智能输电网络：构想与框架

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"本文探讨了智能电网中的智能传输网络愿景和框架，强调了现代电力系统对智能化的需求，以实现经济、可靠和可持续的电力供应。文章由Fangxing Li等多位IEEE会员撰写，发表在2010年9月的IEEETRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID期刊上。主要关注点在于填补关于智能电网中传输网格的全面理解空白，提出了智能传输电网的独特构想，并定义了其主要特征。" 智能电网是电力系统未来发展的关键方向，它利用先进的信息、通信和自动化技术，实现了电力生产、传输和消费的高效管理。智能电网不仅关注配电网和需求侧管理，还着重于构建一个全面的、互动的传输系统。该论文提出的智能传输电网构想包括三个核心智能组件： 1. **智能控制中心(Smart Control Centers)**：这些中心是电网的“大脑”，负责收集、处理和分析来自整个电网的大量实时数据。通过高级分析和预测算法，智能控制中心能预测和应对电力供需变化，优化电力调度，确保电网稳定运行，并快速响应故障。 2. **智能传输网络(Smart Transmission Networks)**：智能传输网络利用先进的传感器、保护设备和自愈技术，提高网络的可靠性和安全性。这些技术能够实时监测线路状态，预防故障发生，同时在故障发生时快速隔离问题区域，减少停电影响。 3. **智能能源管理(Interactive Energy Management)**：在智能传输电网中，能源管理不仅仅是控制电力流，还包括与可再生能源的集成、储能系统的协调以及市场交易的优化。这使得电网能够更好地接纳分布式能源资源，如风能和太阳能，同时降低对传统化石燃料的依赖。此外，智能电网的框架还包括了对网络安全的重视，因为电力系统的数字化带来了新的安全挑战。确保数据安全和系统免受攻击是智能电网设计的重要组成部分。智能电网的实施还需要政策、法规和标准的支持，以促进技术创新、投资激励和跨行业的合作。这将涉及到电力市场改革、消费者参与策略以及对新技术的监管框架。智能传输电网的愿景是创建一个高度集成、灵活且自适应的电力系统，它能够满足不断增长的能源需求，支持可再生能源的广泛接入，同时提供高质量、可靠的电力服务，以应对21世纪的能源挑战。

168 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID, VOL. 1, NO. 2, SEPTEMBER 2010

Smart Transmission Grid: Vision and Framework

Fangxing Li, Senior Member, IEEE, Wei Qiao, Member, IEEE, Hongbin Sun, Member, IEEE,

Hui Wan, Member, IEEE, Jianhui Wang, Member, IEEE, Yan Xia, Member, IEEE, Zhao Xu, Member, IEEE, and

Pei Zhang, Senior Member, IEEE

Abstract—A modern power grid needs to become smarter in

order to provide an affordable, reliable, and sustainable supply

of electricity. For these reasons, considerable activity has been

carried out in the United States and Europe to formulate and

promote a vision for the development of future smart power grids.

However, the majority of these activities emphasized only the

distribution grid and demand side leaving the big picture of the

transmission grid in the context of smart grids unclear. This paper

presents a unique vision for the future of smart transmission grids

in which their major features are identiﬁed. In this vision, each

smart transmission grid is regarded as an integrated system that

functionally consists of three interactive, smart components, i.e.,

smart control centers, smart transmission networks, and smart

substations. The features and functions of each of the three func-

tional components, as well as the enabling technologies to achieve

these features and functions, are discussed in detail in the paper.

Index Terms—Smart control center, smart substation, smart

transmission network, smart transmission system.

I. INTRODUCTION

HE ELECTRIC power transmission grid has been pro-

gressively developed for over a century [1], from the ini-

tial design of local dc networks in low-voltage levels to three-

phase high voltage ac networks, and ﬁnally to modern bulk in-

terconnected networks with various voltage levels and multiple

complex electrical components. The development of human so-

ciety and economic needs was the catalyst that drove the revo-

lution of transmission grids stage-by-stage with the aid of inno-

vative technologies. As the backbone used to deliver electricity

from points of generation to the consumers, the transmission

Manuscript received January 17, 2010; revised May 24, 2010; accepted June

07, 2010. Date of publication August 03, 2010; date of current version August

20, 2010. The work of F. Li was supported in part by the National Science Foun-

dation (NSF) under Grant CNS-0831466. Paper no. TSG-00007–2010.

F. Li is with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,

University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA (e-mail: ﬂi6@utk.edu).

W. Qiao is with the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Ne-

braska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0511 USA (e-mail: wqiao@engr.unl.edu).

H. Sun is with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University,

Beijing 100084, China (e-mail: shb@tsinghua.edu.cn).

H. Wan is with the Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical

Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6109 USA

(e-mail: hui.wan@mail.wvu.edu).

J. Wang is with the Decision and Information Sciences Division, Argonne

National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA (e-mail: jianhui.wang@anl.gov).

Y. Xia is with the British Columbia Transmission Corporation, Vancouver,

BC V7X 1M8, Canada (e-mail: yan.xia@bctc.com).

Z. Xu is with Department of Eletrical Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic

University, Hong Kong, China (e-mail: eezhaoxu@polyu.edu.hk).

P. Zhang is with the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Palo Alto, CA

94304-1338 USA (e-mail: pzhang@epri.com).

Color versions of one or more of the ﬁgures in this paper are available online

at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.

Digital Object Identiﬁer 10.1109/TSG.2010.2053726

grid revolution needs to recognize and deal with more diversi-

ﬁed challenges than ever before. It should be noted that in this

paper the word “grid” refers not only to the physical network

but also to the controls and devices supporting the function of

the physical network, such that this work is aligned with the on-

going smart grid initiative.

In this paper, we summarize the challenges and needs for fu-

ture smart transmission grids into four aspects.

Environmental challenges. Traditional electric power pro-

duction, as the largest man-created

emission source,

must be changed to mitigate the climate change [2]. Also,

a shortage of fossil energy resources has been foreseen in

the next few decades. Natural catastrophes, such as hur-

ricanes, earthquakes, and tornados can destroy the trans-

mission grids easily. Finally, the available and suitable

space for the future expansion of transmission grids has

decreased dramatically.

b) Market/customer needs. Full-ﬂedged system opera-

tion technologies and power market policies need to

be developed to sustain the transparency and liberty

of the competitive market. Customer satisfaction with

electricity consumption should be improved by pro-

viding high quality/price ratio electricity and customers’

freedom to interact with the grid.

c) Infrastructure challenges. The existing infrastructure for

electricity transmission has quickly aging components

and insufﬁcient investments for improvements. With the

pressure of the increasing load demands, the network

congestion is becoming worse. The fast online analysis

tools, wide-area monitoring, measurement and control,

and fast and accurate protections are needed to improve

the reliability of the networks.

d) Innovative technologies. On one hand, the innovative

technologies, including new materials, advanced power

electronics, and communication technologies, are not yet

mature or commercially available for the revolution of

transmission grids; on the other hand, the existing grids

lack enough compatibility to accommodate the imple-

mentation of spear-point technologies in the practical

networks.

Whereas the innovation of the transmission grid was driven

by technology in the past, the current power industry is being

modernized and tends to deal with the challenges more proac-

tively by using state-of-the-art technological advances in the

areas of sensing, communications, control, computing, and in-

formation technology [3]–[7]. The shift in the development of

transmission grids to be more intelligent has been summarized

as “smart grid,” as well as several other terminologies such as

IntelliGrid, GridWise, FutureGrid, etc.

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