GDB调试指南：Linux平台必备的源码级调试工具

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4 Debugging with gdb

Hikichi and Tomoyuki Hasei contributed Sony/News OS 3 support. David Johnson con-

tributed Encore Umax support. Jyrki Kuoppala contributed Altos 3068 support. Jeﬀ

Law contributed HP PA and SOM support. Keith Packard contributed NS32K support.

Doug Rabson contributed Acorn Risc Machine support. Bob Rusk contributed Harris

Nighthawk CX-UX support. Chris Smith contributed Convex support (and Fortran de-

bugging). Jonathan Stone contributed Pyramid support. Michael Tiemann contributed

SPARC support. Tim Tucker contributed support for the Gould NP1 and Gould Powern-

ode. Pace Willison contributed Intel 386 support. Jay Vosburgh contributed Symmetry

support. Marko Mlinar contributed OpenRISC 1000 support.

Andreas Schwab contributed M68K gnu/Linux support.

Rich Schaefer and Peter Schauer helped with support of SunOS shared libraries.

Jay Fenlason and Roland McGrath ensured that gdb and GAS agree about several

machine instruction sets.

Patrick Duval, Ted Goldstein, Vikram Koka and Glenn Engel helped develop remote

debugging. Intel Corporation, Wind River Systems, AMD, and ARM contributed remote

debugging modules for the i960, VxWorks, A29K UDI, and RDI targets, respectively.

Brian Fox is the author of the readline libraries providing command-line editing and

command history.

Andrew Beers of SUNY Buﬀalo wrote the language-switching code, the Modula-2 sup-

port, and contributed the Languages chapter of this manual.

Fred Fish wrote most of the support for Unix System Vr4. He also enhanced the

command-completion support to cover C++ overloaded symbols.

Hitachi America, Ltd. s ponsored the support for H8/300, H8/500, and Super-H proces-

sors.

NEC sponsored the support for the v850, Vr4xxx, and Vr5xxx processors.

Mitsubishi sponsored the support for D10V, D30V, and M32R/D processors.

Toshiba sponsored the support for the TX39 Mips processor.

Matsushita sponsored the support for the MN10200 and MN10300 processors.

Fujitsu sponsored the support for SPARClite and FR30 processors.

Kung Hs u, Jeﬀ Law, and Rick Sladkey added support for hardware watchpoints.

Michael Snyder added support for tracepoints.

Stu Gross man wrote gdbserver.

Jim Kingdon, Peter Schauer, Ian Taylor, and Stu Grossman made nearly innumerable

bug ﬁxes and c leanups throughout gdb.

The following people at the Hewlett-Packard Company contributed supp ort for the PA-

RISC 2.0 architecture, HP-UX 10.20, 10.30, and 11.0 (narrow mode), HP’s implementation

of kernel threads, HP’s aC++ compiler, and the terminal user interface: Be n Krepp, Richard

Title, John Bishop, Susan Macchia, Kathy Mann, Satish Pai, India Paul, Steve Rehrauer,

and Elena Zannoni. Kim Haase provided HP-speciﬁc information in this manual.

DJ Delorie ported gdb to MS-DOS, for the DJGPP project. Robert Ho ehne made

signiﬁcant contributions to the DJGPP port.

Cygnus Solutions has sponsored gdb maintenance and much of its development since

1991. Cygnus engineers who have worked on gdb fulltime include Mark Alexander, Jim

Chapter 1: A Sample gdb Session 7

1 A Sample gdb Session

You can use this manual at your leisure to read all about gdb. Howe ver, a handful

of commands are enough to get started using the debugger. This chapter illustrates those

commands.

In this sample session, we emphasize user input like this: input, to make it easier to pick

out from the surrounding output.

One of the preliminary versions of gnu m4 (a generic macro processor) exhibits the

following bug: sometimes, when we change its quote strings from the default, the commands

used to capture one macro deﬁnition within another stop working. In the following short m4

session, we deﬁne a macro foo which expands to 0000; we then use the m4 built-in defn to

deﬁne bar as the same thing. However, when we change the open quote string to <QUOTE>

and the close quote string to <UNQUOTE>, the same procedure fails to deﬁne a new synonym

baz:

$ cd gnu/m4

$ ./m4

deﬁne(foo,0000)

foo

0000

deﬁne(bar,defn(‘foo’))

bar

0000

changequote(<QUOTE>,<UNQUOTE>)

deﬁne(baz,defn(<QUOTE>foo<UNQUOTE>))

baz

C-d

m4: End of input: 0: fatal error: EOF in string

Let us use gdb to try to see what is going on.

$ gdb m4

gdb is free software and you are welcome to distribute copies

of it under certain conditions; type "show copying" to see

the conditions.

There is absolutely no warranty for gdb; type "show warranty"

for details.

(gdb)

gdb reads only enough symbol data to know where to ﬁnd the rest when needed; as a result,

the ﬁrst prompt comes up very quickly. We now tell gdb to use a narrower display width

than usual, so that examples ﬁt in this manual.

(gdb) set width 70

We need to see how the m4 built-in changequote works. Having looked at the source, we

know the relevant subroutine is m4_changequote, so we set a breakpoint there with the

gdb break command.

(gdb) break m4 changequote

Breakpoint 1 at 0x62f4: file builtin.c, line 879.

Using the run command, we start m4 running under gdb control; as long as c ontrol does

not reach the m4_changequote subroutine, the program runs as usual:

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GDB调试指南：Linux平台必备的源码级调试工具

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