p(x)-Kirchhoff型方程的解:存在性和多解性分析

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"p(x)型基尔霍夫方程的解的存在性研究" 本文主要探讨的是关于一类特殊的非线性偏微分方程——p(x)型基尔霍夫方程(p(x)-Kirchhoff-type equation)在Dirichlet边界条件下的解的存在性和多样性。该方程具有变指数的特性,因此比传统的p-Laplacian方程更加复杂。作者郝瑞芳来自兰州大学数学系,她利用变分方法和变指数Sobolev空间的理论,对这个问题进行了深入研究。 p(x)型基尔霍夫方程是形式为 \[ \frac{1}{2} - M\left(\int_{\Omega} \frac{1}{p(x)} |\nabla u|^{p(x)} dx \right) \text{div}\left(|\nabla u|^{p(x) - 2}\nabla u\right) = f(x,u), \quad \text{在} \Omega \] \[ u = 0, \quad \text{在} \partial \Omega \] 其中,$\Omega$是$R^N$中的一个光滑有界区域,$p(x)$是$\Omega$上的连续函数,满足$1<p_-\leq p(x)\leq p_+<N$,$M(t)$是连续函数,$f(x,u)$满足Carathéodory条件。方程中的$-\text{div}(|\nabla u|^{p(x) - 2}\nabla u)$被称为p(x)-拉普拉斯算子,当$p(x) \equiv p$为常数时,它退化为传统的p-Laplacian算子。p(x)-Laplacian算子的非线性部分比p-Laplacian更复杂,因为它具有不均匀性。 作者采用变分法作为主要工具,这种方法通常涉及寻找能量泛函的临界点,这些临界点对应于方程的解。在变指数Sobolev空间的理论框架下,这些空间适应了函数指数在区域内变化的情况,为处理p(x)型方程提供了合适的环境。 在文章中,郝瑞芳建立了确保问题(1.1)存在且有多解的条件。这涉及到对$f(x,u)$的性质进行分析,以及对$M(t)$函数的适当选择。通过细致的数学分析,她展示了如何在这些条件下找到满足边界条件的非平凡解,并进一步讨论了解的多样性。 文章的关键词包括变分方法、p(x)-基尔霍夫型方程和非局部问题。这些关键词表明了研究的核心内容,即使用变分方法处理非局部的、具有空间依赖指数的非线性方程。 这篇论文为理解p(x)型基尔霍夫方程的解的性质提供了一个新的视角,尤其是在考虑其变指数特性和非局部性质时。通过使用变分法和变指数Sobolev空间的理论,作者为这类问题的解的存在性和多解性建立了一套严谨的数学框架。

帮我地道的翻译:The differential variational inequalities ((DVIs), for short) are useful for the study of models involving both dynamics and constraints in the form of in￾equalities. They arise in many applications: electrical circuits with ideal diodes, Coulomb friction problems for contacting bodies, economical dynamics, dynamic traffic networks. Pang and Stewart [26], [27] established the existence, unique￾ness, and Lipschitz dependence of solutions subject to boundary conditions for (DVIs) in finite dimensional spaces. Han and Pang investigated a class of dif￾ferential quasi-variational inequalities in [11], and Li, Huang and O’Regan [18] studied a class of differential mixed variational inequalities in finite dimensional Well-Posedness of Differential Mixed Quasi-Variational-Inequalities 137 spaces. Gwinner [8] obtained an equivalence result between (DVIs) and projected dynamical systems. In [9] he also proved a stability property for (DVIs) by using the monotonicity method of Browder and Minty, and Mosco set convergence. Chen and Wang [4] studied dynamic Nash equilibrium problems which have the formulation of differential mixed quasi-variational inequalities. Elastoplastic contact problems can also be incorporated into (DMQVIs) formulation because general dynamic processes in the nonsmooth unilateral contact problems are governed by quasi-variational inequalities. A numerical study for nonsmooth contact problems with Tresca friction can be found in [10], Liu, Loi and Obukhovskii [19] studied the existence and global bifurcation for periodic solutions of a class of (DVIs) by using the topological degree theory for multivalued maps and the method of guiding functions. For more details about (DVIs) we refer to [3], [30], [12], [22]–[21].

2023-05-30 上传

Write a Model class with the following UML specification: +----------------------------------------------+ | Model | +----------------------------------------------+ | - score: int | | - bubbles: ArrayList<IShape> | +----------------------------------------------+ | + Model() | | + getScore(): int | | + addBubble(int w, int h): void | | + moveAll(int dx, int dy): void | | + clearInvisibles(int w, int h): void | | + deleteBubblesAtPoint(int x, int y): void | | + drawAll(Graphics g): void | | + testModel(): void | +----------------------------------------------+ When a new model object is created, the score must be zero and the arraylist must be empty. The getScore method returns as result the current score for the game. The addBubble method adds a new bubble to the arraylist of bubbles. The position of the center of the new bubble is random but must be inside a window of width w and height h (the arguments of the addBubble method), like this: new Bubble((int)(w * Math.random()), (int)(h * Math.random())) The moveAll method moves the positions of all the bubbles in the arraylist of bubbles by the amount dx in the x direction and by the amount dy in the y direction. The clearInvisibles method takes as argument the width w and the height h of the window, and deletes from the arraylist of bubbles any bubble which is not visible in the window anymore. For each bubble which is deleted, the score decreases by 1.The deleteBubblesAtPoint method takes as argument the coordinates (x, y) of a point, and deletes from the arraylist of bubbles any bubble which contains this point (multiple bubbles might contain the point, because bubbles can overlap in the window). For each bubble which is deleted, the score increases by 1. The drawAll method draws all the bubbles in the arraylist of bub

2023-05-11 上传

3)A digital clock consists of a screen to display the time and a dial for setting in turn the year, month, day, hour and minute. Twisting the dial to the left reduces by one the value being changed but twisting it to the right increases it by one. Pushing the dial alters which value is being adjusted. At first, it is the year but after the dial is pushed once, it is the month, then after the dial is pushed again, it is the day and so on. Imagine the clock is represented by a class with attributes year, month, day etc. The following is what the code for a method rotateDialLeft() might look like. public void rotateDialLeft() { if (mode == YEAR_MODE) { year--; } else if (mode == MONTH_MODE) { month--; } else if (mode == DAY_MODE) { day--; } else if (mode == HOUR_MODE) { hour--; } else if (mode == MINUTE_MODE) { minute--; } } The code for rotateDialRight() is similar. Apply the Open-Closed Principle to explain why the above code is unsatisfactory from the design viewpoint, considering the possibility of future change to the code, giving an example of such a change. 5)Give the code required for the classes introduced in question 3), focusing on the code for a method selectState() which changes the value that is being adjusted from years to months. Make it clear in which classes the code is to be found. Assume the existence of other methods that are needed such as getMonthSetUpState(). 8)Suppose that in a multiplayer role-playing game, a class Client has a dependency to an interface Fighter with public methods attack(), defend() and escape(). The game designer now wishes for Client to use a class Wizard with three different but equivalent public methods castDestructionSpell(), shield() and portal(). Explain how it is possible to do this using an appropriate design pattern.

2023-06-03 上传