DS18B20数字温度传感器详解

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"这篇资料详细介绍了18B20数字温度传感器，该传感器以其独特的1-Wire接口、多滴功能和无需外部组件等优点，适用于分布式温度传感应用。" 18B20数字温度传感器是一种高精度、低功耗的温度测量设备，由Dallas Semiconductor（现Maxim Integrated）制造。其主要特点包括： 1. **1-Wire接口**：18B20的独特之处在于它只需要一个数据端口就能实现通信，大大简化了系统设计，减少了硬件资源的占用。 2. **多滴能力**：这种传感器支持多滴功能，意味着多个传感器可以连接到同一条总线上，便于构建分布式温度监测系统，无需额外的地址线。 3. **无需外部组件**：传感器内置电源管理，可以从数据线上获取电源，工作电压范围在3.0V到5.5V之间，降低了系统复杂性。 4. **零待机功率**：在不进行测量时，18B20几乎不消耗任何电力，有利于节能设计。 5. **温度测量范围**：能够测量从-55°C到+125°C的宽泛温度范围，对应的华氏温度是-67°F到+257°F。 6. **高精度**：在-10°C到+85°C的温度范围内，精度可达±0.5°C，确保了测量的准确性。 7. **可编程分辨率**：用户可以根据需求将温度分辨率设置为9到12位，以满足不同精度需求。 8. **快速转换时间**：18B20能在750毫秒内完成12位温度数据的数字化转换。 9. **非挥发性温度报警设置**：用户可以定义并存储温度报警阈值，当温度超出设定范围时，传感器会触发报警。 10. **报警搜索命令**：通过特定的报警搜索命令，系统可以快速识别并定位超出预设温度限制的设备。 18B20的应用广泛，常见于以下领域： - **恒温控制系统**：如空调、加热系统等。 - **工业系统**：如过程控制、环境监控等。 - **消费产品**：如冰箱、洗衣机等家用电器的温度管理。 - **温度计**：包括室内室外温度计、医疗设备等。 - **任何热敏感系统**：任何需要实时温度监控的系统都可能用到18B20。在实际应用中，18B20的引脚分配如下： - GND：接地。 - DQ：数据输入/输出，即1-Wire通信线。 - VDD：电源电压输入。 - NC：无连接，不接任何线路。 18B20数字温度传感器因其高效、精确和灵活的特性，在各种需要温度测量的场合中具有广泛的应用价值。

DS18B20

5 of 26

OPERATION - MEASURING TEMPERATURE

The core functionality of the DS18B20 is its direct-to-digital temperature sensor. The resolution of the

DS18B20 is configurable (9, 10, 11, or 12 bits), with 12-bit readings the factory default state. This

equates to a temperature resolution of 0.5°C, 0.25°C, 0.125°C, or 0.0625°C. Following the issuance of

the Convert T [44h] command, a temperature conversion is performed and the thermal data is stored in

the scratchpad memory in a 16-bit, sign-extended two’s complement format. The temperature

information can be retrieved over the 1-Wire™ interface by issuing a Read Scratchpad [BEh] command

once the conversion has been performed. The data is transferred over the 1-Wire™ bus, LSB first. The

MSB of the temperature register contains the “sign” (S) bit, denoting whether the temperature is positive

or negative.

Table 2 describes the exact relationship of output data to measured temperature. The table assumes 12-bit

resolution. If the DS18B20 is configured for a lower resolution, insignificant bits will contain zeros. For

Fahrenheit usage, a lookup table or conversion routine must be used.

Temperature/Data Relationships Table 2

-1

-2

-3

-4

LSB

MSb

(unit = °C)

LSb

SSSSS2

MSB

TEMPERATURE DIGITAL OUTPUT

(Binary)

DIGITAL

OUTPUT

(Hex)

+125°C 0000 0111 1101 0000 07D0h

+85°C 0000 0101 0101 0000 0550h*

+25.0625°C 0000 0001 1001 0001 0191h

+10.125°C 0000 0000 1010 0010 00A2h

+0.5°C 0000 0000 0000 1000 0008h

0°C 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000h

-0.5°C 1111 1111 1111 1000 FFF8h

-10.125°C 1111 1111 0101 1110 FF5Eh

-25.0625°C 1111 1110 0110 1111 FF6Fh

-55°C 1111 1100 1001 0000 FC90h

*The power on reset register value is +85°C.

OPERATION - ALARM SIGNALING

After the DS18B20 has performed a temperature conversion, the temperature value is compared to the

trigger values stored in TH and TL. Since these registers are 8-bit only, bits 9-12 are ignored for

comparison. The most significant bit of TH or TL directly corresponds to the sign bit of the 16-bit

temperature register. If the result of a temperature measurement is higher than TH or lower than TL, an

alarm flag inside the device is set. This flag is updated with every temperature measurement. As long as

the alarm flag is set, the DS18B20 will respond to the alarm search command. This allows many

DS18B20s to be connected in parallel doing simultaneous temperature measurements. If somewhere the

temperature exceeds the limits, the alarming device(s) can be identified and read immediately without

having to read non-alarming devices.

DS18B20

6 of 26

64-BIT LASERED ROM

Each DS18B20 contains a unique ROM code that is 64-bits long. The first 8 bits are a 1-Wire family code

(DS18B20 code is 28h). The next 48 bits are a unique serial number. The last 8 bits are a CRC of the first

56 bits. (See Figure 4.) The 64-bit ROM and ROM Function Control section allow the DS18B20 to

operate as a 1-Wire device and follow the 1-Wire protocol detailed in the section “1-Wire Bus System.”

The functions required to control sections of the DS18B20 are not accessible until the ROM function

protocol has been satisfied. This protocol is described in the ROM function protocol flowchart (Figure 5).

The 1-Wire bus master must first provide one of five ROM function commands: 1) Read ROM, 2) Match

ROM, 3) Search ROM, 4) Skip ROM, or 5) Alarm Search. After a ROM function sequence has been

successfully executed, the functions specific to the DS18B20 are accessible and the bus master may then

provide one of the six memory and control function commands.

CRC GENERATION

The DS18B20 has an 8-bit CRC stored in the most significant byte of the 64-bit ROM. The bus master

can compute a CRC value from the first 56-bits of the 64-bit ROM and compare it to the value stored

within the DS18B20 to determine if the ROM data has been received error-free by the bus master. The

equivalent polynomial function of this CRC is:

CRC = X

+ X

+ 1

The DS18B20 also generates an 8-bit CRC value using the same polynomial function shown above and

provides this value to the bus master to validate the transfer of data bytes. In each case where a CRC is

used for data transfer validation, the bus master must calculate a CRC value using the polynomial

function given above and compare the calculated value to either the 8-bit CRC value stored in the 64-bit

ROM portion of the DS18B20 (for ROM reads) or the 8-bit CRC value computed within the DS18B20

(which is read as a ninth byte when the scratchpad is read). The comparison of CRC values and decision

to continue with an operation are determined entirely by the bus master. There is no circuitry inside the

DS18B20 that prevents a command sequence from proceeding if the CRC stored in or calculated by the

DS18B20 does not match the value generated by the bus master.

The 1-Wire CRC can be generated using a polynomial generator consisting of a shift register and XOR

gates as shown in Figure 6. Additional information about the Dallas 1-Wire Cyclic Redundancy Check is

available in Application Note 27 entitled “Understanding and Using Cyclic Redundancy Checks with

Dallas Semiconductor Touch Memory Products.”

The shift register bits are initialized to 0. Then starting with the least significant bit of the family code, 1

bit at a time is shifted in. After the eighth bit of the family code has been entered, then the serial number

is entered. After the 48

bit of the serial number has been entered, the shift register contains the CRC

value. Shifting in the 8 bits of CRC should return the shift register to all 0s.

64-BIT LASERED ROM Figure 4

8-BIT CRC CODE 48-BIT SERIAL NUMBER

8-BIT FAMILY CODE

(28h)

MSB LSB MSB LSB MSB LSB

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