使用Blender入门角色动画

Blender

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"《Introducing Character Animation with Blender》是由Tony Mullen编著的一本关于Blender角色动画的教程。本书由Wiley Publishing, Inc.出版，旨在为读者提供使用Blender进行角色动画制作的专业知识，而Blender是一款免费且功能强大的3D建模和动画软件，对比昂贵的3ds Max或Maya，它为用户提供了经济实惠的选择。" 在本书中，作者Tony Mullen详细介绍了如何利用Blender进行角色动画的创作。这包括了从基础到高级的各种技术，帮助读者掌握Blender中的关键工具和功能。开发编辑Jim Compton和技术编辑D. Roland Hess的加入确保了内容的专业性和准确性。书中可能涵盖了以下关键知识点： 1. **Blender界面与基础操作**：学习Blender的工作区、界面布局、基本工具以及如何有效地导航在3D视图中。 2. **3D建模**：理解如何创建和修改网格模型，包括基础几何体、细分表面、雕刻工具，以及如何处理UV映射和纹理应用。 3. **骨骼绑定与蒙皮**：介绍Blender的Armature系统，学习如何创建和编辑骨骼，进行骨骼权重分配，以及实现角色模型与动画控制的紧密结合。 4. **动画原理**：深入理解动画的基本原理，如运动规律、关键帧动画、插值类型和曲线编辑器的使用。 5. **角色控制器**：创建和自定义控制器以简化复杂的动画过程，包括IK（反向动力学）和FK（正向动力学）的运用。 6. **表情与面部动画**：探讨如何设置和操纵面部表情，可能包括形状键、blendshapes以及Morph Target动画。 7. **粒子系统与特效**：学习使用粒子系统来模拟头发、烟雾、火焰等效果，以及如何添加粒子特效增强动画的表现力。 8. **模拟与物理**：了解Blender的刚体、柔体和流体模拟，用于创建逼真的物理反应。 9. **渲染与后期**：学习如何设置渲染参数，使用Cycles或EEVEE渲染引擎，以及基本的后期合成技巧。 10. **项目管理与工作流程**：讨论高效的角色动画项目组织和工作流程，包括版本控制和团队协作。 11. **脚本与自定义工具**：对Blender的Python API有初步了解，学习如何编写简单的脚本来自动化重复任务或创建自定义工具。通过这些详细讲解，无论是初学者还是有一定经验的3D艺术家，都能在本书中找到提升自己技能的路径。此外，可能还会有实践项目和案例研究，以帮助读者将理论知识应用于实际作品，从而掌握Blender角色动画的精髓。

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• Experienced character animators who are considering making a transition to using

Blender instead of, or in addition to, another software package. These people can

expect to be quite familiar with the concepts dealt with in this book, but need to

know how the concepts are implemented in the Blender software.

• Highly motivated newbies to both Blender and the field of character modeling and

animation. These are the people who will be picking the bones of this book. I hope

to supply these readers with all they need to use Blender to get started in character

modeling, and also to give them some good pointers on where to go from here to

develop their skills more fully.

For all of these people, the learning curve can be steep. At the time I’m writing this,

there are no published, up-to-date books on Blender available in English. There is some

excellent new introductory documentation available at the Blender Wiki page, thanks to

the Blender Foundation’s Summer of Documentation project, and I strongly recommend

looking at it. Aside from this, however, cohesive learning resources for Blender are still

hard to come by. Until now, the way to learn Blender has been to scour the Web for free

tutorials and online documentation, and to participate in discussion groups such as the

BlenderArtists group at blenderartists.org/forum. The fact that so many people have

become adept in Blender is a testament to the extraordinary quality of the tutorials and

the documentation available, all created by people who have donated their time and

expertise to supporting the Blender community.

These resources remain invaluable, and in this book I will make an effort to point you

to the best of them. Nevertheless, it requires some real effort to seek out up-to-date,

quality tutorials and to teach oneself from so many diverse sources, and it is difficult for

scattered tutorials, even very good ones, to get into sufficient detail and depth on a specific

topic. For this reason, I have taken a very broad view of what the topic of character anima-

tion encompasses. Modeling, texturing, and animation are all part of what I cover here,

and you can use most of the information in this book to apply to other forms of modeling

and animation than character animation. Likewise, although it is very much a part of this

book, I do not go into great depth on the art of animation per se. In Chapter 18, I recom-

mend several books to help you deepen your knowledge and skills in this regard.

With Introducing Character Animation with Blender, I aim to provide a clear, cohesive

overview of character creation and animation as implemented in Blender. I hope that this

encourages people to make the most of Blender’s capabilities, to exercise their own cre-

ativity, and to support the fantastic community that has developed around this software.

Introduction ■ xiii

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There are several ways you can use this book. The most straightforward (and demand-

ing) is to start at the beginning and follow all the steps to model and animate the rigged

character described over the course of the book. Alternately, you can skip around from

chapter to chapter and follow only the steps of the individual chapters. For this, I have

included .blend files on the accompanying DVDs representing various incomplete stages

of the character rig. You can find the appropriate .blend file for the starting point of the

chapter and then work through the chapter using that file.

What’s Inside

Here is a glance at what’s in each chapter.

In Part I: Creating a Character with Blender, I take you through the Blender pro-

gram, its tools, and the complete foundational process of building a character.

Chapter 1: Blender Basics: Interface and Objects will introduce you to the Blender

desktop and show you how to navigate the various windows you’ll be using through-

out the book. This chapter also explains the basics of how Blender handles 3D objects

and what this will mean to you as you work with them.

Chapter 2: Working with Meshes covers the most important mesh modeling tools,

and shows several approaches to organic modeling. The chapter culminates with the

completion of the Captain Blender character mesh, which we will use throughout

the rest of the book for animation tutorials and examples.

Chapter 3: Materials and Textures continues with modeling the Captain Blender

mesh, now focusing on creating clothing, skin, and hair using such tools as material

shaders, UV mapped textures, and the particle system for hair.

Chapter 4: Armatures and Rigging introduces the armature system with simple

examples, and then moves on to creating a high-quality armature for the Captain

Blender character.

Chapter 5: Shape Keys and Facial Rigging moves beyond the basics of armature

deformations to show how more precise animation of mesh shapes can be accom-

plished with shape keys, and how the behavior of these can be associated to armature

poses to create easily controllable facial expressions and improved joint deformations.

In Part II: Bringing It to Life: Animation, we turn to animating the character we

have created in Part I.

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Chapter 6: Basics of Blender Animation looks at the simple example of a bouncing

ball to introduce the ideas of interpolation (Ipo) curves and keyframes, which are the

underlying components of all animation in Blender.

Chapter 7: Armature Animation shows how posing, keyframing, and pose ipos

work with the character rig we created in Part I to create our first real character

animations. We look at creating actions such as jumping, walking, running, as

well as others.

Chapter 8: Facial Animation and Lip Sync turns attention to the facial rigging we

did in Chapter 5. Using these methods of facial posing, we see how the character can

be made to express emotion, and how lip movements can be created to sync with a

sound file.

Chapter 9: Nonlinear Animation looks at Blender’s powerful Nonlinear Animation

Editor, in which multiple independently created actions can be edited together to cre-

ate a single complex animation.

Chapter 10: Further Issues in Animation covers a number of worthwhile topics

in character animation which have not been addressed in other chapters, such as

interacting with props, and using features such as lattices, soft body simulation, and

metaballs.

Chapter 11: Rendering and Editing tells you what you need to know to output your

animations to fully-realized, finished works using Blender’s built-in rendering engine.

In this chapter you will learn how to use the Sequence Editor to edit separate ani-

mated segments together to create a complete animation.

Chapter 12: Using Python Scripts shows you how to use the Python scripts included

in the standard Blender distribution and highlights some of the most useful scripts for

character animation.

In Part III: Blender in Production we look at real-world cases of Blender being used

in professional level animation projects.

Chapter 13: Full-Scale Productions: Elephants Dream and Plumiferos introduces

the two best known Blender-based animation projects: the world’s first “open movie,”

Elephants Dream, and Plumiferos, the eagerly-anticipated CG feature film from

Argentina.

Introduction ■ xv

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Chapter 14: A Look Into Elephants Dream peeks into the Elephants Dream production

files to see how the characters of that film are modeled and rigged, and highlights some

of the interesting approaches to character animation taken by the creators of the film.

Chapter 15: Feifi the Canary: Plumiferos Takes Wing presents a very special look at a

fascinating character rig from Plumiferos, an inspiring behind-the-scenes glimpse at

this exciting project.

Chapter 16: Blender in the Pipeline takes a step back and looks at Blender’s place in

these production’s pipelines; we look at how the projects are organized and where

Blender fits into the workflow.

Part IV: Blender and Beyond wraps up by giving you some pointers to where you can

go to continue deepening your skills and understanding beyond what’s contained in

this book.

Chapter 17: Other Software and Formats gives a brief overview of the import and

export possibilities of Blender to and from other 3D formats, and surveys a variety of

open source software which will likely be of interest to Blender animators.

Chapter 18: Resources directs you to some recomended books, tutorials, and other

resources for deepening your knowledge of animation and CG techniques in general.

What’s on the DVD

First and foremost, the companion DVD is home to a complete Blender 2.42 program

installation for Windows, Mac OSX, and Linux, and all the project files you’ll need to

follow along with the book’s tutorials and exercises, organized into folders by chapter.

Among these are the .blend files for the Captain Blender character you see throughout

the book. These files represent Captain Blender at various points in his creation. You will

find the plain mesh, the mesh with textures, material, and hair, the fully armature-rigged

character, and several files representing different animations. Using these files, you should

be able to jump into the book at any point and begin following tutorials without having

worked your way through previous chapters, if you so desire. In addition to the

.blend

files, you will also find rendered videos of the Captain Blender animations discussed in

the text.

We’ve also included a high-res version of the animated short Elephants Dream, the

world’s first open-source movie. The source and project files for Elephants Dream are

available from www.elephantsdream.org, so you can remix and reuse the movie to make

your own creation, under a version of the Creative Commons license.

xvi ■ Introduction

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In addition to Elephants Dream, we have collected an impressive gallery of short anima-

tions created by Blender artists around the world to demonstrate the potential of Blender’s

animation capabilities. Be sure not to miss these fantastic pieces of work by Roland Hess,

Enrico Valenza, Eric Terrier, Martin White, Stephan Rodriguez, Jason van Gumster, Sacha

Goedegebure, Peter Hertzberg, Trevor Jacobs, Nathan Dunlap, Niels Philipsen, David

Revoy, Jason Pierce, Philippe Roubal, and the Plumiferos production team. Also, several

excellent sample rigs are included for your use and study, among them Bassam Kurdali’s

Mancandy rig, Jason Pierce’s Ludwig rig, Jorge Rocha’s clothed female figure, David Revoy’s

Little Fairy, and Nathan Towle’s cartoon mouse character.

On top of this, we’ve assembled an excellent collection of third-party software to help

you with your Blender work and education.

GIMP 2.2 is the premiere open-source graphics application, for Windows, Mac OS X,

and Linux. This 2D image manipulation software is an invaluable tool for creating

textures for use with 3D models.

Audacity 1.2.4b is a simple to use, but very powerful sound processing application

which will allow you to edit and manipulate audio files for use in your animations.

VirtualDub 1.6.16 is a simple but very useful video editing application which allows

you to edit video and sound together.

InkScape 0.44 is a vector drawing application which is useful for 2D image creation.

Python 2.4.3 is the scripting language of Blender.

YafRay 0.0.9 is a high-quality open source ray tracer for use with Blender, which is

capable of rendering a number of sophisticated light effects not possible with

Blender’s internal renderer.

BlenderPeople 0.8 is a poweful Python-based plug-in, created by D. Roland Hess,

which enables the simulation of large-scale crowd scenes, including battles, using

Blender’s character animation functionality in conjunction with a MySQL database

(an open source database application which can be freely downloaded from

www.mysql.com).

VLC Media Player is a multi-platform video player which should enable you to play

any of the media files included on the DVD.

Look on the DVD for a coupon toward rendering services from ResPower. Finally, the

DVD also includes a page of web links, connecting you to all these software sources, the

Blender Foundation, various Blender community sites, and much more.

Introduction ■ xvii

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