IEEE 802.11无线标准详解

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"802.11无线标准文档详细介绍了无线局域网（WLAN）的介质访问控制（MAC）层和物理层（PHY）规范。这份文档由IEEE LAN/MAN标准委员会赞助，是2012年修订版，基于2007年的IEEE Std 802.11标准。" 802.11无线标准是定义无线局域网（WLAN）通信的一系列技术规范，由电气和电子工程师协会（IEEE）制定。该标准涉及了无线设备如何共享无线信道、实现数据传输和确保网络连接的稳定性和安全性。具体来说，它包括两个关键部分： 1. **介质访问控制（MAC）层**：这部分规定了如何在多个设备之间公平、高效地分配无线信道，以避免冲突和提高网络性能。802.11 MAC层采用了载波侦听多路访问/冲突避免（CSMA/CA）机制，类似于有线以太网中的CSMA/CD，但考虑到无线环境的特性，增加了冲突避免功能。 2. **物理层（PHY）**：PHY层定义了无线信号的传输和接收方式，包括调制解调技术、频率范围、数据传输速率等。802.11标准随着时间的发展，引入了多种PHY类型，如802.11a、802.11b、802.11g、802.11n、802.11ac、802.11ax等，分别对应不同的频段（2.4GHz或5GHz）、数据速率和传输效率。例如，802.11n引入了MIMO（多输入多输出）技术，显著提高了无线传输速度。此文档详细阐述了这些规范，涵盖了信道划分、帧结构、安全协议（如WEP、WPA、WPA2）以及漫游和连接管理等方面。对于网络管理员、硬件制造商和软件开发者来说，它是理解和实现802.11无线网络功能的基础。尽管是英文版，但其专业性使得全球的IT专业人士都能从中受益，了解并应用这些技术。随着技术的不断进步，802.11标准也在持续演进，以适应更高的带宽需求、更好的能效和更广泛的覆盖范围。例如，2012年的修订版可能包含了对当时最新技术，如802.11ac（Wi-Fi 5）的早期定义，而后来的802.11ax（Wi-Fi 6）则进一步提升了无线网络的性能和容量。深入理解802.11无线标准有助于设计、优化和维护高性能的无线网络，确保设备间的无缝连接，并提供可靠的无线服务。这份文档对于任何对无线通信技术感兴趣的人都是宝贵的参考资料。

5.1.4 MSDU format .......................................................................................................... 95

5.1.5 MAC data service architecture ................................................................................ 95

5.2 MAC data service specification...............................................................................................97

5.2.1 General..................................................................................................................... 97

5.2.2 MA-UNITDATA.request ........................................................................................ 97

5.2.2.1 Function ................................................................................................ 97

5.2.2.2 Semantics of the service primitive........................................................ 97

5.2.2.3 When generated..................................................................................... 97

5.2.2.4 Effect of receipt..................................................................................... 98

5.2.3 MA-UNITDATA.indication .................................................................................... 99

5.2.3.1 Function ................................................................................................ 99

5.2.3.2 Semantics of the service primitive........................................................ 99

5.2.3.3 When generated................................................................................... 100

5.2.3.4 Effect of receipt................................................................................... 100

5.2.4 MA-UNITDATA-STATUS.indication.................................................................. 101

5.2.4.1 Function .............................................................................................. 101

5.2.4.2 Semantics of the service primitive...................................................... 102

5.2.4.3 When generated................................................................................... 103

5.2.4.4 Effect of receipt................................................................................... 103

6. Layer management............................................................................................................................. 104

6.1 Overview of management model........................................................................................... 104

6.2 Generic management primitives ............................................................................................ 105

6.3 MLME SAP interface ............................................................................................................ 105

6.3.1 Introduction............................................................................................................ 105

6.3.2 Power management................................................................................................ 106

6.3.2.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 106

6.3.2.2 MLME-POWERMGT.request............................................................ 106

6.3.2.3 MLME-POWERMGT.confirm........................................................... 106

6.3.3 Scan........................................................................................................................ 107

6.3.3.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 107

6.3.3.2 MLME-SCAN.request ........................................................................ 107

6.3.3.3 MLME-SCAN.confirm ....................................................................... 109

6.3.4 Synchronization ..................................................................................................... 115

6.3.4.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 115

6.3.4.2 MLME-JOIN.request .......................................................................... 115

6.3.4.3 MLME-JOIN.confirm......................................................................... 117

6.3.5 Authenticate ........................................................................................................... 117

6.3.5.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 117

6.3.5.2 MLME-AUTHENTICATE.request .................................................... 117

6.3.5.3 MLME-AUTHENTICATE.confirm ................................................... 118

6.3.5.4 MLME-AUTHENTICATE.indication................................................ 119

6.3.5.5 MLME-AUTHENTICATE.response.................................................. 120

6.3.6 Deauthenticate ....................................................................................................... 121

6.3.6.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 121

6.3.6.2 MLME-DEAUTHENTICATE.request............................................... 121

6.3.6.3 MLME-DEAUTHENTICATE.confirm.............................................. 122

6.3.6.4 MLME-DEAUTHENTICATE.indication .......................................... 123

6.3.7 Associate................................................................................................................ 123

6.3.7.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 123

6.3.7.2 MLME-ASSOCIATE.request............................................................. 123

6.3.7.3 MLME-ASSOCIATE.confirm............................................................ 125

6.3.7.4 MLME-ASSOCIATE.indication ........................................................ 128

6.3.7.5 MLME-ASSOCIATE.response .......................................................... 130

6.3.8 Reassociate............................................................................................................. 133

6.3.8.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 133

6.3.8.2 MLME-REASSOCIATE.request........................................................ 133

6.3.8.3 MLME-REASSOCIATE.confirm....................................................... 135

6.3.8.4 MLME-REASSOCIATE.indication ................................................... 138

6.3.8.5 MLME-REASSOCIATE.response ..................................................... 141

6.3.9 Disassociate ........................................................................................................... 144

6.3.9.1 MLME-DISASSOCIATE.request ...................................................... 144

6.3.9.2 MLME-DISASSOCIATE.confirm ..................................................... 145

6.3.9.3 MLME-DISASSOCIATE.indication.................................................. 146

6.3.10 Reset....................................................................................................................... 146

6.3.10.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 146

6.3.10.2 MLME-RESET.request....................................................................... 146

6.3.11 Start........................................................................................................................ 147

6.3.11.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 147

6.3.11.2 MLME-START.request ...................................................................... 147

6.3.11.3 MLME-START.confirm..................................................................... 151

6.3.12 Stop ........................................................................................................................ 152

6.3.12.1 General................................................................................................ 152

6.3.12.2 MLME-STOP.request......................................................................... 152

6.3.13 Protocol layer model for spectrum management and radio measurement............. 153

6.3.14 Measurement request ............................................................................................. 156

6.3.14.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 156

6.3.14.2 MLME-MREQUEST.request ............................................................. 156

6.3.14.3 MLME-MREQUEST.indication......................................................... 157

6.3.15 Channel measurement............................................................................................ 158

6.3.15.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 158

6.3.15.2 MLME-MEASURE.request................................................................ 158

6.3.15.3 MLME-MEASURE.confirm............................................................... 158

6.3.16 Measurement report ............................................................................................... 159

6.3.16.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 159

6.3.16.2 MLME-MREPORT.request................................................................ 159

6.3.16.3 MLME-MREPORT.indication ........................................................... 160

6.3.17 Channel switch....................................................................................................... 161

6.3.17.1 MLME-CHANNELSWITCH.request ................................................ 161

6.3.17.2 MLME-CHANNELSWITCH.confirm ............................................... 162

6.3.17.3 MLME-CHANNELSWITCH.indication............................................ 163

6.3.17.4 MLME-CHANNELSWITCH.response.............................................. 164

6.3.18 TPC request............................................................................................................ 164

6.3.18.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 164

6.3.18.2 MLME-TPCADAPT.request .............................................................. 165

6.3.18.3 MLME-TPCADAPT.confirm............................................................. 165

6.3.19 SetKeys .................................................................................................................. 166

6.3.19.1 MLME-SETKEYS.request ................................................................. 166

6.3.20 DeleteKeys............................................................................................................. 167

6.3.20.1 MLME-DELETEKEYS.request ......................................................... 167

6.3.21 MIC (Michael) failure event .................................................................................. 168

6.3.21.1 MLME-MICHAELMICFAILURE.indication.................................... 168

6.3.22 EAPOL................................................................................................................... 169

6.3.22.1 MLME-EAPOL.request...................................................................... 169

6.3.22.2 MLME-EAPOL.confirm..................................................................... 169

6.3.23 MLME-PeerKeySTART........................................................................................ 170

6.3.23.1 MLME- PeerKeySTART.request ....................................................... 170

6.3.24 SetProtection.......................................................................................................... 171

6.3.24.1 MLME-SETPROTECTION.request................................................... 171

6.3.25 MLME-PROTECTEDFRAMEDROPPED ........................................................... 172

6.3.25.1 MLME- PROTECTEDFRAMEDROPPED.indication ...................... 172

6.3.26 TS management interface ...................................................................................... 172

6.3.26.1 General................................................................................................ 172

6.3.26.2 MLME-ADDTS.request ..................................................................... 173

6.3.26.3 MLME-ADDTS.confirm .................................................................... 174

6.3.26.4 MLME-ADDTS.indication................................................................. 176

6.3.26.5 MLME-ADDTS.response................................................................... 177

6.3.26.6 MLME-DELTS.request ...................................................................... 179

6.3.26.7 MLME-DELTS.indication.................................................................. 180

6.3.27 Management of direct links ................................................................................... 181

6.3.27.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 181

6.3.27.2 MLME-DLS.request ........................................................................... 181

6.3.27.3 MLME-DLS.confirm .......................................................................... 182

6.3.27.4 MLME-DLS.indication....................................................................... 183

6.3.27.5 MLME-DLSTeardown.request........................................................... 184

6.3.27.6 MLME-DLSTeardown.indication....................................................... 185

6.3.28 Higher layer synchronization support.................................................................... 186

6.3.28.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 186

6.3.28.2 MLME-HL-SYNC.request ................................................................. 186

6.3.28.3 MLME-HL-SYNC.indication............................................................. 186

6.3.29 Block Ack .............................................................................................................. 187

6.3.29.1 General................................................................................................ 187

6.3.29.2 MLME-ADDBA.request..................................................................... 187

6.3.29.3 MLME-ADDBA.confirm ................................................................... 188

6.3.29.4 MLME-ADDBA.indication ................................................................ 189

6.3.29.5 MLME-ADDBA.response .................................................................. 190

6.3.29.6 MLME-DELBA.request ..................................................................... 191

6.3.29.7 MLME-DELBA.indication................................................................. 192

6.3.30 Schedule element management.............................................................................. 193

6.3.30.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 193

6.3.30.2 MLME-SCHEDULE.request.............................................................. 193

6.3.30.3 MLME-SCHEDULE.indication ......................................................... 193

6.3.31 Vendor-specific action........................................................................................... 194

6.3.31.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 194

6.3.31.2 MLME-VSPECIFIC.request............................................................... 194

6.3.31.3 MLME-VSPECIFIC.indication .......................................................... 195

6.3.32 Neighbor report request ......................................................................................... 196

6.3.32.1 General................................................................................................ 196

6.3.32.2 MLME-NEIGHBORREPREQ.request............................................... 196

6.3.32.3 MLME-NEIGHBORREPREQ.indication .......................................... 197

6.3.33 Neighbor report response....................................................................................... 198

6.3.33.1 General................................................................................................ 198

6.3.33.2 MLME-NEIGHBORREPRESP.request ............................................. 198

6.3.33.3 MLME-NEIGHBORREPRESP.indication......................................... 199

6.3.34 Link Measure Request ........................................................................................... 199

6.3.34.1 General................................................................................................ 199

6.3.34.2 MLME-LINKMEASURE.request ...................................................... 200

6.3.34.3 MLME-LINKMEASURE.confirm..................................................... 200

6.3.35 MLME SAP interface for resource request ........................................................... 202

6.3.35.1 MLME-RESOURCE-REQUEST.request........................................... 202

6.3.35.2 MLME-RESOURCE-REQUEST.indication ...................................... 202

6.3.35.3 MLME-RESOURCE-REQUEST.response ........................................ 203

6.3.35.4 MLME-RESOURCE-REQUEST.confirm ......................................... 204

6.3.35.5 MLME-RESOURCE-REQUEST-LOCAL.request............................ 204

6.3.35.6 MLME-RESOURCE-REQUEST-LOCAL.confirm........................... 205

6.3.36 MLME SAP interface for remote requests ............................................................ 206

6.3.36.1 MLME-REMOTE-REQUEST.request............................................... 206

6.3.36.2 MLME-REMOTE-REQUEST.indication........................................... 206

6.3.37 Extended channel switch announcement ............................................................... 207

6.3.37.1 General................................................................................................ 207

6.3.37.2 MLME-EXTCHANNELSWITCH.request......................................... 207

6.3.37.3 MLME-EXTCHANNELSWITCH.confirm ....................................... 208

6.3.37.4 MLME-EXTCHANNELSWITCH.indication .................................... 209

6.3.37.5 MLME-EXTCHANNELSWITCH.response ...................................... 210

6.3.38 DSE power constraint announcement.................................................................... 210

6.3.38.1 General................................................................................................ 210

6.3.38.2 MLME-DSETPC.request.................................................................... 211

6.3.38.3 MLME-DSETPC.confirm................................................................... 211

6.3.38.4 MLME-DSETPC.indication ............................................................... 212

6.3.38.5 MLME-DSETPC.response ................................................................. 213

6.3.39 Enablement ............................................................................................................ 214

6.3.39.1 General................................................................................................ 214

6.3.39.2 MLME-ENABLEMENT.request........................................................ 214

6.3.39.3 MLME-ENABLEMENT.confirm....................................................... 215

6.3.39.4 MLME-ENABLEMENT.indication ................................................... 216

6.3.39.5 MLME-ENABLEMENT.response ..................................................... 217

6.3.40 Deenablement ........................................................................................................ 218

6.3.40.1 MLME-DEENABLEMENT.request .................................................. 218

6.3.40.2 MLME-DEENABLEMENT.indication.............................................. 219

6.3.41 SA Query support .................................................................................................. 220

6.3.41.1 MLME-SAQuery.request.................................................................... 220

6.3.41.2 MLME-SAQuery.confirm................................................................... 220

6.3.41.3 MLME-SAQuery.indication ............................................................... 221

6.3.41.4 MLME-SAQuery.response ................................................................. 221

6.3.42 Get TSF timer ........................................................................................................ 222

6.3.42.1 General................................................................................................ 222

6.3.42.2 MLME-GETTSFTIME.request .......................................................... 222

6.3.42.2 MLME-GETTSFTIME.confirm ......................................................... 223

6.3.43 Timing Advertisement .......................................................................................... 223

6.3.43.1 General................................................................................................ 223

6.3.43.2 MLME-TIMING_ADVERTISEMENT.request................................. 223

6.3.43.3 MLME-TIMING_ADVERTISEMENT.indication ............................ 224

6.3.44 TDLS Discovery .................................................................................................... 226

6.3.44.1 General................................................................................................ 226

6.3.44.2 MLME-TDLSDISCOVERY.request.................................................. 226

6.3.44.3 MLME-TDLSDISCOVERY.confirm................................................. 226

6.3.44.4 MLME-TDLSDISCOVERY.indication ............................................. 227

6.3.44.5 MLME-TDLSDISCOVERY.response ............................................... 228

6.3.45 TDLS direct-link establishment............................................................................. 229

6.3.45.1 General................................................................................................ 229

6.3.45.2 MLME-TDLSSETUPREQUEST.request........................................... 230

6.3.45.3 MLME-TDLSSETUPREQUEST.indication ...................................... 230

6.3.45.4 MLME-TDLSSETUPRESPONSE.request......................................... 231

6.3.45.5 MLME-TDLSSETUPRESPONSE.indication .................................... 231

6.3.45.6 MLME-TDLSSETUPCONFIRM.request .......................................... 232

6.3.45.7 MLME-TDLSSETUPCONFIRM.indication...................................... 232

6.3.45.8 MLME-TDLSPOTENTIALPEERSTA.request ................................. 233

6.3.45.9 MLME-TDLSPOTENTIALPEERSTA.confirm ................................ 234

6.3.46 TDLS direct-link teardown.................................................................................... 235

6.3.46.1 General................................................................................................ 235

6.3.46.2 MLME-TDLSTEARDOWN.request.................................................. 235

6.3.46.3 MLME-TDLSTEARDOWN.indication ............................................. 236

6.3.47 TDLS Peer U-APSD.............................................................................................. 237

6.3.47.1 General................................................................................................ 237

6.3.47.2 MLME-TDLSPTI.request................................................................... 237

6.3.47.3 MLME-TDLSPTI.confirm.................................................................. 238

6.3.47.4 MLME-TDLSPTI.indication .............................................................. 239

6.3.47.5 MLME-TDLSPTI.response ................................................................ 239

6.3.48 TDLS channel switching ....................................................................................... 240

6.3.48.1 General................................................................................................ 240

6.3.48.2 MLME-TDLSCHANNELSWITCH.request ...................................... 241

6.3.48.3 MLME-TDLSCHANNELSWITCH.confirm ..................................... 241

6.3.48.4 MLME-TDLSCHANNELSWITCH.indication.................................. 242

6.3.48.5 MLME-TDLSCHANNELSWITCH.response.................................... 243

6.3.49 TDLS Peer PSM .................................................................................................... 244

6.3.49.1 General................................................................................................ 244

6.3.49.2 MLME-TDLSPEERPSM.request....................................................... 244

6.3.49.3 MLME-TDLSPEERPSM.confirm...................................................... 245

6.3.49.4 MLME-TDLSPEERPSM.indication................................................... 246

6.3.49.5 MLME-TDLSPEERPSM.response..................................................... 246

6.3.50 Event request.......................................................................................................... 247

6.3.50.1 General................................................................................................ 247

6.3.50.2 MLME-EVLREQUEST.request......................................................... 248

6.3.50.3 MLME-EVLREQUEST.indication..................................................... 248

6.3.51 Event report............................................................................................................ 249

6.3.51.1 General................................................................................................ 249

6.3.51.2 MLME-EVLREPORT.request............................................................ 249

6.3.51.3 MLME-EVLREPORT.indication ....................................................... 250

6.3.52 Event ..................................................................................................................... 250

6.3.52.1 General................................................................................................ 250

6.3.52.2 MLME-EVLOG.request ..................................................................... 250

6.3.52.3 MLME-EVLOG.confirm .................................................................... 251

6.3.53 Diagnostic request.................................................................................................. 252

6.3.53.1 General................................................................................................ 252

6.3.53.2 MLME-DIAGREQUEST.request....................................................... 252

6.3.53.3 MLME-DIAGREQUEST.indication .................................................. 253

6.3.54 Diagnostic report.................................................................................................... 254

6.3.54.1 MLME-DIAGREPORT.request ......................................................... 254

6.3.54.2 MLME-DIAGREPORT.indication..................................................... 254

6.3.55 Location Configuration request ............................................................................. 255

6.3.55.1 General................................................................................................ 255

6.3.55.2 MLME-LOCATIONCFG.request....................................................... 256

6.3.55.3 MLME-LOCATIONCFG.confirm ..................................................... 256

6.3.55.4 MLME-LOCATIONCFG.indication .................................................. 257

6.3.55.5 MLME-LOCATIONCFG.response .................................................... 258

6.3.56 Location track notification..................................................................................... 259

6.3.56.1 General................................................................................................ 259

6.3.56.2 MLME-LOCATIONTRACKNOTIF.request..................................... 259

6.3.56.3 MLME-LOCATIONTRACKNOTIF.indication................................. 260

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