particular, offers a wide range of

literature in this respect (http://www.sap-press.com). Additional references are listed in the

bibliography (see Appendix B).

078.book Seite 14 Mittwoch, 5. Juli 2006 10:21 10

Introduction

ABAP package. For detailed information about the installation process and

system requirements, go to the

Installation Guide file.

To better understand the WD4A framework, you should be at least some-

what familiar with the following topics:

왘 Communication processes in HTTP or HTTP request/response cycles

왘 Particularities of programming within distributed development environ-

ments

왘 Differences between client-side and server-side scripting

왘 Purpose and use of design patterns in programming

The parameters to be used for designing layouts are based on Cascading Style

Sheets (CSS) standards. It is therefore helpful to have a certain overview of

CSS language items and units.

Structure

For most developers, the actual implementation is the quickest way to

become familiar with a new technology. The structure of this book is there-

fore based on using simple examples and scenarios in the introductory sec-

tions to illustrate the concepts. By our first presenting the architecture of the

WD4A framework, you'll be introduced to the most important steps of com-

ponent and application development. ABAP Objects constructs belong to the

essential part of a WD4A application so that another focus should also be on

the presentation and discussion of program fragments that can be used to

solve problems.

왘 Chapter 1 deals with some particularities regarding the design and the

development of web-based applications. Based on the functionalities of

the BSP technology and its predecessors, you will get to know the charac-

teristics and advantages of the WD4A framework. The present status and

the concepts behind it will be closely examined. When developing WD4A

applications, the component is the most important part; WD4A applica-

tions can be composed of one or more components. The component-

based software development therefore facilitates reuse and reduces devel-

opment costs.

왘 Chapter 2 introduces you to the WD4A development environment, the

Web Dynpro Explorer that is integrated in the Object Navigator. First, you

learn about the immediately visible parts, such as the component control-

ler, view, window and application. Then, when you have the knowledge

078.book Seite 15 Mittwoch, 5. Juli 2006 10:21 10

Introduction

necessary to create your first simple components, you learn how to design

a simple, structured view, and embed it in a window.

Using three differently structured “Hello World“ applications, you get

your first insight into using the context, the data binding, the view ele-

ment properties, and the implementation of supply function methods, fol-

lowed by the other parts of the framework. These include the functions of

the inbound and outbound plugs, the functions of the actions and their

event handler methods, the parts of the context and of the framework

controller methods. The framework controller methods are called at dif-

ferent times in the phase model of the WD4A framework and form a kind

of user exit of the framework that enables you to influence the program-

matic process.

왘 Chapter 3 builds on your newly acquired abilities and knowledge in order

to help you develop more complex components based on the available

view elements. By implementing scenarios that might be familiar to you

from web applications based on other technologies (e.g., periodic polling

of the web browser, automatic forwarding, etc.), additional relationships

are shown that exist within the WD4A framework among component,

window, and view elements.

Whereas the components created and described so far used only simple

view elements like the

TextView view element, this chapter introduces

important view elements contained in the view element library of the

WD4A framework and describes their function. Dropdown lists and radio

buttons are different with regard to their usage, but they are based on the

same concepts with regard to their implementation and handling in the

WD4A framework. They are discussed using example applications. Addi-

tionally, you learn how to output messages about the user via the message

manager. The most complex and most commonly used view element

when visualizing business data is the

Table element. For this element,

we'll show you display formats and properties and discuss the handling of

cell variants. This chapter also provides procedures for implementing pop-

ups and using the

RoadMap and Tree elements. It concludes with a list of

the input help concepts implemented in the WD4A framework.

왘 Chapter 4 deals with the concepts required for developing multi-compo-

nent applications. Examples whose structure is based on the Model View

Controller concept are developed. The layout is defined separately from

the business logic, and the data provision for the view can be imple-

mented in methods of the view controller. The view controller therefore

also controls the view. Based on this concept, even more complex applica-

078.book Seite 16 Mittwoch, 5. Juli 2006 10:21 10

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